CN108047427A - 一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料 - Google Patents

一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料 Download PDF

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CN108047427A
CN108047427A CN201711390835.2A CN201711390835A CN108047427A CN 108047427 A CN108047427 A CN 108047427A CN 201711390835 A CN201711390835 A CN 201711390835A CN 108047427 A CN108047427 A CN 108047427A
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刘伟涛
蔡嫦玫
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Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料，由A组分和B组分组成，其中，按重量份数计，A组分由如下的原料组成：硅藻土10～60份、二元醇或多元醇5～40份、催化剂三乙醇胺0～5份和发泡剂0.1～5份；B组分为甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（PIDI）和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯（HDI）中的一种或至少两种的混合物；其制备方法是：将A组分混合均匀后，然后将A组分和B组分按重量比1：0.1～2混合，搅拌分散后，浇入模具，成型出模即得。本发明采用的硅藻土和聚氨酯体系，吸附挂膜性能超过普通吸附材料，具有出色的力学性能和良好的耐酸碱性能，最终实现硅藻土/聚氨酯吸附复合材料在生活污水或炼油废水处理中的应用。

Description

一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种模具浇铸或注塑的环保复合材料。
背景技术
生活污水或炼油废水微生物处理过程中，载体吸附微生物挂膜性能是关键因素之一。聚氨酯材料拥有出色的耐酸碱惰性，多孔结构为微生物的吸附提供了更大的比表面积。国外聚氨酯制备的悬浮载体有德国LINDE公司开发的“LINPOR PROCESS”，德国拜尔开发的LEVAPOR和英国Simon Hartley公司研发的CAPTOR系统。开发的聚氨酯载体密度略小于水，形状各异，多孔状，表面与内部均可长满微生物。既能在生物膜法为主的工艺中独立使用，也能投到活性污泥系统中加大污水处理效率。
但是，普通聚氨酯材料与活性污泥的生物相容性不够好，相互间作用力不够高。富含微生物的活性污泥在聚氨酯表面上的吸附量较少，且易于从聚氨酯表面脱落，降低了活性污泥在污水处理池中污水处理效率。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种新型环保的硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料，通过加入硅藻土，使多元醇/聚氨酯体系固化后，呈现出优异的生物相容性，以及耐酸碱性、耐冲击性能、刚性和强度等。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料，由A组分和B组分组成，其中， 按重量份数计，A组分由如下的原料组成：硅藻土10～60份、二元醇或多元醇5～40份、三乙醇胺0～5份和发泡剂0.1～5份；B组分为甲苯二异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或至少两种的混合物；其制备方法是：将A组分混合均匀后，然后将A组分和B组分按重量比1：0.1～2混合，搅拌分散后，浇入模具，成型出模即得。
上述中，加入硅藻土，是为了提高复合材料的生物相容性和吸附能力，作为复合材料的基体材料。
优选的是，A组分和B组分按重量比1：0.2～1混合。
优选的是，二元醇为聚乙二醇或乙二醇，多元醇为丙三醇。加入二元醇或多元醇，是为了与二异氰酸酯类固化剂反应，得到性能优良的硅藻土/聚氨酯挂膜材料。
优选的是，催化剂为三乙醇胺，加入催化剂，是为了硅藻土/聚氨酯体系更快固化。
优选的是，发泡剂为丙酮。加入发泡剂，是为了在硅藻土/聚氨酯吸附材料表面和内部形成多种形状微孔。
优选的是，二异氰酸酯类固化剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯，但不限于上述所列聚氨酯类固化剂。
本发明得到的复合材料可以作为污水处理中微生物膜载体的应用，作为曝气生物滤池挂膜。
本发明所述硅藻土/聚氨酯环保复合材料可代替现有非极性树脂（如聚乙烯PE，聚丙烯PP，聚氯乙烯PVC等）和普通聚氨酯树脂制造吸附材料的不足。不足之处有二。一是这些未改性树脂生物相容性差，在污水处理池中吸附活性污泥的量较少，影响了污水处理池处理废水的效率。二是纯树脂制成的生物质挂膜材料，成本较高，硅藻土作为价格比较低的填料，有效的降低了吸附材料的成本。本发明解决了上述问题的同时，还具有良好的耐酸碱性能，耐冲击性能、耐弯曲等性能。本发明所述硅藻土/聚氨酯环保复合材料可用浇铸、注塑等方法灵活生产，生产过程无尘、无味、安全，人工成本低，生产效率高。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施案例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例一：
将A组分中的硅藻土70Kg、聚乙二醇1000 26Kg、催化剂三乙醇胺2 Kg、发泡剂2Kg混合均匀，B组分由甲苯二异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯按重量比3：7的比例混合均匀，然后将A组分和B组分按重量比1:1混合均匀，搅拌分散后，浇入模具，静置1小时，，成型出模即得。
实施例二：
将A组分中的硅藻土50 Kg、聚乙二醇1000 20 Kg、丙三醇26 Kg、催化剂三乙醇胺2Kg和发泡剂2Kg混合均匀，B组分为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，然后将A组分和B组分按重量比1:0.5混合，搅拌分散后，浇入模具，静置1小时，成型出模即得。
实施例三：
将A组分中的硅藻土60 Kg，乙二醇20 Kg、丙三醇15 Kg、催化剂三乙醇胺3 Kg和发泡剂2 Kg混合均匀，将B组分中的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯按按重量比4：1的比例混合均匀，然后将A组分和B组分按重量比1:0.8混合，搅拌分散后，浇入模具，加热至70℃，保持温度30分钟，静置1小时后，成型出模。
实施例四：
将A组分中的硅藻土80 Kg、乙二醇13.5 Kg、丙三醇5 Kg、催化剂三乙醇胺1 Kg和发泡剂0.5 Kg混合均匀，将B组分中的甲苯二异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯按重量比7：3的比例混合均匀，然后将A组分和B组分按重量比1:0.2混合均匀后，搅拌分散后，浇入模具，静置1小时后，成型出模。
污水生物处理滤池主要由悬浮填料载体、布水系统、曝气系统、出水系统以及反冲洗系统组成。它是一种厌氧污水处理工艺。在曝气条件下，经过培养，在悬浮填料载体上挂膜形成活性污泥，污水经过的时候，附着在填料上的污泥里的微生物起氧化分解或吸附作用来，将污染物转为代谢产物，污水得到处理。
因此，采用何种树脂作为活性污泥的载体，以致单位质量的载体尽可能多的吸附降解污水的活性污泥，是提高污水生物处理池效率的一个关键因素。
以下是普通树脂和改性聚氨酯树脂作为活性污泥的载体，在生物污水处理池中吸附活性污泥能力的测试结果：
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于，由A组分和B组分组成，其中， 按重量份数计，A组分由如下的原料组成：硅藻土10～60份、二元醇或多元醇5～40份、催化剂0～5份和发泡剂0.1～5份；B组分为甲苯二异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或至少两种的混合物；其制备方法是：将A组分混合均匀后，然后将A组分和B组分按重量比1：0.1～2混合，搅拌分散后，浇入模具，成型出模即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于，A组分和B组分按重量比1：0.2～1混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于，二元醇为聚乙二醇1000或乙二醇，多元醇为丙三醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于，催化剂为三乙醇胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于，发泡剂为丙酮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅藻土/聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于，二异氰酸酯类固化剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
7.权利要求1-6所述任一复合材料作为污水处理中微生物膜载体的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，该复合材料作为曝气生物滤池挂膜。
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