CN1080660C - 具有客舱用模制衬垫件形式的车辆组成件及其车辆 - Google Patents

具有客舱用模制衬垫件形式的车辆组成件及其车辆 Download PDF

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CN1080660C
CN1080660C CN98803553A CN98803553A CN1080660C CN 1080660 C CN1080660 C CN 1080660C CN 98803553 A CN98803553 A CN 98803553A CN 98803553 A CN98803553 A CN 98803553A CN 1080660 C CN1080660 C CN 1080660C
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vehicle
component parts
vehicle component
exciter
acoustic
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亨利·阿齐马
马丁·科洛姆斯
克里斯琴·埃利斯
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NVF Tech Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R11/02Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/02Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R11/02Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
    • B60R11/0217Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof for loud-speakers
    • B60R11/0223Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof for loud-speakers of flat type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/045Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0001Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
    • B60R2011/0003Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
    • B60R2011/0019Side or rear panels
    • B60R2011/0021Doors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0001Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
    • B60R2011/0003Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
    • B60R2011/0028Ceiling, e.g. roof rails
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0001Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
    • B60R2011/0003Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
    • B60R2011/0035Sun visors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0042Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means
    • B60R2011/0043Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means for integrated articles, i.e. not substantially protruding from the surrounding parts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10General applications
    • H04R2499/13Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
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  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有其中具有一模制顶部衬垫及一扬声器的客舱的车辆,具有一种板形的扬声器,该扬声器具有一构件,其通过在至少一个工作区中弯曲波形来保持和传导输入振动能量,该区域横贯厚度扩展,使谐振型振动分量布于该至少一个工作区中,在该区域中具有安装振动激励装置的预定较佳位置或场所,而且有一振动器安装在该位置或场所来振动该构件,使其起谐振成为一声辐射器,在谐振时提供一声音输出,而该辐射器附接于该顶部衬垫或与该顶部衬垫一体。一种车辆组成件具有客舱用模制衬垫件形成例如顶部或门板衬垫或类似物,具有一板形扬声器,该扬声器具有如上所述的一种声辐射器。

Description

具有客舱用模制衬垫件形式的车辆组成件及其车辆
本发明涉及载客车辆,特别涉及加装有包括板形声音辐射元件的扬声器的载客车辆。
本发明的具体实例,采用一类构件,其性质、结构、形状通过实行我们在PCT申请案WO97/09842中的教导,即可大致和/或特别地实现。这类构件因此可通过在工作区域中弯曲波形保持和传导输入振动能量,该区域横跨厚度扩展,往往但非必然的,至构件的各个边缘;这种构件具有或不具有弯曲强度异向性,使得谐振模式振动分量布于上述区域,有利于与周围空气的声音耦合;并在该区域中有预定优选的位置或所在供激励器装置,特别是工作上有作用的或活动的零件安装,从而随该区域中的声音振动活动和信号产生作用;该信号通常为电信号,对应于该振动活动的声音内容。
上述构件,本文称之为“分布式声辐射器”,具有前述PCT申请案WO97/09842中所载和(或)本文中所提的特征。
本发明特别涉及呈谐振声辐射器扬声器形式的音响设备,用于载客交通工具,如汽车、飞机、船舶、火车等;本发明也涉及加装有此类扬声器的车辆。
本发明为一种具有客舱的车辆,其中,客舱中有一扬声器,包括一分布式声辐射器及一激励器,该激励器安装在辐射器上,用以振动该辐射器使其发生谐振。
该辐射器可和客舱内的乘客座椅一体、或者和客舱门一体。该辐射器可和客舱内部,例如墙壁、地板、顶部等一体。该辐射器可和汽车一类中的顶部衬板一体。在一车辆中可以安排多个此类的辐射器。
该车辆可包括一由塑料或纤维塑制成的客舱中的组件、或客舱的一部分,且该辐射器和该组件一体。
该辐射器可包括一坚硬的、轻量级的板,具有蜂窝式的芯子,夹在两表皮层中间;其中一表皮层和模制成的组成件一体。该一表皮层可比该组成件的平均壁厚单薄。该一表皮层可被开设在组成件上的沟槽或狭缝所包围;该沟槽界定了辐射器的弹性包围,而该狭缝则有助于界定分布式弯曲工作的区域。
从另一方面看,本发明为一种车辆组成件,包括一具有分布式声辐射器和一设在辐射器上的激励器的扬声器;激励器用以振动该辐射器使其发生谐振。
利用我们在国际申请案WO97/09842中所陈述的分布式扬声器原理,使用适当的现成结构件就可直接地、或经调整或修改、或通过原始设计,就可作为有效的扬声器来工作。
分布式的工作结果显示:在原要当作声辐射器工作的结构上,最好具有模式谐振(modal resonance)的良好传播。该原理教导了产生宽范围声音再现的良好模式密度的结构,几何形状和驱动点的特性。某些结构,例如现成的、或预先组装好的、或类似的板,在有关的频率范围内,会自然地具有这样一种性质,对此,有适当的数学和力学的分析方法可以用来决定最佳的驱动点和激励器,以及它们对有用声音输出的特性。
显然,有适当的现成或安装的结构件,就有潜在的高度的便利、实用和装饰的价值存在,还节省了额外的扬声器的工作或包括,不管是音乐还是说话方面的应用,例如为提高安全性而用免提的移动电话机。这类的扩音器给予车辆乘客重量节省和(或)较大的冲撞安全性。
根据结构和声音分析,包括潜在的空气负荷影响在内,现成的内部门板、或行李架或近似物、或顶部衬垫可受益于对其安装物或加装加强的构件、型材、或板材,其性能在意想的工作范围内极为接近意想的分布式形式。
或者,这些板单元,不论和现行实践相容或不容,都可根据我们在国际申请案WO97/09842中所陈述的原理,建造和设计成拥有分布式,适用于车辆和一般公共汽车内部、或小于例如铁路客车厢、公共汽车等房间的空间。
就车辆而言,使用该分布式原理尤其适合,因为声响元件可以做得结实,对水和环境有抵抗力,不需要栅格盖子或开孔、或对有效工作保护。事实上,板式声响零件可以完全一体使得它的存在没有外在表征,需要避免扬声器的存在不被见到的室内设计也是如此。
对音响系统加入车辆来说,这分布式原理可让它们完全一体在预先组合好的单元里,包括有关的设施,例如顶灯和有关的控制与显示技术在内,只用到一根减低组装成本的线束即可。另外,把较为先进的设施,一体在例如顶部衬垫里,还可因而提高产品的工程价值。
分布式扬声器有能力在,而且通常是设计在,宽广频率范围内来工作,尤为独特的是,还可不另用驱动元件或交叉网路就能达到最高的可听闻频率;而有些板形结构件,由于其相对低的基本弯曲频率,适合在较低频率范围内作有效工作。当使用内建或其它方式的分布式扬声器元件来担任平常中、上段频率范围工作时,现在谈论的结构件或模组件板的自然低弯曲频率可用于声音再现,使在低频段范围内可与上段频率范围的单元作最佳的协调工作。结果是这种板作两用时有益的额外工作,此时,该低频范围可以扩大到通常是由所谓亚低频扬声器(sub woofers)的箱型单元来涵盖的范围,具有在低于150赫兹(Hz)的范围内工作的特性,而且还可扩张到低至可听到的20赫兹的极限或其邻近,这种低下极限仍可为人类听觉所感受,增加了录音宽广频段的再现音乐信号的享受程度。这些或类似材料,由树脂粘结的组合体所制成的重型构件的更大结构件板会有模式谐振,其扩展到低范围,并还可用许多电磁激能器来驱动,包括那些专门设计成符合我们在国际申请案WO97/09859、WO97/09861、WO97/09858中所述的分布式扬声器,通过驱动力量及自然谐振,可使它们和更大结构板作最佳的耦合。
声响系统与车辆设计一体,也与照明单元一体,是现代实践的重要一面。该分布式扬声器原理是独特地适合于这些可将声响系统设计成不彰显、甚至全部隐藏的应用。全音频域型的扬声器、谐振板或其它,可通过使设计在低频域有效工作的分布式板起谐振而放大。低域音主要是无方向性的,这就大幅解除了安放位置的限制。低频域分布式板可有利地放置在一防护区中座椅装备之下,或并入座椅的镶板内。
适合于用电动力式激励器低频工作的车辆组成件包括包裹架、顶部内衬垫、和车门内镶板。
顶部内衬垫的结构可为多层次的,有掺入树脂的纤维结构基底,基底上覆盖符合声音学的多孔性薄泡沫和纺织纤维或其它装饰用的覆盖物。在一具体实例中,该顶部衬垫基底打一个或更多的孔,在孔中弹性地支撑着小型分布式扬声器,在乘客头顶上方便地提供一个或更多的声音再现通道,声音很容易地通过多孔层传送出去。这些分散的分布式扬声器较适合于上、中频率范围,低频域则较宜通过用一适当电动式激励器使顶部衬垫结构起谐振来重放。此类分布式扬声器在这一款设计中的特别好处是没有“热点”或“邻近效应”,而可提供车上乘客最好的声音分布。
在制造方面,小型分布式扬声器可模铸定位在顶部内衬垫等类似物内,以简化建造步骤。为避免功率超载的可能和需要随后修理,可在线束中加入热限制器,例如自动重调的正温度系数电阻器,来保护激励器。
根据本发明的扬声器可加装在一般的车辆中,利用例如现成的或部分整修的表面,或通过在车辆上各不同衬垫和装潢物,例如在头枕(headrest)上远离乘员人头碰触处的板上,模制和适当安装分布式扬声器板。
设计用于在低频工作的分布式声音辐射器,即亚低频扬声器,可放在例如椅下或椅背内,也可放在适当强度的顶衬的全部面积上。
中高频声音再现,可通过运用分布式扬声器板,在内部装饰真空成形或其它模制过程中,附着于或安装在特别是汽车的顶部衬垫、门内衬垫、包裹架、遮阳板、或仪表板上而实现。
低音频率的产生,可通过用一适当激励器加在顶部衬垫或后包裹架上,并(或)通过使用离散的分布式板附着在各座椅底侧,各座椅后背或门内衬垫、甚或地板覆盖物上。在一特殊应用中,车辆的置脚凹窟(foot-well)能当作喇叭,替装设在此一位置的板辐射器来放大低音频率。当扬声器接近各乘客的头部时,特别是在顶部衬垫或头枕的应用中,可以达到频宽与拒斥比相当良好的噪音消除,并具有适当信号处理系统的一项额外的获益。
由于分布式扬声器极为广阔的散布特质与声音扩散的本性,在车舱中可达致具有良好信号与噪音比的均匀声音分布。进而加强了“调音平衡”并加强了“动态道路噪音减降”,亦即,噪音消除可通过数字信号处理(DSP)方法来达成,因为分布式扬声器板具有非常均匀的声音功率分布性质。
由于使用电动式激励器的分布式扬声器板在电气上的共容性质,现行的电子学和放大技术都可以运用。
鉴于车辆制造业者现行所采用的制造程序,业者都愿意购买已经完全预先检验好的功能化次组合件。上述应用就很适合于此种制造和分包(sub-contracting)的优选方法。
本发明就附图通过举例加以说明,其中:
图1为根据本发明而建造一汽车顶部或顶部衬垫的平视图;
图2为图1顶部衬垫的片段横断面侧视图;
图3为一汽车前头部分透视图;
图4为对应于图3的平面图;及
图5为一汽车内部的部分视图。
在图1和图2中显示一汽车(未示)的顶部或顶部衬垫1,该顶部衬垫包括一由掺有树脂的纤维材料制成的主体2,其由模塑成形制成且在其底面覆盖有弹性泡沫层3,例如由塑料或橡胶制成,其本身又为一由织物纤维类制成的装潢用表皮层4所覆盖。
如图所示,四个谐振板形声辐射器的扬声器5,其与国际申请案WO97/09842中所述的相同,设在顶部衬垫的厚度中并安置在顶部衬垫上,使其通常放置在汽车乘员头部上方。该四个扬声器5旨在作为中/高频扬声器使用。此外,一付相对的振动激励器则直接装设在顶部衬垫的主体上,在低频段激励该顶部衬垫,就像是一亚低频扬声器作为一分布式声辐射器工作一样,就和在国际申请案WO97/09842中所述相同。该振动激励器可以是国际申请案WO97/09859、WO97/09861、WO97/09858中所描述的一种,而最好是电动式的惯性装置。一根用以供给电力给各扬声器及其它组成件如内部照明18的线束7与顶部衬垫一体。也可能需要在线束7上设置一个扬声器的电流限制器8,以保护激励器免于超过负荷。图中显示一后视镜19装设在顶部衬垫上。
如图2中所示,该中/高频扬声器5设置在坑穴9中,后者制作在顶部衬垫主体2的厚度方向上,并局部减薄了弹性泡沫层3的厚度,该泡沫层在声学上为透明的。坚硬、轻量、一般成方形的单片10例如含纤维塑料的材质,制作成谐振声音辐射器,并且是按照WO97/09842所教授的制作,装设在各个坑穴9中分立的弹性悬吊元件11上,后者为例如泡沫弹性材料,安装在车体上且固定在板10接近板边缘处。一振动激励器12装在板10上,以发射弯曲波进入该板,而其安装在板上的位置则是按WO97/09842所论决定。该激励器12可为电动式,而且可为惯性的各种型式。
图3及4显示一汽车15,为清楚起见已将其顶部或顶部衬垫略去。该图表明:属于前面谈论的该种声辐射器板扬声器5也设在乘客置脚凹窟13的内衬垫14内,并可因为如此安置而获益,原因是,这置脚凹窟的部分包围的容积,可作为喇叭或谐振器来增强声音信号。该辐射器可为低频率亦即亚低频扬声器。
图5中,前述该种汽车15还另外装备有分布式声辐射器的扬声器5与附接在汽车挡风玻璃16顶部的遮阳板17一体。该遮阳板17与谐振板10合并,如前述,由振动激励器12来激励。分布式声辐射器的板形使其特别适合于此一用途。通过仔细平衡音量位阶,该遮阳板声源可用以对车辆前座人员提供改良的影像转向及正前定位效果。
对后座乘客增加定位效果而言,可在主要的车顶衬垫及(或)包裹架辐射器之外另加扬声器元件的工作来实现。这些元件可加在椅背、头枕或头束(headrests or restraints)、或车门装饰部分内。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有客舱用模制衬垫件(1,14)形式的车辆组成件,该衬垫构件(1,14)包括板形扬声器的第一声辐射器(5),其能通过在至少一个工作区中弯曲波形来保持和传导输入振动能量,该区域横贯厚度扩展,使谐振型振动分量遍布于该至少一个工作区中,并在该区域中具有安装振动激励器(10)的预定较佳位置或场所,而且一或多个振动激励器(10)在该衬垫构件的该位置或场所的至少一个位置直接安装在该第一声辐射器(5)上,以振动该声辐射器,
其特征在于,该模制衬垫件(1,14)包括树脂浸透的纤维材料制的主体(2),其被弹性泡沫层(3)和装饰层(4)覆盖;以及一坑穴(9),其形成在主体(2)的厚度中,第一声辐射器(5)弹性安装在其中,作为中/高频辐射器,弹性泡沫层(3)的厚度减小到使得泡沫层(3)声学透明,一或多个振动激励器(6)直接安装在模制衬垫件(1,14)上,使得模制衬垫件(1,14)低频共振,形成低频辐射器,共振时提供低音输出。
2.根据权利要求1的车辆组成件,其特征在于,有一遮阳器,包括一分布式声辐射器的扬声器。
3.根据权利要求1或2的车辆组成件,其特征在于,该模制衬垫构件是一汽车置脚凹窟衬垫件(14)。
4.根据权利要求1或2的车辆组成件,其特征在于,该模制衬垫构件为一乘客座位的壳体。
5.根据权利要求4的车辆组成件,其特征在于,该壳体包括一头束,而该声辐射器则位于该头束内。
6.根据权利要求1或2中任一项的车辆组成件,其特征在于,该构件为一顶部衬垫(1)。
7.一种具有一客舱的车辆(15),包括根据权利要求1-6中任一项的车辆组成件。
8.根据权利要求7的车辆,其特征在于,具有一客舱门,其具有一车门衬垫,并有一中/高频及/或一低频辐射器附接于该车门衬垫或与该车门衬垫一体。
9.根据权利要求7或8的车辆,其特征在于,该中/高频辐射器(5)设置在车辆内各个乘客座位的上方。
10.根据权利要求7或8的车辆,其特征在于,该或各振动激励器(5,10)属电动式。
CN98803553A 1997-03-22 1998-03-19 具有客舱用模制衬垫件形式的车辆组成件及其车辆 Expired - Fee Related CN1080660C (zh)

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