CN108066809A - 一种抑菌止血海绵 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抑菌止血海绵,包括如下成分:透明质酸、聚乙烯醇、胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白粉、壳聚糖、甘油和磺胺嘧啶银盐。本发明的抑菌止血海绵为多孔性复合材料,具有良好的生物相容性、透析性、吸血性、抑菌性、防粘连性及力学性,使用舒适度高,所使用的磺胺嘧啶银盐有效提高了海绵的抑菌性能,降低创口感染的几率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医用海绵,尤其涉及一种抑菌止血海绵。
背景技术
止血是各种手术及创伤急救的重要环节,在伤口急救以及外科手术中,创面出血与渗血是经常遇到的难题,血液的大量流失会危及生命,也会增加感染的几率,从而影响手术的成功率。止血材料是外科止血的重要工具,其主要用于控制出血、尽快覆盖包扎伤口,将伤口与外界隔离以减少感染机会,为清创创造良好的创面条件。其中,止血海绵是目前外科使用最多的止血材料。
纵观止血材料的发展,经历了以下四个阶段:一是非降解材料,以凡士林油纱条为代表,其制作简单,通过压迫填塞止血。这类止血材料的止血效果不佳,并且材料非降解,易和血痂粘连,在取出的过程中容易导致血痂脱落,造成再次出血。二是非降解的水凝胶类材料,以PVA为代表,这类水凝胶吸血性能好,但由于非降解,同样存在取出过程中引发再次出血的问题。三是可降解天然高分子材料,以聚多糖如淀粉、海藻酸、壳聚糖等以及蛋白质如胶原等为主。这类材料的生物相容性好,在体内可被人体吸收,无需二次取出,因此避免了材料取出过程中导致伤口再次出血的问题。然而,天然高分子内由于大量的氢键作用,使这类止血材料的刚性较强,其制备的海绵通常脆性较大,缺乏弹性,使用的患者有异物感,术后舒适度不佳。
因此,亟需研制一种生物相容性好、防粘连、具有较强的止血功能且力学性能好的新型止血材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术存在的缺点和不足,提供一种抑菌止血海绵。
为解决其技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案为:一种抑菌止血海绵,包括如下成分:透明质酸、聚乙烯醇、胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白粉、壳聚糖、甘油和磺胺嘧啶银盐。
作为优选,所述的抑菌止血海绵,由如下重量百分含量的成分:透明质酸1~5%、聚乙烯醇10~15%、胶原蛋白1~5%、丝素蛋白粉20~30%、壳聚糖10~15%、甘油3~8%、磺胺嘧啶银盐3~7%和纯化水余量。
优选的,所述的抑菌止血海绵,由如下重量百分含量的成分:透明质酸3%、聚乙烯醇10%、胶原蛋白5%、丝素蛋白粉25%、壳聚糖15%、甘油5%、磺胺嘧啶银盐5%和纯化水余量。
优选的,所述的抑菌止血海绵,由如下重量百分含量的成分:透明质酸5%、聚乙烯醇15%、胶原蛋白3%、丝素蛋白粉30%、壳聚糖10%、甘油8%、磺胺嘧啶银盐7%和纯化水余量。
所述的抑菌止血海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇置于30%的纯化水中,加热至溶解,保温待用,得到聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)将磺胺嘧啶银盐加入甘油中,搅拌均匀,得到混合物B;
(3)将壳聚糖置于剩余的纯化水中浸泡过夜,然后水浴加热至溶解,然后加入聚乙烯醇溶液,搅拌均匀,降温至45℃,然后加入透明质酸、胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白粉和混合物B,搅拌均匀,冷冻干燥,得到所述抑菌止血海绵。
作为优选,所述冷冻干燥的温度为-35℃~-45℃,时间为50~70min。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:本发明的抑菌止血海绵为多孔性复合材料,具有良好的生物相容性、透析性、吸血性、抑菌性、防粘连性及力学性,使用舒适度高,所使用的磺胺嘧啶银盐有效提高了海绵的抑菌性能,降低创口感染的几率。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例1提供一种抑菌止血海绵,所述抑菌止血海绵由如下重量百分含量的成分:透明质酸3%、聚乙烯醇10%、胶原蛋白5%、丝素蛋白粉25%、壳聚糖15%、甘油5%、磺胺嘧啶银盐5%和纯化水余量。
所述的抑菌止血海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇置于30%的纯化水中,加热至溶解,保温待用,得到聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)将磺胺嘧啶银盐加入甘油中,搅拌均匀,得到混合物B;
(3)将壳聚糖置于剩余的纯化水中浸泡过夜,然后水浴加热至溶解,然后加入聚乙烯醇溶液,搅拌均匀,降温至45℃,然后加入透明质酸、胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白粉和混合物B,搅拌均匀,冷冻干燥,冷冻干燥的温度为-40℃,时间为60min,得到所述抑菌止血海绵。
实施例2
本实施例2提供一种抑菌止血海绵,所述抑菌止血海绵由如下重量百分含量的成分:透明质酸5%、聚乙烯醇15%、胶原蛋白3%、丝素蛋白粉30%、壳聚糖10%、甘油8%、磺胺嘧啶银盐7%和纯化水余量。
所述的抑菌止血海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇置于30%的纯化水中,加热至溶解,保温待用,得到聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)将磺胺嘧啶银盐加入甘油中,搅拌均匀,得到混合物B;
(3)将壳聚糖置于剩余的纯化水中浸泡过夜,然后水浴加热至溶解,然后加入聚乙烯醇溶液,搅拌均匀,降温至45℃,然后加入透明质酸、胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白粉和混合物B,搅拌均匀,冷冻干燥,冷冻干燥的温度为-35℃,时间为70min,得到所述抑菌止血海绵。
实施例3
本实施例3提供一种抑菌止血海绵,所述抑菌止血海绵由如下重量百分含量的成分:透明质酸1%、聚乙烯醇12%、胶原蛋白1%、丝素蛋白粉20%、壳聚糖12%、甘油3%、磺胺嘧啶银盐3%和纯化水余量。
所述的抑菌止血海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇置于30%的纯化水中,加热至溶解,保温待用,得到聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)将磺胺嘧啶银盐加入甘油中,搅拌均匀,得到混合物B;
(3)将壳聚糖置于剩余的纯化水中浸泡过夜,然后水浴加热至溶解,然后加入聚乙烯醇溶液,搅拌均匀,降温至45℃,然后加入透明质酸、胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白粉和混合物B,搅拌均匀,冷冻干燥,冷冻干燥的温度为-45℃,时间为50min,得到所述抑菌止血海绵。
实验例
1.止血效果测试
检测方法:于猪肝脏表面用手术刀切取肝脏浆膜层面积2.5cm×2.5cm,创面深度为0.25cm,制成出血创面,采用的止血海绵有:实施例1~3的止血海绵,对照组采用现有PVA止血海绵。
分别对上述创面进行止血,将出血后,立即将止血海绵放置在伤口上并用医用外科手套或止血纱布在海绵上施压,阻断血流,1~2min后将手套或纱布轻轻松开,观察止血效果、手套及纱布是否粘连海绵及凝血块,揭开时造成再次出血。止血后无需将止血海绵拿开或揭除,而是用生理盐水做适当浸润冲洗即可。
试验结果:实施例1~3的止血海绵的止血效果均很好,而且使用方便。所有止血海绵遇血后立即吸血并与血液形成粘性的海绵-凝血块胶状体;实施例1和实施例2的止血海绵在0.5分钟内可有效地控制肝脏创面的出血,实施例3的止血海绵在1分钟内可有效地控制肝脏创面的出血,而现有PVA止血海绵在2分钟以上的时间才能控制肝脏创面的出血。实施例1~3的止血海绵与肝脏创面组织紧密粘附,促进凝血,凝血块与按压的纱布敷料不发生粘连,不会造成再次出血。说明本发明的止血海绵具有快速吸血、止血的功效,且不会粘连,不会造成创口二次出血。
2.抑菌效果测试
将实施例1~3的抑菌止血海绵和现有PVA止血海绵进行抑菌率实验,其中抑菌率采用本领域常见的大肠杆菌+金黄色葡萄球菌为观察对象,采用常规条件以医用薄膜袋垫于容器内进行细菌培养实验,相比较其抑菌性能。测试结果见
表1:
表1
抑菌率/%(培养时间为48h) | |
实施例1 | 99.2 |
实施例2 | 98.3 |
实施例3 | 94.5 |
现有PVA止血海绵 | 35.1 |
从表1的结果可知,本发明的抑菌止血海绵具有较好的抑菌性能,可有效降低创口的感染几率。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种抑菌止血海绵,其特征在于,包括如下成分:透明质酸、聚乙烯醇、胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白粉、壳聚糖、甘油和磺胺嘧啶银盐。
2.如权利要求1所述的抑菌止血海绵,其特征在于,由如下重量百分含量的成分:透明质酸1~5%、聚乙烯醇10~15%、胶原蛋白1~5%、丝素蛋白粉20~30%、壳聚糖10~15%、甘油3~8%、磺胺嘧啶银盐3~7%和纯化水余量。
3.如权利要求2所述的抑菌止血海绵,其特征在于,由如下重量百分含量的成分:透明质酸3%、聚乙烯醇10%、胶原蛋白5%、丝素蛋白粉25%、壳聚糖15%、甘油5%、磺胺嘧啶银盐5%和纯化水余量。
4.如权利要求2所述的抑菌止血海绵,其特征在于,由如下重量百分含量的成分:透明质酸5%、聚乙烯醇15%、胶原蛋白3%、丝素蛋白粉30%、壳聚糖10%、甘油8%、磺胺嘧啶银盐7%和纯化水余量。
5.如权利要求1~4任一项所述的抑菌止血海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇置于30%的纯化水中,加热至溶解,保温待用,得到聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)将磺胺嘧啶银盐加入甘油中,搅拌均匀,得到混合物B;
(3)将壳聚糖置于剩余的纯化水中浸泡过夜,然后水浴加热至溶解,然后加入聚乙烯醇溶液,搅拌均匀,降温至45℃,然后加入透明质酸、胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白粉和混合物B,搅拌均匀,冷冻干燥,得到所述抑菌止血海绵。
6.如权利要求5所述的抑菌止血海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述冷冻干燥的温度为-35℃~-45℃,时间为50~70min。
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