CN108080005B - 一种高催化活性电催化剂1t’相硫化钨的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨的制备方法，将钨酸铵和硫脲溶于高沸点溶剂中，在惰性气体保护下加热到100‑120℃，然后再于280‑320℃下反应后自然冷却至室温，加入乙醇，过滤得到滤饼，将滤饼洗涤、干燥，得到高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨。本发明通过将钨酸铵与硫脲溶于高沸点溶剂中，经过加热处理，得到尺寸分布均匀的金属1T’相WS2纳米颗粒自组装体。本发明制得的1T’相WS2产物均具有结晶度高、形貌和尺寸均一，无团聚，在非极性溶剂中分散性好的优点。由于1T’相WS2具有较高的导电性和较多的催化活性位点，从而使其作为电催化剂展现出优异的析氢反应活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料化学技术领域，具体涉及一种高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨的制备方法。
背景技术
电催化析氢反应是清洁能源转换领域的一个重要手段。铂/碳催化剂是目前的标准催化剂，但稀缺性和高成本限制了其大规模应用。因此，人们不断努力，试图找到新型的非铂类催化剂，却依旧处于未成熟的发展阶段。其中，最大的障碍便是催化剂的稳定性。同常规的铂类催化剂相比，非铂类催化剂在初始阶段尚能表现出良好的催化性能，并且具有成本低的优势，但其催化活性随时间快速降低，导致其性价比降低。除了贵金属，拥有层状结构的过渡金属二硫属化合物同样具有优异的析氢催化活性，尤其是金属相(1T和1T’)MoS2和WS2。其中，锂离子剥离法制备的金属1T相MoS2和WS2比常规半导体2H相表现出更好的析氢催化性能。
WS2作为层状过渡金属二硫属化合物家族的重要一员，有着广泛的应用，包括固态润滑剂，场效应晶体管，电催化以及光催化。目前为止，合成金属1T’相WS2的制备方法包括：化学剥离法、溶剂热法、胶体合成法。在这些合成方法中，胶体合成法制备的金属相WS2可以在溶液中稳定长达3个月。这远远高出了通过化学剥离法制备的金属1T相的WS2，其只能在溶液中维持12天。12天后，1T相便会转化为2H相，同时伴随着电催化活性的降低。但是，通过胶体法合成的纳米材料，由于其表面包覆着一层疏水性的有机配体/表面活性剂，这大大局限了后期应用。因此，表面修饰便显得十分重要，如何可控地对表面进行修饰，同时还要保证其金属相稳定性不受影响，是实现其大规模应用的重中之重。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨的制备方法，该方法制得的WS2纳米颗粒具有金属1T’相结构，并且合成的WS2样品尺寸均一、无团聚、易分散于非极性溶剂等一系列优点。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
将钨酸铵和硫脲溶于高沸点溶剂中，其中钨酸铵与硫脲的物质的量比为1：3；钨酸铵与高沸点溶剂的物质的量比为1：50-100，在惰性气体保护下加热到100-120℃，然后再于280-320℃下反应60-90分钟，自然冷却至室温后，加入乙醇，过滤得到滤饼，将滤饼洗涤、干燥，得到高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨。
所述高沸点溶剂为十二烷基胺、十六烷基胺、十八烷基胺或油胺中的一种或两种任意比例的混合物。
所述惰性气体为氮气。
所述钨酸铵与乙醇的比为1mmol：250mL。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果：
1、本发明通过将钨酸铵与硫脲溶于高沸点溶剂中，经过加热处理，得到尺寸均匀、相态可调，粒径大小为120-170nm，并且具有金属1T’相的WS2纳米颗粒，此外，本发明制得的1T’相硫化钨纳米颗粒具有结晶度高、相态纯净，形貌和尺寸均一，无团聚，在非极性溶剂中分散性好的优点。克服了传统的通过锂插层法制备的金属1T’相WS2的稳定性问题，制备的金属1T’相WS2纳米颗粒具有尺寸均匀、分散性好、且在溶液中长期稳定。
2、本发明的反应条件温和，操作简单，成本低，适于大规模工业化生产。本发明还可以容易拓展到其他过渡金属硫化物功能纳米结构的制备。
3、本发明制得的1T’相硫化钨纳米颗粒具有较高的导电性和较多的催化活性位点。通过巯基类溶剂对其表面改性后，可以得到在极性溶液中稳定存在的金属1T’相WS2纳米颗粒。作为电催化剂在电催化方面表现出优异的析氢性能，例如：低的起始过电位，小的Tafel斜率以及好的稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制得的1T’相硫化钨的X射线衍射图。
图2为本发明实施例1制得的金属1T’相WS2纳米颗粒的透射电镜照片。
图3为本发明制得的金属1T’相WS2纳米颗粒电催化稳定性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
将0.2mmol的钨酸铵和0.6mmol的硫脲溶于20mmol的高沸点溶剂十八烷基胺，在氮气保护下加热到100℃待溶液变为淡黄色后，然后再于280℃下反应60分钟，自然冷却至室温后，加入50mL的乙醇，过滤得到滤饼，将滤饼洗涤、干燥，得到尺寸大小为160nm的黑色粉末，即为高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨。
参见图1，制备的产物经粉末X射线衍射鉴定为金属1T’相WS2。
参见图2，用透射电镜观察到该产品为球体纳米颗粒，尺寸大小为160nm。
实施例2：
将0.2mmol的钨酸铵和0.6mmol的硫脲溶于10mmol的高沸点溶剂十六烷基胺，在氮气保护下加热到120℃待溶液变为淡黄色后，然后再于300℃下反应90分钟，自然冷却至室温后，加入50mL的乙醇，过滤得到滤饼，将滤饼洗涤、干燥，得到高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨。
实施例3：
将0.2mmol的钨酸铵和0.6mmol的硫脲溶于20mmol的高沸点溶剂十二烷和油胺的混合溶剂，在氮气保护下加热到120℃待溶液变为淡黄色后，然后再于300℃下反应60分钟，自然冷却至室温后，加入50mL的乙醇，过滤得到滤饼，将滤饼洗涤、干燥，得到高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨。
实施例4：
将0.2mmol的钨酸铵和0.6mmol的硫脲溶于15mmol的高沸点溶剂十二烷，在氮气保护下加热到105℃待溶液变为淡黄色后，然后再于310℃下反应70分钟，自然冷却至室温后，加入50mL的乙醇，过滤得到滤饼，将滤饼洗涤、干燥，得到高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨。
实施例5：
将0.2mmol的钨酸铵和0.6mmol的硫脲溶于13mmol的高沸点溶剂油胺，在氮气保护下加热到115℃待溶液变为淡黄色后，然后再于290℃下反应80分钟，自然冷却至室温后，加入50mL的乙醇，过滤得到滤饼，将滤饼洗涤、干燥，得到高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨。
实施例6：
将0.2mmol的钨酸铵和0.6mmol的硫脲溶于18mmol的高沸点溶剂十八烷基胺，在氮气保护下加热到110℃待溶液变为淡黄色后，然后再于320℃下反应70分钟，自然冷却至室温后，加入50mL的乙醇，过滤得到滤饼，将滤饼洗涤、干燥，得到高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨。
本发明利用湿化学的合成方法，在高沸点溶剂中，通过调控前驱体热分解-硫化过程和溶剂的组成，实现对晶体成核和生长过程的控制，一步可以获得高度晶化、尺寸均一可调、形貌可控、无团聚、易分散于非极性溶剂、具有金属1T’相的WS2纳米颗粒自组装体。通过对1T’相WS2纳米颗表面功能化处理，可以得到稳定分散在水、乙醇等极性溶剂中的WS2纳米颗粒，为其在生物标记和电催化方面的应用提供了可能性。
图3采用电化学工作站通过连续电解12h，测试了1T’相WS2的电催化稳定性。在静态电位-0.3V下，经过连续12h的析氢反应后，1T’相WS2的电流密度仅仅下降了8％，说明本发明制备的催化剂具有优异的稳定性。
Claims (3)
1.一种高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨的制备方法，其特征在于：将钨酸铵和硫脲溶于高沸点溶剂中，其中钨酸铵与硫脲的物质的量比为1：3；钨酸铵与高沸点溶剂的物质的量比为1：50-100，在惰性气体保护下加热到100-120℃，然后再于280-320℃下反应60-90分钟，自然冷却至室温后，加入乙醇，过滤得到滤饼，将滤饼洗涤、干燥，得到高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨，其中所述高沸点溶剂为十二烷基胺、十六烷基胺、十八烷基胺或油胺中的一种或两种任意比例的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨的制备方法，其特征在于：所述惰性气体为氮气。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高催化活性电催化剂1T’相硫化钨的制备方法，其特征在于：所述钨酸铵与乙醇的比为1mmol：250mL。
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| CN114835163B (zh) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-07-21 | 南京邮电大学 | 一种面向水质净化的新型硫化钨光热材料及其制备和应用 |
| CN114917934A (zh) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种应用于悬浮床重油加氢裂化的钨基催化剂制备方法 |
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