CN108068289A - 用于制造带状物的方法、复合材料以及内饰件 - Google Patents

用于制造带状物的方法、复合材料以及内饰件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108068289A
CN108068289A CN201711126226.6A CN201711126226A CN108068289A CN 108068289 A CN108068289 A CN 108068289A CN 201711126226 A CN201711126226 A CN 201711126226A CN 108068289 A CN108068289 A CN 108068289A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fabric
strap
composite plate
decorative layer
laminated
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201711126226.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
休伯特·勒丁
彼得·维肯斯克特
诺伯特·塞霍夫
迈克·埃文森
迈克尔·韦德勒
斯蒂芬·弗雷
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Ideal Automotive GmbH
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Ideal Automotive GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ideal Automotive GmbH filed Critical Ideal Automotive GmbH
Publication of CN108068289A publication Critical patent/CN108068289A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
    • B29C44/505—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying extruding the compound through a flat die
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造特别适用于制造车辆内饰件(I)的带状的复合材料（17）的方法，包括以下步骤：提供由含至少70重量%的聚烯烃制成的聚合体熔融物，其中所述聚合体熔融物包含至少20重量%的长链支化聚烯烃(HMS‑PP)，给所述聚合体熔融物掺以发泡剂，在使用宽口喷嘴(5)的情况下挤出所述聚合体熔融物，以及冷却并且由此固化层压的带状件(16)。

Description

用于制造带状物的方法、复合材料以及内饰件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造车辆用带状物的方法、复合材料以及内饰件。
背景技术
根据现有技术从文件DE102010049652A1中已知一种用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，泡沫层与多层的泡沫未穿过的覆盖层连接。为了制造复合部件，首先，泡沫未穿过的覆盖层形变，接着通过使覆盖层恢复发泡(Hinterschäumen)来制造泡沫层。
文件DE102010049653A1公开了用于制造复合部件尤其地用于车辆内饰的另一方法。其中，首先将覆盖层置入到发泡模具的半模中。通过对发泡模具的表面施加负压来吸住所述覆盖层。接着通过利用发泡物质背部发泡覆盖层来产生复合部件。作为发泡物质可使用PU泡沫。
从文件DE19720975A1中已知具有高的耐热变形能力的聚烯烃泡沫材料，其适用于制造机动车内室部件，特别是门衬里等。聚烯烃泡沫材料由改性的聚丙烯和非改性的聚丙烯制造。可给聚烯烃泡沫材料添加5至40重量%的填料或者强化材料。
文件US2004/0115420A1公开了超薄的结构嵌板，在其中，嵌板主体由轻量的、可塑的(formbaren)的材料制造。可塑的材料可为膨胀聚丙烯(EPP)。在嵌板主体中置入刚性结构嵌入物。嵌板主体在其下侧处加衬有非织造织物且在其上侧处加衬有绒毡。
文件WO01/70479A1公开了聚合物泡沫，其由长链支化聚丙烯(HMS-PP)和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)形成。为了改进泡沫的声学性能，建议给腔室打孔。
用于车辆尤其地用于汽车内饰部件应该尽可能轻且在此同时尺寸稳定的。传统的内部衬里部件的抗弯刚度在单位面积重量为约1700g/m2时在两点弯曲试验中为约10N。在实践中存在对于具有较小的单位面积重量或者小的密度和改进的抗弯刚度的材料的需求。该材料应该尤其地适用于制造用于车辆的内饰件。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供一种用于制造带状物的方法、复合材料以及汽车内饰件，其以小的单位面积重量或者小的密度和改进的抗弯刚度而出众。根据本发明的另一目的，应提供相应的用于车辆的复合板和内饰件。
该任务通过专利权利要求1、17、28以及34解决。本发明的适宜的设计方案从专利权利要求2至16、18至27、29至33以及35至37的特征中得出。
按照本发明建议，一种用于制造特别适于制造车辆的内饰件的带状物的方法，包括以下步骤：
提供由含至少70重量%的聚烯烃制成的聚合体熔融物，其中所述聚合体熔融物包含至少20重量%的长链支化聚烯烃(HMS-PP)，
给所述聚合体熔融物掺以发泡剂，
使用宽口喷嘴挤出聚合体熔融物，以及，
冷却并且由此固化层压的带状件。
在本发明的意义中的所述“聚合体熔融物”由聚烯烃的混合物组成。在混合物中的至少20重量%由长链支化聚烯烃形成。剩余物由非长链支化聚烯烃形成。在此其可为共聚物、未支化的聚烯烃等。
“长链支化聚烯烃”被理解为具有仅仅在分子中少数的部位处出现的侧链的聚烯烃分子，即未在每个重复单元(Wiederholungseinheit)如作为甲基侧基处出现。通常，每个聚烯烃分子的支化度为0.1至100。
长链支化侧链被理解为在利用NMR测量时具有6个碳原子的最小长度的侧链。长链支化聚烯烃也称之为“高熔体强度聚烯烃(hochschmelzfest Polyolefin)”，在聚丙烯的情况下称之为HMS-PP。长链支化可例如借助于色谱分析方法尤其地凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)证明。尤其地，高温凝胶渗透色谱(HT-GPC)适用于此。除此之外，流变测试尤其地拉伸流变(dehnreologisch)测试以及DSC分析适用于证实存在长链分支。
根据本发明的方法，使得制造在单位面积重量减小或者密度减小的情况下具有显著改进的抗弯刚度的物质成为可能。所建议的物质为热塑性的。该物质可简单地利用热压缩成型工艺(umformen)形成。在此，令人吃惊地的是，带状或板状的物质的厚度基本上得以保持。所建议的物质即使在变形的状态中也通过突出的抗弯刚度同时降低的单位面积重量或者降低的密度而出众。所建议物质为特别轻巧的。
根据一种有利的设计方案，所述聚烯烃至少以10重量%优选地以至少20重量%由再生聚烯烃制造。再生聚烯烃可相对低成本地得到。由此可降低物质的制造成本。
所述聚烯烃可由以下材料中的一种或多种形成：PE、TPE、TPO、PP。
根据本发明的另一有利的设计方案，所述聚合体熔融物包含至多20重量%优选地至多15重量%的矿物填料，优选白垩、滑石、玻璃纤维或其它填料。使用所建议的填料，有助于构造相对均匀的腔室封闭的聚合物泡沫。在此，所述聚合物泡沫的腔室优选地具有在0.05至1.5mm的范围中的平均直径。
作为发泡剂，适宜地是气体发泡剂，优选使用CO2。所建议的气体发泡剂可低成本地得到。该气体发泡剂适宜地在挤出机设备和宽口喷嘴之间的区段中输送给所述聚合体熔融物。
根据本发明的另一特别有利的设计方案，发泡的聚合体在从所述宽口喷嘴中离开之后被压缩。为此，可由发泡的聚合体形成的带状件被引导通过在两个转动的辊子之间形成的带有预设的间隙宽度的间隙，其中所述间隙宽度小于所述带状件的在穿过所述间隙之前的厚度。也就是说从所述宽口喷嘴中离开的所述带状件在平行于其厚度的方向上被推压并且因此被压缩。因此形成聚合物泡沫的腔室形变，从而其平行于所述带状件的上侧延伸的长度L大于其平行于所述带件的厚度延伸的高度H。由于针对所述带状件的所建议的压缩，由此制造的板件具有在预设的范围中的保持不变的厚度。
发泡的聚合体在压缩的状态中具有在180至350kg/m3优选地200至230kg/m3的范围中的单位体积重量。所提出的复合板是刚性的且同时轻巧的。
根据一种尤其有利的设计方案，可由所述物质制造复合板。为此目的，适宜地，在从宽口喷嘴中离开时形成的、还未凝固的由发泡的聚合体制成的带状件层压有至少一个纺织物层。此外，可行的是，为了制造复合板，加热由发泡的聚合体制成的凝固的带状件，且使由发泡的聚合体制成的凝固的带状件层压至少一个纺织物层。前文所提及的两个方法也可相互组合。
根据另一有利的设计方案，第一纺织物层以围绕其中一个辊子中的一个偏转的方式被输送到间隙，从而第一纺织物层借助于辊压层施加到所述带状件的上侧。第二纺织物层可以类似的方式以围绕另一辊子偏转的方式被输送到间隙，从而第二纺织物层借助于辊压层叠施加到所述带状件的与所述上侧相反的下侧。所述第一和/或第二纺织物层的施加适宜于在所述带状件从所述宽口喷嘴中离开之后直接地进行。此时，所述聚合体仍然是塑性形变，并且可在施加纺织物层时在压力下与纺织物层粘接。所述第一和/或第二纺织物层压，可根据所建议的方法实施方式在没有施加粘合剂的情况下进行。但是，也可行的是，施加粘合剂或粘合助剂以用于建立与纺织物层的特别牢固的连接。施加的纺织物层改进可所述复合板的机械特性，并且提供了均匀的表面，其使得处理(Handling)所述复合板变得简单。
根据另一有利的设计方案，从间隙离开的层压的带状件被引导围绕至少一个在所述间隙下游设置的冷却辊进行冷却。在冷却之后，所述带状件还具有足够的粘度，从而可使所述带状件变平。为此目的，所述带状件在冷却之后，在平的垫板上沿着该垫板被引导通过，其中所述带状件继续被冷却。接着，可通过切割所述带状件制造所述复合板。
为了制造复合板，所述带状件可被切割。但是，所述复合板也可以是带状地以卷绕的(aufgerollt)形式用于例如内饰件的生产。
根据本发明的另一有利的设计方案，提供了所述第一和/或第二纺织物为非织造织物(Vlies)、编织物(Gewirk)、机织物(Gewebe)、针织物(Gestrick)、箔片(Folie)或毛绒束(Tuft)。这样的纺织物与由发泡的聚合体制造的带状件能良好地连接。前文所提及的纺织物可由有机或无机纤维特别是玻璃纤维或碳纤维制造。不言而喻，所述纺织物也可由天然纤维形成。
此外，根据本发明建议，一种制造用于车辆的内饰件的方法，包括以下步骤：
提供由根据本发明的复合物质制造的复合板，
加热所述复合板，
在模压机中相互叠压所述复合板和装饰层，以及
使由所述复合板和所述装饰层形成的叠层成型，其中所述装饰层被层压到所述复合板上。
所提出的方法使得快速地、简单地且低成本地制造用于车辆的内饰件成为可能。所述内饰件特别轻并且以突出的抗弯刚度而出众。令人吃惊地，即使在相对强烈形变的区域中，所述内饰件也具有基本恒定的厚度。这归因于，即即使在成型时，复合板内的体积也再次发生膨胀，从而即使在强烈形变的区域中，所述模压机的模具空腔也尽可能填满。
根据一种有利的设计方案，所述装饰层在叠压之前被预加热。由此可在所述装饰层和所述复合板之间实现尤其良好地可重现的且牢固的连接。
适宜地，所述装饰层和所述复合板借助于粘合剂连接。作为粘合剂，使用可热活化的粘合剂是有益的。所述装饰层可用粘合剂粘在所述复合板的背侧。这再次简化了程序。在这种情况下，不需要以单独的方法步骤在所述装饰层和所述复合板之间引入粘合剂。
不言而喻也可行的是，在叠压所述复合板和覆盖层之前，将粘合剂涂覆到所述复合板和/或所述覆盖层上。适宜地，使用粘合非织造织物的粘合剂(Klebevlies) 作为粘合剂，其被夹到所述复合板和所述装饰层之间。这样的粘合非织造织物的粘合剂可简单地运用。
适宜地，所述叠层在变形前加热到在120°C至220°C，优选地160°C至200°C的范围中，尤其地在190°C至200°C的范围中的温度上。加热可特别地借助于IR辐射器进行。
根据本发明的另一设计方案，通过变形形成的模制品在脱模之前，边缘是被修整(beschnitten)的。已表明，这样的边缘修整在模制品还是热的情况下可特别容易地实现。
所述模制品也可在脱模之后进行边缘修整和/或另外地设有至少一个穿孔。为了切割所述穿孔以及为了进行边缘修整和/或为了切割成预设的轮廓，可使用喷水切割的方法。
此外，根据本发明的另一方面，提出了一种复合材料，其由具有至少70重量%的聚烯烃的聚合体熔融物制造，其中所述聚合体熔融物包含至少20重量%的长链聚烯烃，其中基底层具有由封闭的腔室形成的泡沫结构，其中所述腔室的平行于所述基底层的上侧延伸的平均长度L大于所述腔室的垂直于上侧延伸的平均高度H，并且其中纺织物至少层压到所述上侧上。
所建议的复合材料是特别轻的且同时具有特别高的抗弯刚度。此外该复合材料是抗压的且可简单地借助于热压成型工艺形成。
所述基底层具有由封闭的腔室形成的泡沫结构。所述泡沫结构优选地具有至少80%的封闭的腔室，尤其优选的超过90%的封闭的腔室。
所述腔室由于在根据本发明所建议的所述复合材料的制造方法中所施加的压力而伸长，更确切地说在平行于上侧的方向上。对于在所述腔室的平均长度L和平均高度H之间的关系优选地适用于以下公式：
L/H=K，
其中K为在1.5至10优选地2至5的范围中的值。
适宜地，第一纺织物层压到所述基底层的上侧上并且第二纺织物层压到与所述上侧相反的下侧上。这改进了所述复合材料的机械特性并且使其操作变得简单。
在两点弯曲试验中，所述复合材料在所述基底层的单位面积重量为1200g/m2的情况下具有超过15N的抗弯刚度。随着单位面积重量的增大，抗弯刚度增大。例如，所述复合材料在单位面积重量为1500g/m2的情况下具有超过26N的抗弯刚度。抗弯刚度当前根据100-15-10方法测量。
所述第一和/或第二纺织物适宜地为非织造织物、编织物、机织物、针织物、毛绒束或箔片。所述基底层的厚度适宜地为3至6mm。
此外根据本发明的另一方面，提出一种用于机动车的装饰层，其中装饰层被层叠到根据本发明的复合材料上。所述装饰层适宜地借助粘合剂与复合材料层叠。粘合剂可为可热活化的粘合剂。
所述装饰层适宜地由以下材料中的一种形成：非织造织物、编织物、机织物、针织物、绒毡、针刺毛毡、毛绒束、箔片。
附图说明
下面借助于图纸进一步解释本发明的实施例。其中：
图1显示了用于制造复合板的装置，
图2显示了用于制造复合板的步骤，
图3显示了用于制造内部衬里的步骤，
图4显示了穿过内部衬里的横截面图，
图5显示了在运输方向上穿过基底层的截面图，
图6显示了垂直于运输方向穿过基底层的截面图，以及
图7显示了关于单位面积重量的抗弯刚度比较图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地显示了用于制造复合板的装置。该装置包括挤出机1，挤出机1带有装料漏斗2，以用于输送由长链支化聚丙烯和未支化聚丙烯制成的颗粒。在装料漏斗2下游可设置有另一(在此未显示的)装料漏斗以用于输送助熔剂(Zuschlagstoff)例如白垩等。
在挤出机1中制造聚合体熔融物且使聚合体熔融物均匀化。在挤出机1下游设置有前置混合器3，在该前置混合器中聚合体熔融物继续均匀化并且混合。利用参考标号4表示滤网，其联结在前置混合器3和挤出机1之间。在滤网4的下游可设置在此未进一步显示的入口以用于输送气体发泡剂例如CO2。
利用参考标号5表示宽口喷嘴，在其下游后置有由第一辊子6和第二辊子7形成的辊子对。在第一辊子6和第二辊子7之间设置有带有预设的间隙宽度的间隙8。利用参考标号9表示冷却辊子，在其下游后置有水平的辊式输送机(Walzengang)10。参考标号11表示切割装置。在第一储备筒管12上绕有第一非织造织物13，该第一非织造织物围绕第一辊子6输送到间隙8。在第二储备筒管14上绕有第二非织造织物15，该第二非织造织物围绕第二辊子7输送到间隙8。第一非织造织物13和/或第二非织造织物15可由PET制造。第一非织造织物13适宜地具有在20至40g/m2的范围中的单位面积重量，第二非织造织物15适宜地具有在90至110g/m2的范围中的单位面积重量。因此第一非织造织物13适宜地具有比第二非织造织物15小的单位面积重量。有利地，第一非织造织物13的单位面积重量最大为第二非织造织物15的单位面积重量的一半。
在图1中的显示的装置的功能，现在与图2一起观察来进一步解释。
在可加热的挤出机1中在170°C至200°C的温度中制造聚合体熔融物。聚合体熔融物优选地包含30至45重量%尤其优选地35至45重量%的长链分支的聚丙烯(HMS-PP)。此外聚合体熔融物有利地包含15至30重量%的由聚丙烯均聚物(PP-H)以及聚丙烯共聚物形成的混合物。此外，聚合体熔融物可添加有10至60重量.%的再生聚丙烯。再生聚丙烯的份额适宜地为30至40重量%。聚合体熔融物此外包含含量最高为10重量%的填料例如白垩。此外聚合体熔融物可包含1至2重量%的成核剂(Nukleierungsmittel)例如滑石和/或0.5至1.0重量%的润滑剂。
聚合体熔融物借助于挤出机1利用70至130bar的压力在宽口喷嘴5的方向上被推压，其中聚合体熔融物穿过滤网4。在滤网4的下游给聚合体熔融物添加作为气体发泡剂的CO2。接着由聚合体熔融物和气体发泡剂形成的混合物在前置混合器3中在150°C至180°C的温度下均匀化且最后通过宽口喷嘴5挤出。一旦聚合体熔融物离开宽口喷嘴5，聚合体材料发泡。由发泡的聚合体材料形成的带状件被引导通过由第一辊子6和第二辊子7形成的辊子对，其中带状件的上侧层压有第一非织造织物13，并且带状件的下侧层压有第二非织造织物15。第二非织造织物15有利地形成在带状件16或由其制造的复合板17的下侧。下侧与带状件16或由其制造的复合板17的覆盖有装饰层的上侧相反。通过辊子对形成的间隙适宜地具有在2至6mm优选地3.5至5.5mm的范围中的间隙宽度。
两侧层叠的带状件16围绕冷却辊子9被引导并且在此冷却并且固化。然后带状件16到达水平的辊式输送机10，在该处使带状件16变平。然后带状件16借助于切割装置11被切割成复合板17。
在穿过间隙8时，带状件16被压缩，其中第一非织造织物13和第二非织造织物15同时被推压抵压在带状件16的上侧以及下侧。
根据本发明制造的复合板17，例如适用于制造用于车辆尤其地机动车的内部衬里。图3显示了用于制造内部衬里的步骤。
首先，将复合板例如预加热到在90°C至150°C的范围中的温度上。接着，复合板和装饰层例如针刺毛毡形成叠层，该叠层放到模压机的成型模具(Formwerkzeug)的边缘上。在装饰层和复合板之间可布置有粘合非织造织物的粘合剂。粘合非织造织物的粘合剂适宜地布置在第一非织造织物13上。粘合非织造织物的粘合剂可具有在40至60g/m2的范围中的单位面积重量。此外可行的是，给叠层增添其它层。例如可在复合板的与装饰层相背的下侧处布置有由无纺布形成的层。此外可在粘合非织造织物的粘合剂和复合板之间布置有PET-纺粘织物(PET-Spinnvlie)。
装饰层还可在制造叠层之前预加热，例如预加热到在50°C至100°C的范围中的温度上。然后在成型模具的边缘上放置叠层，例如借助于IR加热设备加热到在200°C的范围中的温度上。接着模压机的型芯被推压到成型模具中并且因此将叠层带到预设的形状中。在此保压时间(Haltezeit)为20至40秒。
由于温度以及在成型时产生的压力将装饰层与复合板粘接。如果设置其它的层，该其它的层同样与复合板粘接，从而形成稳定的模制品，对于稳定的模制品而言，所有层牢固地相互连接。
在型芯移出之后，适宜地，对还柔软的模制品进行边缘修整。接着模制品从成型模具中移除。
根据设计方案能够可行的是，模制品例如借助于喷水切割继续被修整。特别地可制造穿孔。边缘可继续被修整。还可借助于冲压制造前文提及的穿孔。功能部件例如存放格、插座等可粘入到穿孔中。
图4显示了穿过内部衬里的截面图。基底层18在其上侧处层压第一非织造织物13且在其下侧处层压第二非织造织物15。利用参考标号19表示粘合层，利用该粘合层将装饰层20粘上到复合板17上。如可从图4中看出的那样，基底层18具有由基本上封闭的腔室形成的泡沫结构。基底层18的单位体积重量为200kg/m3至最大270kg/m3。优选地在基底层18的平均厚度为4mm时单位体积重量为220kg/m3至260kg/m3。
图5和图6再次以放大视图显示了泡沫结构。在图5和图6中显示的照片的上棱边近似相应于基底层18的上侧。腔室具有在右向左的方向上延伸的长度L。腔室的高度H垂直于长度L延伸。如可从图5和图6中看出的那样，腔室的长度L大于腔室的高度H。腔室的平均直径约为0.5至1.5mm。在长度L和高度H之间的关系在此为约为2至4。
图7显示了根据本发明的内部衬里I相对于传统的内部衬里S的抗弯刚度的比较。传统的内部衬里S通常以2000g/m2的单位面积重量制造。如可从图7中看出的那样，根据本发明的内部衬里I在单位面积重量为1700g/m2时具有近似37N的抗弯刚度，而传统的内部衬里S在相同的单位面积重量的情况下具有仅仅10N的抗弯刚度。在传统的内部衬里S的单位面积重量为2000g/m2的情况下传统的近似17N的抗弯刚度，可利用根据本发明的内部衬里I在单位面积重量为近似1250g/m2的情况下实现。
参考标号列表
1挤出机
2装料漏斗
3前置混合器
4滤网
5宽口喷嘴
6第一辊子
7第二辊子
8缝隙
9冷却辊子
10辊式输送机
11切割设备
12第一储备筒管
13第一非织造织物
14第二储备筒管
15第二非织造织物
16带状件
17复合板
18基底层
19粘合剂层
20装饰层
H高度
I根据本发明的内饰件
L长度
S传统的内部衬里

Claims (37)

1.一种用于制造特别适用于制造车辆内饰件(I)的带状的材料（17）的方法，包括以下步骤：
提供由至少含70重量%的聚烯烃制成的聚合体熔融物，其中所述聚合体熔融物包含至少20重量%的长链支化聚烯烃(HMS-PP)，
给所述聚合体熔融物掺以发泡剂，
在使用宽口喷嘴(5)的情况下挤出所述聚合体熔融物，以及
冷却并且由此固化层压的带状件(16)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述聚烯烃至少以10重量%优选地以至少20重量%由再生聚烯烃形成。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述聚烯烃由下述材料中的一个或多个形成：PE、TPE、TPO、PP。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述聚合体熔融物最多含有20重量%，优选地最多15重量%的矿物填料，优选地为白垩或滑石。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中发泡剂，优选CO2作为发泡剂。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中发泡的聚合体在从所述宽口喷嘴(5)离开之后被压缩。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中发泡的聚合体在压缩的状态中具有在180至350kg/m3，优选地200至230kg/m3的密度。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中为了压缩发泡的聚合体，所述带状件(16)被引导通过在两个旋转的辊子(6,7)之间形成的带有预设的间隙宽度的间隙(8)，其中所述间隙宽度小于所述带状件(16)在穿过所述间隙(8)之前的厚度。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中为了制造复合材料，在从所述宽口喷嘴(5)中离开时形成的、还未固化的由发泡的聚合体制成的带状件(16)层压有至少一个织物(13,15)。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中为了制造复合材料，已固化的由发泡的聚合体制成的带状件(16)被加热且层压有至少一个纺织物(13,15)。
11.根据权利要求9或10中任一项所述的方法，其中第一纺织物(13)以围绕所述辊子中的一个(6)偏转的方式被输送到所述间隙(8)，从而所述第一纺织物借助于辊压层叠施加到所述带状件(16)的上侧。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的方法，其中第二纺织物(15)以围绕所述辊子中的另一个(7)偏转的方式输送到所述间隙(8)，从而所述第二纺织物借助于辊压层叠施加到所述带状件(16)的与所述上侧相反的下侧。
13.根据权利要求9，11或12中任一项所述的方法，其中从所述间隙(8)中离开的层压的带状件(16)被引导围绕至少一个设置在所述间隙(8)的下游的冷却辊子(9)以进行冷却。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中在冷却之后使所述带状件(16)为平面状。
15.根据权利要求9-14中任一项所述的方法，其中所述带状件被切割以制造复合板(17)。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述第一织物(13)和/或第二织物(15)为非织造织物、编织物、机织物、针织物、箔片或毛绒束。
17.一种用于制造用于车辆的内饰件(I)的方法，包括以下步骤：
提供由根据权利要求15或16中任一项所述的复合物质制造的复合板(17)，
加热所述复合板(17)，
在模压机中相互叠压所述复合板(17)和装饰层(20)，以及
使由所述复合板(17)和所述装饰层(20)形成的叠层成型，其中所述装饰层(20)叠压到所述复合板(17)上。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中所述装饰层(20)在所述相互叠压之前预加热。
19.根据权利要求17或18所述的方法，其中所述装饰层(20)和所述复合板(17)借助于粘合剂(19)连接。
20.根据权利要求17-19中任一项所述的方法，其中使用可热活化的粘合剂作为粘合剂(19)。
21.根据权利要求17-20中任一项所述的方法，其中所述装饰层(20)在面向所述复合板(17)的背侧上施敷有所述粘合剂(19)。
22.根据权利要求17-21中任一项所述的方法，其中所述粘合剂(19)在所述复合板(17)和所述装饰层(20)相互叠压之前涂覆到所述复合板(17)和/或所述装饰层(20)上。
23.根据权利要求17-22中任一项所述的方法，其中使用粘合非织造织物的粘合剂作为粘合剂(19)，该粘合非织造织物的粘合剂叠压到所述复合板(17)和所述装饰层(20)之间。
24.根据权利要求17-23中任一项所述的方法，其中所述叠层在所述变形之前加热到在120°C至220°C，优选地160°C至200°C的范围中的温度上。
25.根据权利要求17-24中任一项所述的方法，其中通过成型形成的模制品在脱模之前在边缘被修整。
26.根据权利要求17-25中任一项所述的方法，其中所述模制品在脱模之后在边缘被修整和/或切割至少一个穿孔。
27.根据权利要求17-26中任一项所述的方法，其中所述模制品借助于喷水切割被切割成预设的轮廓。
28.一种复合材料(17)，带有发泡的基底层(18)，该基底层由包含至少70重量%聚烯烃的聚合体熔融物制造，其中所述聚合体熔融物包含至少20重量%长链支化聚烯烃(HMS-PP)，其中所述基底层(18)具有由封闭的腔室形成的泡沫结构，其中所述腔室的平行于所述基底层(18)的上侧延伸的平均长度L大于所述腔室的垂直于所述上侧延伸的平均高度H并且其中纺织物(13,15)至少层压到所述上侧。
29.根据权利要求28所述的复合材料(17)，其中对于在平均长度L和平均高度H之间的关系适用于以下公式：
L/H=K，
其中K为在1.5至10，优选地2至5的范围中的值。
30.根据权利要求28或29所述的复合材料(17)，其中将第一纺织物(13)层压到所述基底层(18)的上侧并且将第二纺织物(15)层压到与所述上侧相反的下侧。
31.根据权利要求28-30中任一项所述的复合材料(17)，在所述基底层(18)的单位面积重量为1200g/m2时具有在两点弯曲试验中测量的超过15N的抗弯刚度。
32.根据权利要求28-31中任一项所述的复合材料(17)，其中所述第一纺织物(13)和/或第二纺织物(15)为非织造织物、编织物、机织物、针织物、毛绒束或箔片。
33.根据权利要求28-32中任一项所述的复合材料(17)，其中所述基底层(18)的厚度为2至8mm，优选地3至6mm。
34.一种用于机动车的内饰件(I)，其中将装饰层(20)层压到根据权利要求28-33中任一项所述的复合材料(17)上。
35.根据权利要求34所述的饰件(I)，其中所述装饰层(20)借助于粘合剂(19)与所述复合材料(17)层叠。
36.根据权利要求34或35所述的内饰件(I)，其中所述粘合剂(19)为可热活化的粘合剂。
37.根据权利要求34-36中任一项所述的内饰件(I)，其中所述装饰层(20)为非织造织物、编织物、机织物、针织物、绒毡、针刺毛毡、毛绒束或箔片。
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