CN108020203B - Electronic level with instrument high real-time accurate measurement function and use method thereof - Google Patents
Electronic level with instrument high real-time accurate measurement function and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108020203B CN108020203B CN201710146904.9A CN201710146904A CN108020203B CN 108020203 B CN108020203 B CN 108020203B CN 201710146904 A CN201710146904 A CN 201710146904A CN 108020203 B CN108020203 B CN 108020203B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to accurately measure the height of an electronic level instrument. The utility model provides an electronic level with instrument high real-time accurate measurement function, includes electronic level, extends the base, dipperstick and camera, extends the base and is the horizontal extension body of electronic level base, has the perforation chi cover of a vertical direction on the extension base, and the dipperstick passes from the perforation chi cover, and the camera is installed on extending the base, links to each other through wired or wireless mode with electronic level, towards the scale surface of dipperstick, and the dipperstick lower extreme is the basement. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the electronic level self-image reading function is utilized to read the instrument, the measurement precision is high, and a large amount of cost is saved; the elevation of the electronic level is known, so that the step of measuring the elevation on the datum point is reduced, and the measuring efficiency is doubled; after the electronic level is precisely leveled, the measuring ruler is strictly vertical to the two planes of the extension base and the ground, the measuring ruler is always extended to be in close contact with the ground datum point, and the measuring precision of the camera is very high, so that the precision of the elevation of the measured instrument is commonly guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to measurement of the height of an electronic level instrument.
Background
The level gauge is an instrument for measuring the height difference between two points of the ground by establishing a horizontal sight line. The principle is to measure the height difference between ground points according to the leveling principle. The main components are telescope, tube level (or compensator), vertical shaft, base and foot screw. The structure of the device is divided into a slight inclination level, an automatic leveling level, a laser level and an electronic level. The precision level gauge is divided into a precision level gauge and a common level gauge according to the precision.
Currently, the aiming scale and focusing of an electronic level are still needed to be visually carried out. After manual debugging, the scale bar code is imaged on a telescope differentiating plate for visual observation, and on the other hand, the scale bar code is imaged on a photoelectric sensor (also called a detector) through a spectroscope of the telescope to read out the electronic data. Because the bar code patterns coded by the scales of all factories are different, the bar code scales cannot be used in an intercommunicating way. When using traditional levelling staff for measurements, the electronic level can also be used like a normal automatic levelling level, but the measurement accuracy is lower than the accuracy of the electronic measurement, in particular the precision electronic level, since there is no optical micrometer, the accuracy is lower when used as a normal automatic levelling level.
The current electronic level adopts three automatic electronic reading methods with larger difference in principle: 1) correlation method (Leika NA 3002/3003) 2) geometric method (Zeiss DiNi 10/20) 3) phase method (rubbing DL 101C/102C). Compared with the traditional instrument, the device has the following characteristics:
1) The reading is objective. The problems of error and misrecording are avoided, and the human reading error is avoided.
2) The precision is high. The sight line height and the sight line reading are obtained by processing and averaging a large number of bar code division images, so that the influence of scale division errors is weakened. Most instruments have the function of taking multiple readings and averaging, which can attenuate the effects of external conditions. The unskilled operator can perform high-precision measurement.
3) The speed is high. As the time of reporting, recording and on-site calculation and the retest quantity of human errors are omitted, the measuring time can be saved by about 1/3 compared with the traditional instrument.
4) High efficiency. Only need focusing and button can automatic reading, alleviateed intensity of labour. The vision distance can also be recorded, checked, processed and input into an electronic computer for post-processing, and can be integrated in the solid line industry and the outside industry.
The measurement effort to determine the elevation of a ground point is called elevation measurement. Elevation measurement is one of three basic tasks. Elevation measurements can be categorized into leveling, triangulation, and barometric elevation measurements, depending on the instrument used and the method of application. Leveling is the most common and accurate method of measuring elevation, called leveling.
The basic principle of leveling is to measure the height difference between two points by using the horizontal line of sight provided by the leveling instrument, so that the unknown point elevation is calculated from the known point elevation.
Currently, elevation is commonly measured using a height difference method. If the elevation of the point A is known
Elevation of point B to be measured
Then at
、
Two ruler stands on two points and is arranged on
、
An instrument which can obtain horizontal vision is arranged between the two points. Assume that the level gauge has a horizontal line of sight with a position reading on the ruler of respectively
The reading of the ruler (rearview) is
，
The reading of the ruler (front view) is
Then
、
The difference in elevation between two points (simply referred to as the difference in elevation
) Is that
Then
Elevation of point
Is that
Continuous leveling. In actual leveling, the difference in height between the A, B points is large or far apart, and the difference in height between the two points cannot be measured by placing a level once. It is necessary to add several temporary vertical points, i.e. turning points (serving as transfer elevations) necessary along the levelling path of A, B. And (3) sequentially and continuously arranging a level gauge between the two vertical scales according to the leveling principle to measure the height difference between adjacent points, and summing to obtain the height difference between the A, B points.
In the current elevation difference method for measuring elevation, since the height of a leveling instrument is unknown, a leveling instrument must be erected between two points to measure the readings of a leveling rod at the two points every time the elevation difference at the two points is measured, and thus the measurement efficiency is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to accurately measure the height of an electronic level instrument.
The utility model provides an electronic level with instrument high real-time accurate measurement function, includes electronic level, extends the base, dipperstick and camera, extends the base and is the horizontal extension body of electronic level base, has the perforation chi cover of a vertical direction on the extension base, and the dipperstick passes from the perforation chi cover, and the camera is installed on extending the base, links to each other through wired or wireless mode with electronic level, towards the scale surface of dipperstick, and the dipperstick lower extreme is the basement. Preferably, the scale surface of the measuring scale is provided with a groove in the vertical direction, and the scale is positioned in the groove. Preferably, the cross section of the measuring ruler is rectangular, a round leveling instrument or a tube leveling instrument is arranged at the upper end of the measuring ruler, and two axial directions are mutually perpendicular and are arranged on the perforated ruler sleeveAnd one end of the inner part of the fine tuning screw is nested in the groove in the vertical direction of the measuring ruler. Preferably, the scale of the measuring scale is matched with the scale of the levelling rod. Preferably, the base is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the measuring scale. Preferably, the substrate is cylindrical. Preferably, the substrate is removable for replacement. Preferably, the measuring scale is an indium steel scale. Preferably, the length of the measuring scale is between 1650-1800 mm. The using method of the electronic level comprises the following steps: a. setting up an electronic level, and stretching the measuring ruler to enable the bottom end of the measuring ruler to be contacted with a ground reference; b. rough and flat; c. rough aiming, focusing and accurate aiming; d. flattening; e. reading; f. measuring the instrument height, and reading a photo shot by a camera on an electronic level to obtain the instrument height; g. elevation measurement principle and step, knowing elevation of point A
Elevation of point B to be measured
Then at
Standing a leveling rod on a point, and
an electronic level capable of obtaining horizontal vision is arranged between the points, and the position readings of the horizontal vision of the electronic level on the ruler are respectively
The ruler reading is
The height of the electronic level instrument ish，Then
Elevation of point
Is that
Thereafter, the telescope is rotated for measurementCRuler readingcThen byBDots orAThe points are known points and calculated by a height difference methodCAnd (3) after the elevation of the point is measured, arranging an electronic level at the point D, and circularly measuring.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the electronic level self-image reading function is utilized to read the instrument, the measurement precision is high, and a large amount of cost is saved; the elevation of the electronic level is known, so that the step of measuring the elevation on the datum point is reduced, and the measuring efficiency is doubled; after the electronic level is precisely leveled, the measuring ruler is strictly vertical to the two planes of the extension base and the ground, the measuring ruler is always extended to be in close contact with the ground datum point, and the measuring precision of the camera is very high, so that the precision of the elevation of the measured instrument is commonly guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electronic level with high real-time accurate measurement function of the instrument;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection part of the electronic level and the measuring scale;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a groove structure of the measuring scale;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the fine adjustment screw, the perforated ruler sleeve and the measuring ruler;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the current elevation measurement method;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the elevation measurement method of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the electronic leveling instrument comprises an electronic leveling instrument, a measuring ruler, a camera, an extension base, a cylindrical base, a perforated ruler sleeve, scales, a round leveling instrument, a fine adjustment screw and grooves.
Detailed Description
Example 1, as shown in figures 1-4.
The utility model provides an electronic level with instrument high real-time accurate measurement function, includes electronic level, extends the base, dipperstick and camera, extends the base and is the horizontal extension body of electronic level base, has the perforation chi cover of a vertical direction on the extension base, and the dipperstick passes from the perforation chi cover, and the camera is installed on extending the base, links to each other through wired mode with electronic level, towards the scale surface of dipperstick, and the dipperstick lower extreme is the basement.
Because the object distance is constant, the camera can be fixedly arranged according to the focal length of the camera, so that the scale image on the measuring scale is clearly displayed on the camera. The electronic level is utilized to read the photo data of the camera by the self image reading function, the instrument is measured to be high, the measurement precision is high, and a large amount of cost is saved. The measuring ruler depends on self gravity, so that the bottom end of the measuring ruler can be kept in contact with the ground datum point at any time, measurement errors are reduced, and meanwhile, the small change of the instrument height can be monitored in real time.
Preferably, the scale surface of the measuring scale is provided with a groove in the vertical direction, and the scale is positioned in the groove. This is to avoid wear of the scale surface by sliding within the perforated scale sleeve. Preferably, the cross section of the measuring ruler is rectangular, a round level or a tube level is arranged at the upper end of the measuring ruler, fine-tuning screws which are mutually perpendicular in two axial directions and staggered up and down are arranged on the perforated ruler sleeve, and one end inside the fine-tuning screws is nested in a groove in the vertical direction of the measuring ruler. In this structure, two fine setting spirals do not influence each other in the regulation direction of each, and can push-and-pull dipperstick in the direction of each, have guaranteed that the dipperstick can realize the leveling under the regulation of two fine setting spirals, have guaranteed simultaneously that the dipperstick has little deformation in time, also can insert the perforation chi cover smoothly and carry out the leveling. The leveling gauge is vertical, so that the reading of the displacement meter can be accurately read. Preferably, the scale of the measuring scale is matched with the scale of the levelling rod. This is to enable the measuring scale to be used with a levelling rod.
Preferably, the base is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the measuring scale. Preferably, the substrate is cylindrical. This is to facilitate contact of the substrate with the ground datum. Preferably, the substrate is removable for replacement. Preferably, the measuring scale is an indium steel scale. The indium steel ruler has stable structure and is not easy to deform. Preferably, the measuring scaleThe length is between 1650-1800 mm. The height range accords with the ergonomics during measurement and is convenient to use. The using method of the electronic level comprises the following steps: a. setting up an electronic level, and stretching the measuring ruler to enable the bottom end of the measuring ruler to be contacted with a ground reference; b. rough and flat; c. rough aiming, focusing and accurate aiming; d. flattening; e. reading; f. measuring the instrument height, and reading a photo shot by a camera on an electronic level to obtain the instrument height; g. elevation measurement principle and step, knowing elevation of point A
Elevation of point B to be measured
Then at
Standing a leveling rod on a point, and
an electronic level capable of obtaining horizontal vision is arranged between the points, and the position readings of the horizontal vision of the electronic level on the ruler are respectively
The ruler reading is
The height of the electronic level instrument ish，Then
Elevation of point
Is that
Thereafter, the telescope is rotated for measurementCRuler readingcThen byBDots orAThe points are known points and calculated by a height difference methodCAnd (3) after the elevation of the point is measured, arranging an electronic level at the point D, and circularly measuring.
The following describes the elevation measurement principles and steps of the present invention in detail.
The height difference method is a method for calculating the height of a to-be-measured point by utilizing the height difference. Here, a comparison will be made with a currently widely used level difference method.
The principle of the present level difference method is shown in fig. 5, and the measuring steps and the calculating method are described in the background art.
The principle of the height difference method of the invention is shown in figure 6, because the electronic level instrument of the invention is highhIs known to be equivalent to the current height difference method
Ruler reading
I.e. without measuring
Ruler (front view) reading
Then
、
The difference in elevation between two points (simply referred to as the difference in elevation
) Is that
Then
Elevation of point
Is that
Then
Elevation of point
Is that
As can be seen by comparing the current measurement steps with the measurement steps of the present invention, the present invention is used for measuring
Elevation of point
Electronic level only measures
Ruler (rearview) reading
When the telescope is turned to aimCOn the spotCRuler, i.e. measuringCRuler (front view) readingcThen byBDots orAThe points are known points and calculated by a height difference methodCElevation of the dot. Thus, dispense withBAnd (3) measuring the point elevation, wherein the measuring efficiency is doubled.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a use method of an electronic level with instrument high real-time accurate measurement function, which is characterized by comprising an electronic level, an extension base, a measuring ruler and a camera, wherein the extension base is a horizontal extension body of the base of the electronic level, a perforation ruler sleeve in the vertical direction is arranged on the extension base, the measuring ruler passes through the perforation ruler sleeve, the measuring ruler depends on self gravity and can ensure that the bottom end of the measuring ruler keeps contact with a ground datum point at all times, the camera is arranged on the extension base and is connected with the electronic level in a wired or wireless way and faces to the scale surface of the measuring ruler, the scale of the measuring ruler is matched with the scale of the leveling ruler, the lower end of the measuring ruler is a substrate,
the scale surface of the measuring ruler is provided with a groove in the vertical direction, the scale is positioned in the groove,
the cross section of the measuring ruler is rectangular, the upper end of the measuring ruler is provided with a round level or a tube level, the perforated ruler sleeve is provided with two fine-tuning screws which are mutually vertical in the axial direction and are staggered up and down, one end of the inside of each fine-tuning screw is nested in a groove in the vertical direction of the measuring ruler,
the using method of the electronic level comprises the following steps: a. setting up an electronic level, and stretching the measuring ruler to enable the bottom end of the measuring ruler to be contacted with a ground reference; b. rough and flat; c. rough aiming, focusing and accurate aiming; d. flattening; e. reading; f. measuring the instrument height, reading and recording the height value represented by the image shot by the camera on the electronic level, and calculating the instrument height; g. elevation measurement principle and step, knowing elevation of point AH A Elevation of point B to be measuredH B Standing a leveling rod on the point A, arranging an electronic level capable of obtaining horizontal vision between the point A and the point B, and assuming that the position readings of the horizontal vision of the electronic level on the ruler are respectively the readings of the A rodaThe height of the electronic level instrument ish，Elevation of point BH B The method comprises the following steps:
H B = H A +a-h
then the telescope is rotated to measure the reading of the C rulercThen byBDots orAThe point is known point, the elevation of the point C is calculated by using the elevation difference method, and the point C is measured after the measurement is finishedThe point D is provided with an electronic level, and the measurement is performed in this cycle.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the base is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the measuring scale.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the substrate is cylindrical.
4. A use of an electronic level with high real time precision measuring function according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the base is removable and exchangeable.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the measuring scale is an occluded steel scale.
6. The use of an electronic level with high real-time precision measuring function according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the measuring ruler is between 1650-1800 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710146904.9A CN108020203B (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Electronic level with instrument high real-time accurate measurement function and use method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710146904.9A CN108020203B (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Electronic level with instrument high real-time accurate measurement function and use method thereof |
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| CN108020203A CN108020203A (en) | 2018-05-11 |
| CN108020203B true CN108020203B (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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| CN206601126U (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-10-31 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of electronic level with instrument height real―time precision measurment function |
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