CN108085964B - 一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维及其制备方法。本发明采用天然家蚕丝,经过稀硫酸浸泡和压辊去除多余液体,再通过缓慢烘燥使硫酸浓度增大,提高溶胀后再洗涤,快速烘燥,使蚕丝内部应力迅速发生变化,从而制备具有不同弯曲度的蚕丝。本发明提供的弯曲蚕丝在制备纯蚕丝无纺布时,能增加水刺蚕丝无纺布内部的蚕丝纠缠率,提高单位面积蚕丝之间所产生的摩擦力,改善产品强力不足的缺陷,制备高强力的纯蚕丝无纺布。本发明中,硫酸的加入能有效去除蚕丝表面和自身含有的其它杂质,降低蚕丝前处理的成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维及其制备方法,属于纺织材料、非织造材料技术领域。
背景技术
蚕丝是一种天然蛋白质纤维,含有对人体有益的18中氨基酸,蛋白质含量达97%以上,丝素是主体,丝胶包覆在丝素外面,起到保护的作用。丝素蛋白无毒无害,安全可靠,具有优异的生物相容性,适合开发改性成新材料。其中,含有的丝氨酸、苏氨酸能够延缓衰老,亮氨酸能够加速细胞的新陈代谢。蚕丝具有的这些优点,使得研究人员加深对其改性材料的研究,比如:浸渍、涂覆、接枝、共混等等,来赋予蚕丝不同的性能。
目前,蚕丝作为加工水刺纯蚕丝无纺布原料时,容易造成布料强力不足,布料易撕裂等缺点。因此,研究人员对布料进行改性,目前的方法有:(1)通过涂覆、浸渍强力剂的方法,提高布料的强力性能,但是这样容易导致面料的透气透湿下降;(2)通过熔融法,将未脱胶蚕丝表面丝胶溶解,再进行干燥利用丝胶使蚕丝相互间粘合来提高布料的强力,但是此方法的得到的布料硬度偏大,柔软度很差;(3)通过饱和钙盐制备弯曲蚕丝的方法,提高蚕丝的弯曲程度,增加蚕丝之间的摩擦力,但是此处理后的蚕丝,弯曲程度不够,强力下降较多,限制布料的强力。(4)通过使用涤纶、天丝等纤维和蚕丝进行混纺制备无纺布,虽然布料强力提高,但是其实用价值就会大打折扣。
在本发明作出之前,中国发明专利(CN100379915)“含丝胶的蚕丝变性无纺布及其用途”中,采用戊二醛溶液将丝胶固定在蚕丝纤维上,同时加入表面活性剂使其柔软,虽然能够使蚕丝无纺布提高强力,但是在烘燥和冷却过程中,丝胶的熔融和凝结,会导致布料的手感较差,加入的表面活性剂可能溶出刺激皮肤,加入的戊二醛有毒性,会带来刺激以及生物相容性的下降。公开号为CN105671790A的中国发明专利提供了一种蚕丝热风无纺布面料,利用熔点为130℃的ES纤维的熔融粘结作用,将蚕丝无纺布和其相互粘结来起到增加强力的作用,但高温会破坏蚕丝纤维,同时化学纤维ES纤维的加入,可能降低纯蚕丝的亲肤性和生物相容性。
发明内容
本发明针对现有蚕丝无纺布面料存在的不足,提供一种即能充分保持丝素蛋白材料的生物相容性和强力,又具有较高的挠曲性,可用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维及其制备方法。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是提供一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维的制备方法,以家蚕丝为原料,依次经过脱胶、洗涤、干燥处理后,再进行如下步骤的加工:
(1)将脱胶干燥后的家蚕丝,浸泡在含有蚕丝保护剂的稀硫酸溶液中处理5~60min,得到溶胀蚕丝;所述稀硫酸的浓度为0.1mol/L~3 mol/L;所述蚕丝保护剂为包括硫酸钠,甘油,糖精和蔗糖的复配物;蚕丝保护剂用量为蚕丝质量的1%~3%。
(2)将溶胀蚕丝经压辊轧压,去除多余酸液,压辊的压力为0.1 MPa ~0.4Mpa;
(3)将蚕丝置于温度为40~70℃的烘箱中烘燥处理10 min~ 60min;
(4)取出烘燥的蚕丝,用水充分洗涤,直至洗出液的pH值大于6;
(5)将洗涤后的蚕丝置于温度为100℃~110℃的烘箱中干燥至恒重,得到一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维。
本发明所述的蚕丝保护剂中,按质量计,包括30%~60%的硫酸钠, 20%~50%的蔗糖,5%~10%的甘油,0.1%~5%的糖精。
本发明技术方案还包括按上述制备方法得到的一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维。
本发明提供的用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维,其蚕丝纤维的弯曲度为10~30%;单丝强力大于5 cN。
本发明的原理是:利用蚕丝具有一定的吸收酸液的特点,使其浸渍于稀硫酸中,吸收稀硫酸后,发生部分溶胀,接着通过缓慢干燥使稀硫酸逐渐浓缩。随着硫酸浓度的提高,硫酸分子进入蚕丝内部,使蚕丝进一步溶胀,控制硫酸浓缩浓度,在蚕丝保护剂的保护下,控制蚕丝只发生溶胀而尽量减少蚕丝蛋白的降解。溶胀的蚕丝经过水洗去除硫酸,其后快速干燥。由于溶胀的膨胀应力与干燥收缩的应力的不均匀,导致蚕丝弯曲卷绕,形成具有一定弯曲度的蚕丝。本发明采用提高蚕丝弯曲度方法来制备改性蚕丝,从产品原料着手进行改性,提高蚕丝的弯曲程度,增大产品内部蚕丝之间的纠缠性能,适合于作为生产纯蚕丝无纺布的原料,可以用于体液吸附,生物敷料等产品。
与现有纯蚕丝无纺布原料相比,本发明的优势在于:
1.本发明获得了较高弯曲度的蚕丝,提高了蚕丝制备无纺布时的相互缠绕,提高蚕丝无纺布的强度以及抗撕裂性能,并且可以制备更加低克重的无纺布。
2.从原材料本身着手改性,与其它通过涂层、共混、丝胶粘合等方法相比,除了提高蚕丝无纺布强力外,由于无其他物质的引入(试剂均溶于水,可以被水洗掉),可以改善布料的透气透湿性,制备的蚕丝无纺布提高了柔软度和亲肤性。
3.使用硫酸对蚕丝缓慢处理过程,能够去除原材料中含有的丝胶等杂质,弥补蚕丝前处理工艺的不足,提高产品的质量。
4.本发明所采用的试剂无毒容易被清洗,生产无纺布的时候不需要再添加其他试剂,制备的蚕丝无纺布不会引起生物相容性的降低,可用于生物医用材料。
附图说明
图1是本发明各实施例制备的弯曲蚕丝样品与未处理蚕丝样品的形态对比照片;
图2是本发明各实施例制备的弯曲蚕丝纤维样品的弯曲度检测结果。
图3是本发明各实施例制备的弯曲蚕丝纤维样品的强度检测结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例一:
1.取1公斤脱胶干燥后的家蚕丝,浸泡在5000毫升含有20克蚕丝保护剂的0.1mol/L稀硫酸溶液中50 min,吸收酸液获得溶胀蚕丝;其中蚕丝保护剂为含有55%质量的硫酸钠,含有34%质量的蔗糖,含有10%质量的甘油,含有1%质量的糖精。
2.将溶胀蚕丝通过压辊去除多余酸液,压辊的压力为0.2 MPa;
3.将经过压辊轧过的蚕丝在45℃烘箱中缓慢烘燥35 min;
4.取出干燥过的蚕丝,用水充分洗涤,直到洗出液中的pH值升高到6.5;
5.将清洗过的蚕丝,放入100℃烘箱中快速烘燥至恒重,获得具有一定弯曲度的蚕丝,可用于蚕丝无纺布的制造。
弯曲度的检测:将处理后的蚕丝放在黑绒版上,一端固定,将蚕丝悬垂,测量长度。再将蚕丝另一端施加一定的应力,使其伸直测量其原有长度,计算得出弯曲度。经检测,本实施例获得的蚕丝材料的弯曲度为12%。
实施例二:
1.取2公斤脱胶干燥后的家蚕丝,浸泡在10升含有40克蚕丝保护剂的0.2mol/L稀硫酸溶液中30 min,吸收酸液获得溶胀蚕丝;其中蚕丝保护剂为含有45%质量的硫酸钠,含有45%质量的蔗糖,含有8%质量的甘油,含有2%质量的糖精。
2.将溶胀蚕丝通过压辊去除多余酸液,压辊的压力为0.25 MPa;
3.将经过压辊轧过的蚕丝在55℃烘箱中缓慢烘燥30 min;
4.取出干燥过的蚕丝,用水充分洗涤,直到洗出液中的pH值升高到6.2;
5.将清洗过的蚕丝,放入101℃烘箱中快速烘燥至恒重,获得具有一定弯曲度的蚕丝,可用于蚕丝无纺布的制造。
弯曲度的检测:将处理后的蚕丝放在黑绒版上,一端固定,将蚕丝悬垂,测量长度。再将蚕丝另一端施加一定的应力,使其伸直测量其原有长度,计算得出弯曲度。经检测,本实施例获得的蚕丝材料的弯曲度为16%。
实施例三
1.取2公斤脱胶干燥后的家蚕丝,浸泡在10升含有40克蚕丝保护剂的1 mol/L稀硫酸溶液中20 min,吸收酸液获得溶胀蚕丝;其中蚕丝保护剂为含有40%质量的硫酸钠,含有51%质量的蔗糖,含有7.5%质量的甘油,含有1.5 %质量的糖精。
2.将溶胀蚕丝通过压辊去除多余酸液,压辊的压力为0.3 MPa;
3.将经过压辊轧过的蚕丝在65℃烘箱中缓慢烘燥25 min;
4.取出干燥过的蚕丝,用水充分洗涤,直到洗出液中的pH值升高到6.1;
5.将清洗过的蚕丝,放入105℃烘箱中快速烘燥至恒重,获得具有一定弯曲度的蚕丝,可用于蚕丝无纺布的制造。
弯曲度的检测:将处理后的蚕丝放在黑绒版上,一端固定,将蚕丝悬垂,测量长度。再将蚕丝另一端施加一定的应力,使其伸直测量其原有长度,计算得出弯曲度。经检测,本实施例获得的蚕丝材料的弯曲度为24%。
制得的改性蚕丝可以作为纯蚕丝无纺布的生产原料,作为面膜、敷料等卫生用品。
参见附图1,是本发明各实施例制备的弯曲蚕丝样品与未处理蚕丝样品的形态对比照片;从左到右分别为未处理蚕丝,实施例一、实施例二、实施例三获得的弯曲蚕丝,由图1可以看到处理后蚕丝弯曲度的提高。
参见附图2,是本发明各实施例制备的弯曲蚕丝纤维样品的弯曲度检测结果。从图2可以看到,未处理蚕丝的弯曲度只有5%左右,经过硫酸对蚕丝进行处理后,蚕丝的弯曲度比未处理的蚕丝大大提高。
参见附图3,是本发明各实施例制备的弯曲蚕丝纤维样品的强度检测结果。从图3可以看到,对照组采用水处理的蚕丝强力为6.5cN,经过处理后,蚕丝强力下降较少,只下降到5.5 cN,说明处理过程对蚕丝的强力影响不大。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维的制备方法,以家蚕丝为原料,依次经过脱胶、洗涤、干燥处理后,其特征在于再进行如下步骤的加工:
(1)将脱胶干燥后的家蚕丝,浸泡在含有蚕丝保护剂的稀硫酸溶液中处理5~60min,得到溶胀蚕丝;所述稀硫酸的浓度为0.1mol/L~3 mol/L;所述蚕丝保护剂为包括硫酸钠,甘油,糖精和蔗糖的复配物;蚕丝保护剂用量为蚕丝质量的1%~3%;
(2)将溶胀蚕丝经压辊轧压,去除多余酸液,压辊的压力为0.1 MPa ~0.4Mpa;
(3)将蚕丝置于温度为40~70℃的烘箱中烘燥处理10 min~ 60min;
(4)取出烘燥的蚕丝,用水充分洗涤,直至洗出液的pH值大于6;
(5)将洗涤后的蚕丝置于温度为100℃~110℃的烘箱中干燥至恒重,得到一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述蚕丝保护剂中,按质量计,包括30%~60%的硫酸钠, 20%~50%的蔗糖,5%~10%的甘油,0.1%~5%的糖精。
3.按权利要求1制备方法得到的一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于蚕丝无纺布的弯曲蚕丝纤维,其特征在于:蚕丝纤维的弯曲度为10~30%;单丝强力大于5 cN。
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