CN108072357A - There is the spirit level and its application method of the measurement of instrument high precision - Google Patents
There is the spirit level and its application method of the measurement of instrument high precision Download PDFInfo
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- CN108072357A CN108072357A CN201710146415.3A CN201710146415A CN108072357A CN 108072357 A CN108072357 A CN 108072357A CN 201710146415 A CN201710146415 A CN 201710146415A CN 108072357 A CN108072357 A CN 108072357A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- spirit level
- telescopic rod
- points
- measurement
- high precision
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
Abstract
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are how accurately surveyor's level instrument is high.There is the spirit level of instrument high precision measurement, including spirit level, telescopic rod and optical micrometer, telescopic rod is vertically mounted under the pedestal of spirit level, and telescopic rod is hollow structure, and optical micrometer is mounted on the outside of telescopic rod, there is scale in telescopic rod lower end, and telescopic rod lower end is substrate and appropriate counterweight.The invention has the advantages that：The elevation of spirit level is known, reduces the measurement of higher degree step on the datum mark, and measurement efficiency is double；After spirit level essence is flat, telescopic rod and two plane exact verticals of pedestal and the earth, secondly telescopic rod stretch out always with ground reference point close contact, and the measurement accuracy of optical micrometer is very high, the common guarantee precision of institute's survey instrument elevation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, the especially high measurements of spirit level instrument.
Background technology
Spirit level is to establish the instrument that horizontal line of sight measures ground point-to-point transmission height difference.Principle is to be surveyed according to measurement of the level principle
Height difference between amount ground point.Critical piece has telescope, pipe spirit level（Or compensator）, vertical axis, pedestal, foot screw.By structure
It is divided into tilting level, automatic compensated level, laser level and electronic level.It is divided into precision level and general by precision
Logical spirit level.
It determines the measurement work of ground point elevation, is known as the measurement of higher degree.The measurement of higher degree be again three groundworks of measurement it
One.According to the difference for using instrument and Metrical Method, the measurement of higher degree can be divided into the measurement of the level, trigonometric levelling and air pressure elevation
Measurement.Elevation is measured with spirit level, is known as the measurement of the level, it is method the most frequently used, most accurate in the measurement of higher degree.
The basic principle of the measurement of the level provides " horizontal line of sight " using spirit level, measures point-to-point transmission height difference, thus by
Known point height extrapolates unknown point height.
At present, usually elevation is measured with high differentiation.If the elevation HA, the elevation HB of B points to be measured, then in A, B of known A points
Two rulers, and the instrument for disposing a frame that can obtain horizontal line of sight between A, B at 2 points are erect on 2 points.Assuming that spirit level
Position readings of the horizontal line of sight on ruler are respectively A rulers（Backsight）Reading is a, B rulers（Forward sight）Reading is b, then 2 points of A, B it
Between depth displacement（Abbreviation height difference hAB）For
hAB =a-b （1）
Then the elevation HB of B points is
HB=HA+hAB （2）
HB=HA+hAB= HA +a-h （3）
The continuous measurement of the level.In the actual measurement of the level, A, B point-to-point transmission height difference are larger or apart from each other, dispose a spirit level
The height difference between 2 points cannot be measured.At this time it is necessary to add several necessary interim point of staff along the leveling line of A, B,
That is turning point（As elevation transference）.Spirit level is continuously disposed to survey among two vertical rulers successively according to the principle of the measurement of the level
Determine height difference between adjacent spots, summation obtains the high difference of A, B point-to-point transmission.
In the high differentiation that measurement elevation uses at present, since spirit level instrument height is unknown, 2 points of height is measured every time
Path difference must all set up spirit level to measure 2 points of staff reading between two points, and such measurement efficiency is restricted.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are how accurately surveyor's level instrument is high.
There is the spirit level of instrument high precision measurement, including spirit level, telescopic rod and optical micrometer, telescopic rod hang down
Straight telescopic rod is hollow structure under the pedestal of spirit level, and optical micrometer is mounted on the outside of telescopic rod, telescopic rod lower end
There is scale, telescopic rod lower end is substrate and appropriate counterweight.Preferably, spirit level is optical level, and telescopic rod is by two sections of quarter butts
It concatenates, the scale of telescopic rod lower end matches with the scale of levelling rod.Preferably, the cross section of telescopic rod is positive triangle
Shape.Preferably, transparent glass pedestal is installed between optical micrometer and telescopic rod.Preferably, substrate is fixedly mounted on flexible
Bar lower end.Preferably, substrate is cylinder.Preferably, substrate is detachable.Preferably, screens spiral shell is installed on telescopic rod
Silk.Preferably, the cross section of telescopic rod epimere quarter butt is more than hypomere quarter butt, and optical micrometer is mounted on epimere quarter butt.The water
Quasi- instrument application method：A. spirit level is set up, stretchs out telescopic rod, its bottom is made to touch terrestrial reference；B. it is thick flat；C. take aim at roughly
Accurate, focusing, fine sight；D. essence is flat；E. reading；F. instrument height, the reading that record optical micrometer is shown, computing equipment are measured
It is high；G. measurement of higher degree principle and step, it is known that the elevation HA, the elevation HB of B points to be measured of A points then erect level on A points
Ruler disposes a frame that can obtain the spirit level of horizontal line of sight between B points, it is assumed that position of the horizontal line of sight of spirit level on ruler
It is respectively that A rulers reading is a, a height of h of spirit level instrument to put reading,Then the elevation HB of B points is
HB=HA+hAB= HA +a-h
Telescope measurement C ruler reading c are rotated afterwards, then using B points or A points as known point, then the height with high differentiation calculating C points
Journey disposes spirit level in D points again after having surveyed, cycles measurement with this and go down.
The present invention has the advantages that as a result of above technical scheme：The elevation of spirit level is known, is subtracted
The measurement of higher degree step on the datum mark is lacked, measurement efficiency is double；After spirit level essence is flat, telescopic rod and pedestal and the earth two are flat
Face exact vertical, secondly telescopic rod is stretched out always is in close contact with ground reference point, and the measurement accuracy of optical micrometer is very high,
The common guarantee precision of institute's survey instrument elevation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the spirit level overall structure diagram for having the function of the measurement of instrument high precision；
Fig. 2 is spirit level and telescopic rod coupling part structure diagram；
Fig. 3 is telescopic rod bottom part partial enlargement structural representation；
Fig. 4 is telescopic rod and optical micrometer part-structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is current measurement of higher degree high differentiation principle schematic；
Fig. 6 is the measurement of higher degree high differentiation principle schematic of the present invention；
In figure：1. spirit level, 2. telescopic rods, 3. optical micrometers, 4. pedestals, 5. cylindrical bases, 6. screens screws, 7. thoroughly
Bright glass base, 8. scales.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1, as shown in attached drawing 1-4.
There is the spirit level of instrument high precision measurement, including spirit level, telescopic rod and optical micrometer, telescopic rod hang down
Straight telescopic rod is hollow structure under the pedestal of spirit level, and optical micrometer is mounted on the outside of telescopic rod, telescopic rod lower end
There is scale, telescopic rod lower end is substrate and appropriate counterweight.
The appropriate counterweight in telescopic rod lower end adds in longitudinal spring in telescopic rod, can ensure telescopic rod bottom and ground
The face datum mark moment keeps contact, reduces measurement error.The present apparatus also can be used for miscellaneous equipment or position height measurement and
Monitoring in real time.Preferably, spirit level is optical level, and telescopic rod is concatenated by two sections of quarter butts, the scale of telescopic rod lower end
Match with the scale of levelling rod.The reasons why only two sections of quarter butt concatenations is that first, two sections of concatenations can be by telescopic rod height tune
General enough to use to below 80mm, secondly, multistage concatenates the verticality for being more difficult to guarantee its junction, can bring the survey of bigger
Measure error.It is in order to enable measuring scale can be matched with levelling rod that the scale of measuring scale matches with the scale of levelling rod.
Preferably, the cross section of telescopic rod is equilateral triangle.The reasons why telescopic rod cross section is equilateral triangle is, in materials and dosage phase
With in the case of, the polygonized structures such as triangle is more circular are more stable, are not likely to produce Bending Deformation.Preferably, optical micrometer with
Transparent glass pedestal is installed between telescopic rod.This is to increase the light needed for reading, and light filling can be also installed in pedestal
Lamp, light compensating lamp manual switch or adds optical switch according to light intensity automatic switch.Since object distance is constant, optics is surveyed
Micro- device can be fixedly mounted by its focal length, make the scale on the quarter butt of telescopic rod lower end as being in clearly on eyepiece graticule.Optics
Mircrometer gauge is made of components such as parallel plate, mircrometer gauge calibrated dial, drive link and micrometer screws.Parallel plate drive link with
Micrometer is connected.There are 100 lattices on micrometer, it is corresponding with 10mm, i.e., is 0.1mm per lattice, can estimate reading
To 0.01mm.Every 10 lattice have longer division line and annotation number, and the lattice value between every two long division line is 1mm.Work as parallel plate
When orthogonal with horizontal line of sight, initial reading is 5mm on micrometer.When rotating micrometer screw, drive link just drives parallel glass
Glass plate is bent forward and backward compared with object lens, and it is corresponding mobile that micrometer is driven to make simultaneously.Parallel plate is compared with object
Mirror is bent forward and backward, and horizontal line of sight will move in parallel up or down.If reversing micrometer screw, bow before making parallel plate
It is moved to micrometer at 10mm, then horizontal line of sight translates downwards 5mm, conversely, after clockwise micrometer screw makes parallel plate
It faces upward micrometer to move at 0mm, then horizontal line of sight translates up 5mm.Micrometer number reading method is the same as precision optics spirit level：Rotation
Turn micrometer knob, plate glass can be tilted, be moved up and down so as to cause sight, make graduation plate level horizontal hair and telescopic rod lower end
Scale on nearest centimetre lattice value overlap, then scale reading and micrometer reading are read from magnifier for reading（Centimetre value is straight
It connects and is read from mircrometer gauge, millimeter value is read from the micrometer of mircrometer gauge）, the two is added up to institute's measured value.Preferably, substrate
It is fixedly mounted on telescopic rod lower end.Preferably, substrate is cylinder.In order to reduce influence of the glass refraction to laser alignment, base
Base thickness degree cannot be excessive, and the glass material that refractive index is small and intensity is high is selected with appropriate to the occasion.Preferably, substrate is detachable.It is excellent
Selection of land is equipped with screens screw on telescopic rod.Screens screw is for shrinking fixation, convenient for placing after being finished.Preferably, telescopic rod
The cross section of epimere quarter butt is more than hypomere quarter butt, and optical micrometer is mounted on epimere quarter butt.The spirit level application method：A. frame
If spirit level stretchs out telescopic rod, its bottom is made to touch terrestrial reference；B. it is thick flat；C. it is rough to aim at, focus, fine sight；d.
Essence is flat；E. reading；F. instrument height, the reading that record optical micrometer is shown, computing equipment height are measured；G. measurement of higher degree principle with
Step, it is known that the elevation HA of A points, the elevation HB of B points to be measured then erect levelling rod on A points, a frame disposed between B points
It can obtain the spirit level of horizontal line of sight, it is assumed that position readings of the horizontal line of sight of spirit level on ruler are respectively A ruler readings
For a, a height of h of spirit level instrument,Then the elevation HB of B points is
HB=HA+hAB= HA +a-h
Telescope measurement C ruler reading c are rotated afterwards, then using B points or A points as known point, then the height with high differentiation calculating C points
Journey disposes spirit level in D points again after having surveyed, cycles measurement with this and go down.
The measurement of higher degree principle and step of the present invention is explained in detail below.
High differentiation, i.e., the method that tested point elevation is calculated using height difference.Here, with the current high differentiation generally used into
Row comparative illustration.
Current high differentiation principle as shown in figure 5, its measuring process with computational methods as stated in the Background Art.
The high differentiation principle of the present invention is equivalent to as shown in fig. 6, since the high h of spirit level instrument of the present invention is known
B ruler reading b in high differentiation at present, i.e., need not measure B rulers（Forward sight）Reading b, the then depth displacement between 2 points of A, B（It is referred to as high
Poor hAB）For
hAB=a-h （4）
Then the elevation HB of B points is
HB=HA+hAB （5）
Then the elevation HB of B points is
HB=HA+hAB= HA +a-h （6）
Current and the present invention measuring process comparison is understood that the elevation HB of the invention in measurement B points, spirit level only measures
A rulers（Backsight）Reading a, when C rulers on rotation collimation telescope C points, you can measurement C rulers（Forward sight）Reading c, then with B points or A
Point is known point, then the elevation of C points is calculated with high differentiation.In this way, eliminating the measurement of B point heights, measurement efficiency is double.
Claims (10)
1. there is the spirit level of instrument high precision measurement, it is characterized in that including spirit level, telescopic rod and optical micrometer are stretched
Contracting bar is vertically mounted under the pedestal of spirit level, and telescopic rod is hollow structure, and optical micrometer is mounted on the outside of telescopic rod, is stretched
There is scale in bar lower end, and telescopic rod lower end is substrate and appropriate counterweight.
2. according to the spirit level that there is instrument high precision and measure described in claim 1, it is characterized in that spirit level is light
Spirit level is learned, telescopic rod is concatenated by two sections of quarter butts, and the scale of telescopic rod lower end matches with the scale of levelling rod.
3. according to the spirit level that there is instrument high precision and measure described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that telescopic rod
Cross section is equilateral triangle.
4. according to the spirit level that there is instrument high precision and measure described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that optics micrometer
Transparent glass pedestal is installed between device and telescopic rod.
5. according to the spirit level that there is instrument high precision and measure described in claim 1, it is characterized in that substrate fixes peace
Mounted in telescopic rod lower end.
6. according to the spirit level that there is instrument high precision and measure described in claim 5, it is characterized in that substrate is cylinder
Shape.
7. according to the spirit level that there is instrument high precision and measure described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that substrate is removable
Unload replacement.
8. according to the spirit level that there is instrument high precision and measure described in claim 1, it is characterized in that pacifying on telescopic rod
Equipped with screens screw.
9. according to the spirit level that there is instrument high precision and measure described in claim 2, it is characterized in that telescopic rod epimere
The cross section of quarter butt is more than hypomere quarter butt, and optical micrometer is mounted on epimere quarter butt.
10. according to the spirit level that there is instrument high precision and measure described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the spirit level makes
Use method：A. spirit level is set up, stretchs out telescopic rod, its bottom is made to touch terrestrial reference；B. it is thick flat；C. aim at roughly, focus,
Fine sight；D. essence is flat；E. reading；F. instrument height, the reading that record optical micrometer is shown, computing equipment height are measured；G. it is high
Journey measuring principle and step, it is known that the elevation HA, the elevation HB of B points to be measured of A points then erect levelling rod, in B points on A points
Between dispose a frame that can obtain the spirit level of horizontal line of sight, it is assumed that the horizontal line of sight of the spirit level position readings on ruler point
Not Wei A ruler readings be a, a height of h of spirit level instrument,Then the elevation HB of B points is
HB=HA+hAB= HA +a-h
Telescope measurement C ruler reading c are rotated afterwards, then using B points or A points as known point, then the height with high differentiation calculating C points
Journey disposes spirit level in D points again after having surveyed, cycles measurement with this and go down.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710146415.3A CN108072357B (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Level gauge with high-precision measuring function of instrument and using method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710146415.3A CN108072357B (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Level gauge with high-precision measuring function of instrument and using method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108072357A true CN108072357A (en) | 2018-05-25 |
| CN108072357B CN108072357B (en) | 2020-04-21 |
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ID=62159250
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710146415.3A Active CN108072357B (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Level gauge with high-precision measuring function of instrument and using method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108645376A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-12 | 中铁大桥局第七工程有限公司 | A kind of telescopic leveling device and its detection method |
| CN110296681A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-10-01 | 广州市天驰测绘技术有限公司 | A kind of instrument of surveying and mapping and its mapping method |
| CN116592846A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-08-15 | 昆山开发区建设工程检测有限公司 | Perpendicularity detection device for engineering quality detection |
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| CN104677335A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-06-03 | 宁波舜宇测绘科技有限公司 | Rapid level gauge level-djusting structure |
| CN205384023U (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-13 | 四川建筑职业技术学院 | Placer is fixed to surveyor's level for building |
| CN106123847A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-16 | 苏州华徕光电仪器有限公司 | Optical level |
| CN206514843U (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-09-22 | 湖南科技大学 | The spirit level of function is measured with instrument high precision |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| CN203323745U (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-04 | 苏州凤凰索卡亚光电科技有限公司 | Optical parallel plate micrometer |
| CN204064297U (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-12-31 | 刘雁春 | Multi-functional duplex measurement bar |
| CN104677335A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-06-03 | 宁波舜宇测绘科技有限公司 | Rapid level gauge level-djusting structure |
| CN205384023U (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-13 | 四川建筑职业技术学院 | Placer is fixed to surveyor's level for building |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108645376A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-12 | 中铁大桥局第七工程有限公司 | A kind of telescopic leveling device and its detection method |
| CN110296681A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-10-01 | 广州市天驰测绘技术有限公司 | A kind of instrument of surveying and mapping and its mapping method |
| CN116592846A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-08-15 | 昆山开发区建设工程检测有限公司 | Perpendicularity detection device for engineering quality detection |
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|---|---|
| CN108072357B (en) | 2020-04-21 |
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