CN108045040A - 一种挤出复合石塑地板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种挤出复合石塑地板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108045040A
CN108045040A CN201711336775.6A CN201711336775A CN108045040A CN 108045040 A CN108045040 A CN 108045040A CN 201711336775 A CN201711336775 A CN 201711336775A CN 108045040 A CN108045040 A CN 108045040A
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张若飞
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M & L International Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种挤出复合石塑地板及其制备方法，所述的石塑地板由底材层、中间层和耐磨层组成，并在底材层和耐磨层均加入了双组份聚氨酯弹性体，并通过挤出、热压成型制得所述石塑地板。本发明在石塑地板中加入双组份聚氨酯弹性体，利用聚氨酯弹性体的性能，消除了因PVC材料和大理石粉收缩比差距大所造成的空隙、气泡或气室，增大了木塑地板的耐磨性、耐冲击性、抗震性、机械强度和阻隔性等性能，在室内装潢领域获得了广泛的应用。

Description

一种挤出复合石塑地板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于石塑地板加工技术领域，具体涉及一种挤出复合石塑地板及其制备方法。
背景技术
地板在室内装潢已越来越多的被使用，地板包括实木地板、强化复合木地板、实木复合地板、竹木地板、软木地板。实木地板或复合木地板，需要使用大量的木材，不利于环保，地板表面耐冲击性差，不能很好的防水、防潮、防腐蚀，日常保养工作量较大，后期维护和使用成本较高。石塑地板因具有防水、耐磨、使用寿命长等特点而深受广大消费者喜爱。然而，传统方法制得的石塑地板，由于PVC材料和石粉（如碳酸钙）这两种材料的热收缩比相差很大，很容易形成大小不一的空隙、气泡或气室，由此得到的石塑地板强度不高，产品性能不稳定。因此，发明一种性能更加稳定、强度更高的石塑地板是很有意义的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术不足，提供一种挤出复合石塑地板及其制备方法。本发明在石塑地板中加入双组份聚氨酯弹性体，利用聚氨酯弹性体的性能，消除了因PVC材料和大理石粉收缩比差距大所造成的空隙、气泡或气室，增大了木塑地板的耐磨性、耐冲击性、抗震性、机械强度和阻隔性等性能，在室内装潢领域获得了广泛的应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种挤出复合石塑地板，由底材层、中间层和耐磨层组成；所述耐磨层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体24~30份、大理石粉150~180份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 15~20份、阻燃增塑剂20~30份、热稳定剂3~5份、抗氧剂1~3份、抗老化剂1~3份和着色剂0.5~1.5份；
所述中间层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维35~55份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 3~5份、增塑剂15~20份、热稳定剂3~6份和润滑剂1~3份；
所述底材层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体32~36份、大理石粉200~250份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 20~25份、增塑剂25~30份、热稳定剂8~10份和润滑剂1~3份。
所述双组份聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为：按重量份数计，先将25份聚乙二醇和12份氧化石墨烯混合，真空脱水后，在氮气保护下，加入38份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，随后加入锡类催化剂1.2份，在80℃恒温下以35r/min的速度搅拌反应2h后，加入1份小分子扩链剂乙二胺反应30min得到聚氨酯预聚体；在80℃恒温下，再加入1份交联剂三羟甲基丙烷，搅拌反应2.5h，降温制得所述双组份聚氨酯弹性体。
所述地板耐磨层的原料组成中，阻燃增塑剂是由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为(1.5~3):1组成。
如上所述的挤出复合石塑地板的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）耐磨层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在140~160℃制得板材；
（2）中间层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在150~170℃制得板材；
（3）底材层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在155~165℃制得板材；
（4）复合成型：将上述步骤制得的底材层、中间层和耐磨层依次铺设，并在180℃、25MPa下热压成型，制得所述复合石塑地板。
上述双组份聚氨酯弹性体的制备过程中，先是将聚乙二醇和氧化石墨烯混合，这两种物质并不会发生反应，然后加入了异氰酸酯和锡类催化剂，此时聚乙二醇会和异氰酸酯发生反应生成聚氨酯，同时由于氧化石墨烯上含有大量的羟基基团，其也会和异氰酸酯发生反应，接枝上异氰酸根，那么随着这两个反应的同时进行，加入扩链剂和交联剂后，聚氨酯和氧化石墨烯不仅会发生自身的扩链交联，而且还会发生相互交联，形成成分均匀的交联结构。本发明将双组份聚氨酯弹性体加入到石塑地板中，能够消除因PVC材料和大理石粉收缩比差距大所造成的空隙、气泡或气室，从而提高石塑地板的性能和稳定性。
本发明的有益效果在于：
（1）本发明的复合石塑地板在顶层和底层中均加入了双组份聚氨酯弹性体，利用聚氨酯弹性体的性能，消除了因PVC材料和大理石粉收缩比差距大所造成的空隙、气泡或气室，增大了木塑地板的耐磨性、耐冲击性、抗震性、机械强度等性能；
（2）本发明通过将氧化石墨烯和聚氨酯复合制得双组份聚氨酯弹性体，并将其添加到石塑地板中，能大大提高石塑地板耐磨层的阻隔性；
（3）本发明通过对石塑地板不同层的配方设计，并选择合适的叠放次序进行组合，所制备的石塑地板每层均有不同的性能：耐磨层由于聚氨酯弹性体以及抗老化剂等的加入，使其具有很好的表面耐候性、机械性能以及阻隔性；中间层主要是隔热防水层，起到隔热、防水、耐压、耐冲击等作用；底材层具有很强的抓地力，能够使地板平整且不易移位；
（4）本发明选用氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯复配作为PVC粉的增塑剂，不仅具有良好的增塑作用，同时具有优良的阻燃、抑烟效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明不仅仅限于这些实施例。
双组份聚氨酯弹性体的制备：按重量份数计，先将25份聚乙二醇和12份氧化石墨烯混合，真空脱水后，在氮气保护下，加入38份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，随后加入锡类催化剂1.2份，在80℃恒温下以35r/min的速度搅拌反应2h后，加入1份小分子扩链剂乙二胺反应30min得到聚氨酯预聚体；在80℃恒温下，再加入1份交联剂三羟甲基丙烷，搅拌反应2.5h，降温制得所述双组份聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例1
一种挤出复合石塑地板，由底材层、中间层和耐磨层组成；所述耐磨层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体24份、大理石粉150份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS15份、阻燃增塑剂20份、热稳定剂3份、抗氧剂1份、抗老化剂1份和着色剂0.5份；所述阻燃增塑剂是由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为1.5:1组成；
所述中间层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维35份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 3份、增塑剂15份、热稳定剂3份和润滑剂1份；
所述底材层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体32份、大理石粉200份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 20份、增塑剂25份、热稳定剂8份和润滑剂1份。
如上所述的挤出复合石塑地板的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）耐磨层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在140℃制得板材；
（2）中间层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在150℃制得板材；
（3）底材层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在155℃制得板材；
（4）复合成型：将上述步骤制得的底材层、中间层和耐磨层依次铺设，并在180℃、25MPa下热压成型，制得所述复合石塑地板。
实施例2
一种挤出复合石塑地板，由底材层、中间层和耐磨层组成；所述耐磨层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体30份、大理石粉180份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS20份、阻燃增塑剂30份、热稳定剂5份、抗氧剂3份、抗老化剂3份和着色剂1.5份；所述阻燃增塑剂是由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为3:1组成；
所述中间层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维55份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 5份、增塑剂20份、热稳定剂6份和润滑剂3份；
所述底材层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体36份、大理石粉250份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 25份、增塑剂30份、热稳定剂10份和润滑剂3份。
如上所述的挤出复合石塑地板的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）耐磨层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在160℃制得板材；
（2）中间层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在170℃制得板材；
（3）底材层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在165℃制得板材；
（4）复合成型：将上述步骤制得的底材层、中间层和耐磨层依次铺设，并在180℃、25MPa下热压成型，制得所述复合石塑地板。
实施例3
一种挤出复合石塑地板，由底材层、中间层和耐磨层组成；所述耐磨层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体27份、大理石粉165份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS18份、阻燃增塑剂25份、热稳定剂4份、抗氧剂2份、抗老化剂2份和着色剂1份；所述阻燃增塑剂是由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为2:1组成；
所述中间层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维45份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 4份、增塑剂18份、热稳定剂5份和润滑剂2份；
所述底材层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体34份、大理石粉225份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 22份、增塑剂28份、热稳定剂9份和润滑剂2份。
如上所述的挤出复合石塑地板的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）耐磨层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在150℃制得板材；
（2）中间层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在160℃制得板材；
（3）底材层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在160℃制得板材；
（4）复合成型：将上述步骤制得的底材层、中间层和耐磨层依次铺设，并在180℃、25MPa下热压成型，制得所述复合石塑地板。
对比例1
一种挤出复合石塑地板，由底材层、中间层和耐磨层组成；所述耐磨层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、大理石粉165份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 18份、阻燃增塑剂25份、热稳定剂4份、抗氧剂2份、抗老化剂2份和着色剂1份；所述阻燃增塑剂是由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为2:1组成；
所述中间层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维45份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 4份、增塑剂18份、热稳定剂5份和润滑剂2份；
所述底材层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、大理石粉225份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 22份、增塑剂28份、热稳定剂9份和润滑剂2份。
该石塑地板的加工工艺与上述实施例相同，均是采用挤出、热压成型的方法。
对比例2
一种挤出复合石塑地板，由底材层、中间层和耐磨层组成；所述耐磨层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、聚氨酯弹性体27份、大理石粉165份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 18份、阻燃增塑剂25份、热稳定剂4份、抗氧剂2份、抗老化剂2份和着色剂1份；所述阻燃增塑剂是由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为2:1组成；
所述中间层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维45份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 4份、增塑剂18份、热稳定剂5份和润滑剂2份；
所述底材层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、聚氨酯弹性体34份、大理石粉225份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 22份、增塑剂28份、热稳定剂9份和润滑剂2份。
所述聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为：按重量份数计，在氮气保护下，将25份聚乙二醇和38份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯混合，随后加入锡类催化剂1.2份，在80℃恒温下以35r/min的速度搅拌反应2h后，加入1份小分子扩链剂乙二胺反应30min得到聚氨酯预聚体；在80℃恒温下，再加入1份交联剂三羟甲基丙烷，搅拌反应2.5h，降温制得所述聚氨酯弹性体。
该石塑地板的加工工艺与上述实施例相同，均是采用挤出、热压成型的方法。
性能测试：
参照GBT 11982.1-2005 聚氯乙烯卷材地板的测试方法，将上述实施例以及对比例加工制成标准样条，对其拉伸强度、耐磨性、撕裂强度、干燥收缩值、常温落球冲击、低温落锤冲击、抗冻融性、氧指数、阻隔性进行测试，结果如表1所示。
表1 复合石塑地板的性能
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种挤出复合石塑地板，其特征在于：所述石塑地板由底材层、中间层和耐磨层组成；所述耐磨层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体24~30份、大理石粉150~180份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 15~20份、阻燃增塑剂20~30份、热稳定剂3~5份、抗氧剂1~3份、抗老化剂1~3份和着色剂0.5~1.5份；
所述中间层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、玻璃纤维35~55份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 3~5份、增塑剂15~20份、热稳定剂3~6份和润滑剂1~3份；
所述底材层由以下质量份数的原料制得：PVC粉100份、双组份聚氨酯弹性体32~36份、大理石粉200~250份、钛酸酯偶联剂KR-TTS 20~25份、增塑剂25~30份、热稳定剂8~10份和润滑剂1~3份；
所述双组份聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为：按重量份数计，先将25份聚乙二醇和12份氧化石墨烯混合，真空脱水后，在氮气保护下，加入38份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，随后加入锡类催化剂1.2份，在80℃恒温下以35r/min的速度搅拌反应2h后，加入1份小分子扩链剂乙二胺反应30min得到聚氨酯预聚体；在80℃恒温下，再加入1份交联剂三羟甲基丙烷，搅拌反应2.5h，降温制得所述双组份聚氨酯弹性体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挤出复合石塑地板，其特征在于：所述地板耐磨层的原料组成中，阻燃增塑剂是由氯化石蜡-70和四溴代邻苯二甲酸酯按质量比为(1.5~3):1组成。
3.一种制备如权利要求1所述的挤出复合石塑地板的方法，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤：
（1）耐磨层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在140~160℃制得板材；
（2）中间层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在150~170℃制得板材；
（3）底材层的制备：将原料组分通过高速混合机混合均匀，投入挤出机，在155~165℃制得板材；
（4）复合成型：将上述步骤制得的底材层、中间层和耐磨层依次铺设，并在180℃、25MPa下热压成型，制得所述复合石塑地板。
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