CN108084596A - 利用废旧纺织塑料制备防水膜、包括该防水膜的防水布及防水箱包以及防水布的制备方法 - Google Patents

利用废旧纺织塑料制备防水膜、包括该防水膜的防水布及防水箱包以及防水布的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108084596A
CN108084596A CN201711217804.7A CN201711217804A CN108084596A CN 108084596 A CN108084596 A CN 108084596A CN 201711217804 A CN201711217804 A CN 201711217804A CN 108084596 A CN108084596 A CN 108084596A
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waterproof
cloth
recycling
waterproof membrane
membrane
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马滋强
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HANGZHOU CAISHI TEXTILE CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜，由下列质量百分数配比的组分制成：重质碳酸钙35～60％、回收的灰线皮10～30％、回收的碎红毯10～30％、回收的大棚薄膜5～15％、回收的墙纸5～10％、塑化剂2～6％、硬脂酸0.1～2％、稳定剂0.2～2％和调色剂0.2～2％；塑化剂为对苯二甲酸二辛酯或者对苯二甲酸二辛酯与辛醇的混合物。本发明还公开了一种防水布、其制备方法、该方法中用到的全自动防水布生产设备以及包括这种防水布的防水箱包。本发明防水膜及包括该防水膜的防水布实现了固态塑料垃圾的回收再利用，减少了对生态环境的影响，实现了资源的高效利用并降低防水膜的生产成本。

Description

利用废旧纺织塑料制备防水膜、包括该防水膜的防水布及防 水箱包以及防水布的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品的防水处理工艺领域，尤其涉及一种利用废旧纺织塑料制备防水膜的方法、通过该方法制备的防水膜以及包括该防水膜的防水布匹。
背景技术
塑料是世界上产量最大、应用最广泛的合成材料品种，近年来，随着国内经济持续快速增长和国内居民消费能力的不断提高，合成塑料的需求量不断增长，大量用于布料、地毯、灰线皮、大棚薄膜、床上用品、各种装饰墙纸以及其他工业用塑料制品。
然而，由于塑料的拉伸强度高、弹性好，而且耐磨、耐热、耐光、耐酸和难降解，使得塑料废料的回收再利用变得十分困难，大量废弃的纺织塑料变成难以处理的固体垃圾，占用大量土地，对环境也造成了相当大的威胁，成为人类社会面临的一大难题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜，以解决现有的塑料回收利用困难、形成大量固体垃圾以及占用大量土地的问题。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种防水布，该防水布采用上述利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜，实现资源重复利用的同时还能增强该布的防水性，拓展布胚的应用领域和范围。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种防水布的制备方法，拓展利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜的用途，实现现有塑料废弃物的回收利用。
本发明的目的之四在于提供一种防水箱包，以拓展上述制备的防水膜以及由该防水膜制备的防水布的用途。
本发明的目的之五在于提供一种全自动防水布生产设备，以整合利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜、防水布的整套工艺，简化生产流程，加快生产进度。
本发明的目的之一采用如下技术方案实现：
一种利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜，由下列质量百分数配比的组分制成：重质碳酸钙35～60％、回收的灰线皮10～30％、回收的碎红毯10～30％、回收的大棚薄膜5～15％、回收的墙纸5～10％、塑化剂2～6％、硬脂酸0.1～2％、稳定剂0.2～2％和调色剂0.2～2％；
所述塑化剂为对苯二甲酸二辛酯或者对苯二甲酸二辛酯与辛醇的混合物。
进一步地，由下列质量百分数配比的组分制成：重质碳酸钙40～50％、回收的灰线皮15～25％、回收的碎红毯15～20％、回收的大棚薄膜7～10％、回收的墙纸5～7％、对苯二甲酸二辛酯1～6％、辛醇0～1.5％、硬脂酸0.2～1％、稳定剂0.4～1％和调色剂0.8～1.8％；
上述组分混合均匀后于180～220℃混炼，然后过40～100目筛，压延成防水膜；
所述稳定剂为氧化铅与碳酸钡以任意比例组成的复合稳定剂，所述调色剂为宝红、酞青蓝和炭黑中的至少一种。
进一步地，由下列质量百分数配比的组分制成：重质碳酸钙40％、回收的灰线皮25％、回收的碎红毯15％、回收的大棚薄膜10％、回收的墙纸5％、对苯二甲酸二辛酯2％、硬脂酸0.5％、氧化铝0.2％、碳酸钡0.8％、宝红0.2％、酞青蓝0.3％和炭黑1％；
所述混炼温度为200℃混炼，然后过60目筛。
本发明的目的之二采用如下技术方案实现：
一种防水布，包括布胚和上述任一项防水膜，所述防水膜与所述布胚压延贴合。
进一步地，所述布胚的一面涂上一层防水胶，所述布胚的另一面压延贴合有所述防水膜。
本发明的目的之三采用如下技术方案实现：
一种防水布的制备方法，包括以下步骤，
上浆：将布胚的一面涂上防水胶并于160-180℃条件下烘干5-20min，得到单层防水布；
压延：将制备的单层防水布的另一面通过压延方式与防水膜贴合，所述压延温度为150-160℃，得到双层防水布。
进一步地，所述防水胶为环保水胶，所述环保水胶包括20～50％的聚酯多元醇，余量为水。
进一步地，所述环保水胶包括30％的聚酯多元醇，余量为水；
所述烘干温度为170℃，烘干时间为10min；所述压延温度为155℃。
本发明的目的之四采用如下技术方案实现：
一种防水箱包，包括上述任一项所述的防水布。
本发明的目的之五采用如下技术方案实现：
一种全自动防水布生产设备，其特征在于：所述设备包括上浆机、压延机、过滤机和自动接取机；
所述上浆机用于为布胚上防水胶，制得单层防水布；
所述过滤机用于滤除混炼后的混合物中的异物，制得过滤出料混合物；
所述压延机用于将所述过滤出料混合物压延贴合到所述单层防水布未上胶的一面，制得双层防水布；
所述自动接取机用于连续收集压延机上过滤出料混合物压延贴合到单层防水布后剩下的边料，并将接取的边料运回过滤机重新进行加热、过滤。
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明一种利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜采用废旧塑料重新炼塑并制成防水膜，一方面，实现了现有难降解的固态塑料垃圾的回收再利用，减少了塑料垃圾对生态环境的影响，实现了资源的高效利用并降低防水膜的生产成本，还能减少人类对化石燃料的依赖；另一方面，本发明新型的防水膜生产过程环保，避免了传统溶解剂或者稀释剂对环境的污染，制得的防水膜还具有耐磨损、抗拉伸的特性。
(2)本发明一种防水布，该防水布通过布胚与防水膜压延贴合，由此，防水膜赋予普通布胚的防水效果，既实现了资源的回收利用，还拓展了普通布胚的应用领域和范围，丰富了回收资源的利用形式。
(3)本发明一种防水布的制备方法，通过在布胚的一面上上胶，布胚的另一面压延贴合防水膜，由此制备的防水布具有双重防水效果，既满足了行业标准中对于防水布的防水要求，还能克服传统防水布需要双面上胶以至于防水布整体胶粘力不稳定的问题，该防水布粘接性好，耐磨、耐用。
(4)本发明一种防水箱包采用上述防水布制作而成，由此，除了具备良好的防水效果外，该防水箱包还具备粘接性好，耐磨、耐用等特性。
(5)本发明一种全自动防水布生产设备将上述防水膜、防水布的制备过程整合在一个体系中进行生产，减少了物料转运的麻烦，加快了生产流程；另外，该设备还包括自动接取机，自动接取机能够不断将压延后防水布上的防水膜边料运回过滤机，重新进行加热、过滤和压延，既能节约防水膜原料，连续小量运回并添加到过滤机中的防水膜边料，能够减少人工成本，避免一次添加防水膜边料过多造成防水膜局部位置积料严重、形成气斑以及降低良品率等。
附图说明
图1为本发明防水布的生产流程图。
具体实施方式
下面，结合附图以及具体实施方式，对本发明做进一步描述，需要说明的是，在不相冲突的前提下，以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。
一种防水箱包，其最外层包裹着一层防水布，防水布具有极好的防水效果，能够保证箱包外的水无法渗透进箱包内，从而起到保证箱包内的物品不被雨水淋湿，即使掉落到水池中，水也无法立即穿透防水布立即进入箱包内，起到极佳的防水作用。该应用于防水箱包的防水布，包括布胚和防水膜，防水膜通过回收的废弃塑料制备而成，防水膜与布胚压延贴合，由此，防水膜赋予了该布胚防水的效果。
优选地，该布胚的内面涂上一层防水胶，布胚的外面压延贴合有防水膜，由此，制得本发明防水布。通过内层的防水胶结合外层的防水膜能够很好地起到防水作用。传统的防水布采用内外层均涂抹防水胶的形式增强防水效果，但是双面注胶防水时，容易出现胶水粘结稳定性不高的情况，单面注胶防水虽能克服稳定性不高的问题，但是防水等级太低、防水效果不够，达不到行业要求。本发明防水布，通过在布胚的内面上胶，布胚的外面压延贴合防水膜，由此制备的防水布具有双重防水效果，既满足了行业标准中对于防水布的防水要求，还能克服传统防水布需要双面上胶以至于防水布整体胶粘力不稳定的问题，该防水布粘接性好，耐磨、耐用。
该防水布的生产流程见图1，该防水布的整体生产流程在全自动防水布生产设备中完成，整个生产流程包括以下步骤(本生产步骤以实施例1-10共10块不同的防水布为例进行说明)：
第一步：制备单层防水布
取10块布胚，通过全自动防水布生产设备中的上浆机将10块布胚的内面涂上防水胶并于较高温度下烘干，得到单层防水布，所用防水胶为一定质量分数的聚酯多元醇，包括聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸乙二醇-丙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇和聚碳酸-1,6-己二醇酯二醇，余量为水，具体的聚酯多元醇配方及比例见表1，烘干温度以及烘干时间见于表1。烘干后的上胶布胚即为单层防水布。
表1
第二步：制备与实施例1-10中的防水膜
取占总重量的质量百分数如表2所示配比的重质碳酸钙、回收灰线皮、回收碎红毯、回收大棚薄膜、回收墙纸、对苯二甲酸二辛脂、辛醇、硬脂酸、稳定剂和调色剂；此处稳定剂为氧化铅与碳酸钡组成的复合稳定剂，调色剂为宝红、酞青蓝和炭黑中的至少一种。
灰线皮为常见聚氯乙烯线皮、聚烯烃(聚乙烯及其衍生物)线皮、氟塑料线皮、聚全氟异丙烯或者四氯乙烯线皮中，本实施例中回收的灰线皮为上述几种灰线皮的条状、块状、片状混合物。红毯为常见的尼龙纤维红毯、聚丙烯红毯、丙纶红毯和腈纶红毯，本实施例中回收的碎红毯为上述几种红毯的条状、块状、片状混合物。大棚薄膜为常见的聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚乙烯薄膜、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物薄膜、聚丙烯薄膜和聚苯乙烯薄膜，本实施例中回收的大棚薄膜为上述几种大棚薄膜的条状、块状、片状混合物。墙纸为常见的聚氯乙烯墙纸，本实施例中回收的墙纸为上述几种墙纸的条状、块状、片状混合物。
表2
将上述实施例1-10中的各组分通过高速混合机混合均匀后加入密炼机、开炼机内进行密炼、开炼，经开炼机塑化的物料输送到过滤机，其中实施例2、7的出料过60目筛、混炼温度为200℃；实施例3的出料过50目筛、混炼温度为190℃；实施例4的出料过40目筛、混炼温度为180℃；实施例5的出料过70目筛、混炼温度为180℃；实施例1、6的出料过80目筛、混炼温度为220℃；实施例8的出料过90目、混炼温度为190℃；筛实施例9、10的出料过100目筛、混炼温度为220℃。完成过滤后的塑化物料输送到过滤机进一步加热并过滤掉其中的难溶物等杂志，得到过滤出料混合物并将其输往压延机，等待压延机的进一步压延成本发明利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜。
第三步：制备双层防水布
全自动防水布生产设备通过自身的上浆机将上述防水胶涂抹至布胚上制得实施例1-10共10种单层防水布，进一步将上述第一步制备的实施例1-10共10种单层防水布转移至压延机，同时第二步制备的实施例1-10共10种防水膜对应的过滤出料混合物也转送至压延机。由此，压延机将每一实施例中的防水膜对应的过滤出料混合物压延贴合到对应的单层防水布未上胶的一面上，实施例1、4、7的压延温度为150℃，实施例2、5、8的压延温度为155℃，实施例3、6、9、10的压延温度为160℃，由此制得本发明利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜及对应贴合在布胚上的防水布。
该全自动防水布生产设备还包括自动接取机，即塑化物料压延贴合到布胚上后，未贴合在布胚上的防水膜边料被自动切割下来并掉落到自动接取机的传送带上，自动接取机通过传送带不断将边料运回过滤机，由此将边料进一步加热塑化、过滤，并再次转送至压延机，等待压延贴合到单层防水布上。自动接取机能够不断将压延后防水布上的防水膜边料运回过滤机，重新进行压延，既能节约防水膜原料，还能够减少人工成本，连续小量运回并添加到过滤机中的防水膜边料，使得边料能够较均匀的塑化，防止边料的塑化不均匀，避免一次添加防水膜边料过多造成防水膜局部位置积料严重、形成气斑以及降低良品率等等。
将实施例1-10制备的防水布及普通防水布进行抗拉伸试验，试验方法如下：
1)接通微电脑拉力试验机(型号为GT-7010-AEP)的电源。
2)按照微电脑拉力试验机使用说明书要求夹持实施例1-10共10块防水布匹，同时设定好上下限设定钮之间的位置，将上夹具夹紧防水布的一端，下夹具夹紧防水布的另一端，通过操作面板上的控制按钮调节上下夹具之间的距离。
3)开始测试，上下夹具向两端移动直至撕裂防水布，机台自动停机，读出记录显示屏显示力量最大值，计算防水布抗拉伸强度，结果如表3所示。
将实施例1-10制备的防水布进行摩擦磨损试验，试验方法如下：
采用FALEX四球磨损测定仪进行摩擦磨损试验。设定荷载系统为10kg，速度为1000rpm，测定防水膜破损时间。摩擦磨损试验结果见表3.
将实施例1-10制备的防水布及普通防水布进行喷头式淋水试验，试验方法如下：
试验设备：手持式淋水溅水试验装置。
试样放置：使试验顶部到手持喷头喷水口的平行距离在300mm至500mm之间。
试验条件：试验时应安装带平衡重物的挡板，水流量为10L/min，使水流直射向待测样品的表面。
试验时间：按被检防水布表面积计算，每平方米为1min(不包括安装面积)，最少5min。
0：没有保护
1：水滴滴入到外表面能渗透进入
2：可于短时间内耐浸水
3：于一定压力下长时间浸水
4：水滴无法穿透防水膜
喷头式淋水试验的结果见表3。
表3
由表3结果可知，该利用利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜具有相当优良的耐磨损性，以至于赋予该防水布较好的耐磨损性能，持久、耐用。该防水布相比于普通的防水布(即双层涂抹防水胶的布)具有更好的防水性能和抗拉伸性能，进一步增强了该防水布的持久、耐用性能。相比于普通防水布，实施例1-10的防水布均具有更好的防水性能。其中，实施例2兼具有最佳的抗拉伸强度以及较强的耐磨损性能，防水试验结果也表现的极为优秀，可作为最佳实施例并广泛应用于生产实践中。
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明保护的范围，本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种利用废旧塑料制备的防水膜，其特征在于由下列质量百分数配比的组分制成：重质碳酸钙35～60％、回收的灰线皮10～30％、回收的碎红毯10～30％、回收的大棚薄膜5～15％、回收的墙纸5～10％、塑化剂2～6％、硬脂酸0.1～2％、稳定剂0.2～2％和调色剂0.2～2％；
所述塑化剂为对苯二甲酸二辛酯或者对苯二甲酸二辛酯与辛醇的混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的防水膜，其特征在于由下列质量百分数配比的组分制成：重质碳酸钙40～50％、回收的灰线皮15～25％、回收的碎红毯15～20％、回收的大棚薄膜7～10％、回收的墙纸5～7％、对苯二甲酸二辛酯1～6％、辛醇0～1.5％、硬脂酸0.2～1％、稳定剂0.4～1％和调色剂0.8～1.8％；
上述组分混合均匀后于180～220℃混炼，然后过40～100目筛，压延成防水膜；
所述稳定剂为氧化铅与碳酸钡以任意比例组成的复合稳定剂，所述调色剂为宝红、酞青蓝和炭黑中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求2述的防水膜，其特征在于由下列质量百分数配比的组分制成：重质碳酸钙40％、回收的灰线皮25％、回收的碎红毯15％、回收的大棚薄膜10％、回收的墙纸5％、对苯二甲酸二辛酯2％、硬脂酸0.5％、氧化铅0.2％、碳酸钡0.8％、宝红0.2％、酞青蓝0.3％和炭黑1％；
所述混炼温度为200℃混炼，然后过60目筛。
4.一种防水布，其特征在于：包括布胚和权利要求1-3任一项所述的防水膜，所述防水膜与所述布胚压延贴合。
5.如权利要求4所述的防水布，其特征在于：所述布胚的一面涂上一层防水胶，所述布胚的另一面压延贴合有所述防水膜。
6.一种如权利要求5所述的防水布的制备方法，包括以下步骤，
上浆：将布胚的一面涂上防水胶并于160-180℃条件下烘干5-20min，得到单层防水布；
压延：将制备的单层防水布的另一面通过压延方式与防水膜贴合，所述压延温度为150-160℃，得到双层防水布。
7.如权利要求6所述的防水布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述防水胶为环保水胶，所述环保水胶包括20～50％的聚酯多元醇，余量为水。
8.如权利要求6所述的防水布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述环保水胶包括30％的聚酯多元醇，余量为水；
所述烘干温度为170℃，烘干时间为10min；所述压延温度为155℃。
9.一种防水箱包，其特征在于：包括权利要求4-5任一项所述的防水布。
10.权利要求6-8任一项所述的防水布的制备方法中用的一种全自动防水布生产设备，其特征在于：所述设备包括上浆机、压延机、过滤机和自动接取机；
所述上浆机用于为布胚上防水胶，制得单层防水布；
所述过滤机用于滤除混炼后的混合物中的异物，制得过滤出料混合物；
所述压延机用于将所述过滤出料混合物压延贴合到所述单层防水布未上胶的一面，制得双层防水布；
所述自动接取机用于连续收集压延机上过滤出料混合物压延贴合到单层防水布后剩下的边料，并将接取的边料运回过滤机重新进行加热、过滤。
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