CN108065093B

CN108065093B - Feed additive and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN108065093B
Application number: CN201810110372.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄海虎; 张红霞; 陈海波
Original assignee: Henan Xiangda Biological Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Henan Xiangda Biological Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-02-05
Filing date: 2018-02-05
Publication date: 2021-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2038-02-05
Also published as: CN108065093A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of feed additives, and discloses a feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof. The feed additive comprises mulberry leaves, angelica, radix rehmanniae, white paeony roots, ligusticum wallichii, sophora flowers, rhizoma alismatis, radix linderae, fennel, cinnamon, sandalwood, eupatorium, rhizoma cyperi and radix polygonati officinalis. According to the invention, 14 appropriate natural components are selected from traditional Chinese medicines according to the monarch, minister, assistant and guide compatibility principle and starting from viscera and an endocrine system of a live pig to prepare the live pig feed additive, so that the growth performance of the pig can be improved, the apparent digestibility of the pig is improved, the immune function of the pig is improved, the diarrhea frequency of the live pig is reduced, the swine fever antibody level is improved, and compared with a similar single-function product, the live pig feed additive has multiple functional effects, avoids the use of antibiotics, and has a better application range and a better prospect.

Description

Feed additive and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of feed additives, in particular to a feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The piglets are subjected to larger weaning stress after weaning, the low feed intake is the most obvious characteristic, and the piglets are easy to suffer from diarrhea due to incomplete digestive function, incomplete enzyme system development, low autoimmunity and the like. In addition, swine fever is also a disease factor which is unfavorable for the growth process of piglets. In order to solve the problems, therapeutic antibiotics are widely applied to live pig breeding as feed additives.

In recent years, with the wide application of antibiotics as feed additives, food safety problems such as drug residues in animal products, serious soil and water pollution, product drug residues and the like are increasingly highlighted. With the increasing living standard, people pay more and more attention to the safety of food, and the safety of livestock and poultry production is the key for guaranteeing the safety of produced livestock and poultry products, and the core of the safety of feed is the safety of the feed. Since 1/1 2006, the european union has completely banned the use of antibiotic growth-promoting feed additives for food animals. The U.S. food and drug administration published an industry instructional document in 2014, which planned to prohibit the use of preventive antibiotics in livestock feed for 3 years, thereby maximally avoiding the problem of drug resistance to antibiotics of consumers eating livestock and poultry products. Therefore, in order to broaden the sources of feed additives, various countries have been strongly advocated to develop and use novel feed additive products, wherein Chinese herbal medicines are increasingly regarded as the feed additives by stockman because of their low toxic and side effects, low tendency to produce harmful residues in livestock products, and no drug resistance. The research of Chinese herbal medicine is increased in countries around the world, including China.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a feed additive and a preparation method thereof, so that the feed additive can improve growth performance of pigs, such as feed intake, feed conversion ratio, etc.;

another object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive and a method for preparing the same, which can improve the immune function of pigs, particularly the promotion effect on swine fever antibodies;

it is another object of the present invention to provide a feed additive and a method for preparing the same, which enables the feed additive to increase apparent digestibility, such as crude protein digestibility and crude fat digestibility, of pigs;

another object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive and a method for preparing the same, which enables the feed additive to reduce the frequency of diarrhea in pigs;

it is a further object of the present invention to provide the use of said feed additive in the above mentioned aspects.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a feed additive comprises folium Mori, radix Angelicae sinensis, radix rehmanniae, radix Paeoniae alba, rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, flos Sophorae Immaturus, Alismatis rhizoma, radix Linderae, fructus Foeniculi, cortex Cinnamomi, lignum Santali albi, herba Eupatorii, rhizoma Cyperi and rhizoma Polygonati Odorati.

According to the seven principles of the prescription in the traditional Chinese medicine prescription (big, small, slow, acute, odd, even and compound), the Chinese angelica is taken as the monarch, the rehmannia root, the white paeony root and the szechuan lovage rhizome are taken as the ministers, the mulberry leaf, the sophora flower, the oriental waterplantain rhizome, the combined spicebush root, the fennel, the cinnamon, the sandalwood and the eupatorium, and the nutgrass galingale rhizome and the fragrant solomonseal rhizome are taken as the assistants. The monarch, minister, assistant and guide medicines are used for deeply conditioning the intestines and the stomach of the animal, soothing the liver, regulating the flow of qi, clearing heat, regulating the middle warmer, detoxifying, expelling toxin, invigorating the stomach, promoting digestion, increasing weight of the long muscle, strengthening the body resistance and consolidating the constitution by starting from the internal organs and the endocrine system of the animal. Meanwhile, the pig feed contains rich amino acids, mineral substances, vitamins, alkaloids, polysaccharides and flavone compounds, can better improve the circulatory system of an organism, stimulates a specific and non-specific immune mechanism, and achieves the effects of improving the growth performance and the immune function of pigs.

Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises, by weight, 150 parts of mulberry leaves 100, 5-10 parts of angelica sinensis, 5-10 parts of radix rehmanniae, 10-15 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 1-5 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 20-25 parts of sophora japonica, 10-15 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 5-10 parts of radix linderae, 10-15 parts of fennel, 10-15 parts of cinnamon, 5-10 parts of sandalwood, 5-10 parts of eupatorium, 5-10 parts of rhizoma cyperi and 10-15 parts of radix polygonati officinalis.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the feed additive may be selected as follows in parts by weight

100 parts of mulberry leaf, 6 parts of angelica, 8 parts of radix rehmanniae, 12 parts of white peony root, 3 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 22 parts of sophora flower, 17 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 9 parts of radix linderae, 13 parts of fennel, 11 parts of cinnamon, 7 parts of sandalwood, 6 parts of eupatorium fortunei, 8 parts of rhizoma cyperi and 11 parts of radix polygonati officinalis.

The compound Chinese herbal medicine additive is formed by a plurality of components which are homologous in medicine and food, can obviously improve the immunologic function of pigs, and particularly has obvious influence on swine fever antibodies; the apparent digestibility of piglets to daily ration can be obviously improved, the digestibility of crude protein is improved by 7 percent, the digestibility of crude fat is improved by 5.84 percent, and the diarrhea frequency of pigs is reduced; can obviously improve the growth performance of pigs such as daily average feed intake, feed conversion ratio and the like. Based on various excellent technical effects, the invention provides the application of the feed additive in preparing feed or veterinary drugs.

Wherein the feed or veterinary drug is feed or veterinary drug for improving pig growth performance, reducing pig diarrhea frequency, promoting swine fever antibody production or promoting apparent digestibility of pig.

When the feed additive is prepared, mulberry leaves, angelica sinensis, radix rehmanniae, radix paeoniae alba, ligusticum wallichii, flos sophorae, rhizoma alismatis, radix linderae, fennel, cinnamon, sandalwood, eupatorium, rhizoma cyperi and radix polygonati officinalis are respectively crushed, dried and then uniformly mixed to obtain the feed additive.

The pulverization can adopt superfine pulverization, so as to be convenient for the absorption and utilization of pigs, and the superfine pulverization preferably has 200-mesh powder; and drying at 60 deg.C for 30 min.

According to the technical scheme, the invention selects 14 appropriate natural components from the traditional Chinese medicines to prepare the live pig feed additive based on the monarch, minister, assistant and guide compatibility principle and starting from the viscera and the endocrine system of the live pigs, so that the growth performance of the pigs can be improved, the apparent digestibility of the pigs can be improved, the immune function of the pigs can be improved, the diarrhea frequency of the live pigs can be reduced, the swine fever antibody level can be improved, and compared with a similar single-function product, the live pig feed additive has multiple functional effects, avoids the use of antibiotics, and has a better application range and a better prospect.

Detailed Description

The invention discloses a feed additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a person skilled in the art can appropriately improve process parameters by referring to the contents in the text. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. The feed additive and the preparation method and application thereof of the present invention are described by the preferred embodiments, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the technology of the present invention can be implemented and applied by modifying or properly changing and combining the feed additive and the preparation method and application thereof described herein without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention.

The feed additive provided by the invention, the preparation method and the application thereof are further explained below.

Example 1: preparation of the feed additive of the invention

1. Composition of

2. Preparation method

Cleaning folium Mori, radix Angelicae sinensis, radix rehmanniae, radix Paeoniae alba, rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, flos Sophorae Immaturus, Alismatis rhizoma, radix Linderae, fructus Foeniculi, cortex Cinnamomi, lignum Santali albi, herba Eupatorii, rhizoma Cyperi, and rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, checking the mark of good and clean state of the micronizer, respectively operating the above materials according to the micronizer operating procedure, and completely pulverizing into 220 mesh micropowder;

placing the superfine powder in a hot air circulating oven, and drying the superfine powder at 60 ℃ until the water content meets the requirement, generally about 30 minutes, according to the operation rules of the hot air circulating oven, wherein the thickness of the superfine powder in a baking pan is 3 cm;

weighing the superfine powder according to the parts by weight, adding all the superfine powder into a mixer, mixing for 30 minutes, and uniformly mixing.

Example 2: influence of different mulberry leaf dosage on piglet growth performance, apparent digestibility, diarrhea and swine fever antibody

Control group: basal formula daily ration;

test group i: 50 parts of mulberry leaf, 6 parts of angelica, 8 parts of radix rehmanniae, 12 parts of white peony root, 3 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 22 parts of sophora flower, 17 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 9 parts of radix linderae, 13 parts of fennel, 11 parts of cinnamon, 7 parts of sandalwood, 6 parts of eupatorium fortunei, 8 parts of rhizoma cyperi and 11 parts of radix polygonati officinalis. Adding into basal formula daily ration (same as control group, the same below) at a ratio of 1 ‰.

Test group ii: 100 parts of mulberry leaf, 6 parts of angelica, 8 parts of radix rehmanniae, 12 parts of white peony root, 3 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 22 parts of sophora flower, 17 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 9 parts of radix linderae, 13 parts of fennel, 11 parts of cinnamon, 7 parts of sandalwood, 6 parts of eupatorium fortunei, 8 parts of rhizoma cyperi and 11 parts of radix polygonati officinalis. Adding into basal formula daily ration according to the proportion of 1 per mill.

Test group iii: 150 parts of mulberry leaf, 6 parts of angelica, 8 parts of radix rehmanniae, 12 parts of white peony root, 3 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 22 parts of sophora flower, 17 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 9 parts of radix linderae, 13 parts of fennel, 11 parts of cinnamon, 7 parts of sandalwood, 6 parts of eupatorium fortunei, 8 parts of rhizoma cyperi and 11 parts of radix polygonati officinalis. Adding into basal formula daily ration according to the proportion of 1 per mill.

Test group IV: 200 parts of mulberry leaf, 6 parts of angelica, 8 parts of radix rehmanniae, 12 parts of white peony root, 3 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 22 parts of sophora flower, 17 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 9 parts of radix linderae, 13 parts of fennel, 11 parts of cinnamon, 7 parts of sandalwood, 6 parts of eupatorium fortunei, 8 parts of rhizoma cyperi and 11 parts of radix polygonati officinalis. Adding into basal formula daily ration according to the proportion of 1 per mill.

1. Growth performance

Measuring the influence of each group on the average daily feed intake and the feed conversion ratio of nursery pigs, starting in 2017 in 4 months, randomly selecting 750 weaned piglets, dividing the weaned piglets into five test groups, repeating five groups in each group, and repeating 30 weaned piglets in each group, respectively feeding daily rations of a control group, a test I group, a test II group, a test III group and a test IV group, recording the initial average weight, the end average weight and the feed intake under the same feeding condition, and obtaining the influence of each group on the average daily feed intake and the feed conversion ratio of the weaned piglets by comparing the test for 42 days.

All data were tested for significance using SPSS 16.0 statistical software and multiple comparisons were made using the LSD method, with results expressed as mean. + -. standard deviation, as shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Note: the difference is not obvious when the same column of shoulder mark lower case letters are the same (P > 0.05); the difference between the same column of shoulder marks with lower case letters is significant (P < 0.05).

As can be seen from the table above, the difference between the control group and the test group I is not obvious, the difference between the test group II and the test group III is not obvious, but the difference between the control group and the test group I is obvious, the difference between the test group IV and the other four groups is obvious, the palatability of the test group IV is poor, the feed intake of pigs is seriously influenced, the test group IV is not suitable for actual production, the test group II and the test group III can achieve ideal effects on the feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio reduction of pigs, and the addition amount of 100 parts of mulberry leaf powder can achieve the best effect.

2. Apparent digestibility

The detection method comprises the following steps: feed and excrement components: the crude protein and crude fat are determined according to the method recommended by national standards GB/T6432-1994 and GB/T6433-2006 of the people's republic of China. Wherein, the crude protein is measured by adopting a Kjeldahl method, and the crude fat is measured by adopting a Soxhlet extraction method.

Determination of nutrient digestibility: fresh feces were collected one week before the end of the test at 8:00 am and 5:00 pm each day, and a portion of each feces sample was separated and added dropwise with 10% hydrochloric acid to fix nitrogen. After the collection is finished, the manure sample is uniformly mixed and dried at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ to prepare an air-dried sample for measuring the digestibility of crude protein. The feces without dropwise adding hydrochloric acid for nitrogen fixation are used for measuring the digestibility of the crude fat. The digestibility was determined by an endogenous indicator method using 4N-HCl insoluble ash.

The formula is given by the formula of 100- (a/b) x (c/d) x l00

Wherein a-acid insoluble ash in feed; b-acid insoluble ash content in the manure sample; c-the content of a certain nutrient in the manure sample; d-the content of a certain nutrient in the feed.

One-way anova was performed using the SPSS model and the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (x ± SD). The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Note: the difference is not obvious when the same shoulder mark lower case letters are the same (P > 0.05); the difference is obvious when the shoulder marks of the same row are different from the lower case letters (P < 0.05).

The influence of the addition amount of 50 parts of mulberry leaf powder in the test I group on the digestion and absorption of the pigs is small, and the crude protein digestibility of the test II group and the test III group is improved by 7 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with that of the control group; the crude fat digestibility is improved by 5.84% (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control group, and the difference is obvious and has statistical significance. Test group IV seriously affected the digestion and absorption of crude protein and crude fat by pigs, and is not suitable for practical production. Comprehensively, the test group II with 100 parts of mulberry leaf powder can improve the production performance of pigs.

3. Frequency of diarrhea

After 5 days from the start of the test, diarrhea of piglets in each group was continuously observed and recorded for 15 days, and diarrhea frequency was calculated.

Calculating the formula: diarrhea frequency (%). Total diarrhea daily/(number of test pigs X number of test days) × 100%

Wherein: the number of diarrhea days is one day of diarrhea of one piglet every day.

One-way anova was performed using the SPSS model and the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (x ± SD). The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

Item	Control group	Test group I	Test II group	Test group III	Test group IV
						Frequency of diarrhea	0.14±0.02^a	0.10±0.03^a	0.09±0.02^ab	0.09±0.01^ab	0.26±0.06^bc

Compared with a control group, the diarrhea frequency of the weaned piglets in the test II group and the test III group is reduced by 35.71%, the difference is obvious (p is less than 0.05), and the statistical significance is realized. The weaned piglets in the test group IV have higher diarrhea rate, and the test group II with 100 parts of mulberry leaf powder is more ideal in actual production.

4. Influence on antibody level after immunization of piglet swine fever vaccine

The level of antibody to hog cholera was determined in each replicate using an ELISA assay. The piglet is 28 days old before the test, and the piglet is 72 days old after the test, the vena cava is collected, the serum is separated, and the antibody is measured. The experiment is carried out on a 60-day-old piglet non-immune hog cholera vaccine provided by Wuhan Zhongbo company. The results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4

In the test, the ELISA reagent is purchased from Shanghai Haili animal biological products, LLC, and the determination standard is as follows: hog cholera: the OD630 value of the sample is more than or equal to 0.35, and the sample is judged to be positive (+); the sample OD630 value was < 0.35, and it was judged as negative (-)

The test II group and the test III group can obviously improve the antibody level of the weaned piglet after the immunization of the swine fever secondary vaccine, and the effect is obviously better than that of the test I group and the test IV group.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive is characterized by comprising, by weight, 100 parts of mulberry leaves, 6 parts of angelica sinensis, 8 parts of radix rehmanniae, 12 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 3 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 22 parts of flos sophorae, 17 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 9 parts of radix linderae, 13 parts of fennel, 11 parts of cinnamon, 7 parts of sandalwood, 6 parts of herba eupatorii, 8 parts of rhizoma cyperi and 11 parts of radix polygonati officinalis.

2. Use of the feed additive of claim 1 in the preparation of a feed or veterinary medicament.

3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the feed or veterinary drug is a feed or veterinary drug for improving growth performance of pigs, reducing the frequency of diarrhea in pigs, promoting the production of antibodies to swine fever, or promoting apparent digestibility in pigs.

4. The method for preparing a feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the feed additive is obtained by pulverizing, drying and mixing together mulberry leaves, angelica, radix rehmanniae, white peony roots, ligusticum wallichii, sophora flowers, alisma orientale, lindera aggregata, fennel, cinnamon, sandalwood, eupatorium, cyperus rotundus and polygonatum odoratum, respectively.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pulverization is carried out as ultrafine pulverization.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the micronization is carried out to obtain a powder of 200 mesh.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes.