CN108045032B - 一种基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108045032B
CN108045032B CN201711221313.XA CN201711221313A CN108045032B CN 108045032 B CN108045032 B CN 108045032B CN 201711221313 A CN201711221313 A CN 201711221313A CN 108045032 B CN108045032 B CN 108045032B
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吴景霞
王兵杰
邓珏
徐群
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Ningguo Longsheng Flexible Energy Storage Materials Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法，涉及柔性可穿戴电子器件技术领域，本发明所述石墨烯导电传感织物采用三维编织与复合技术，其基底由导电纱线与普通纱线混合编织的织物构成，介质基片由介电性能优良的普通织物构成，各个部件通过简单复合工艺组成为一个整体。在施加压力作用下，织物的三明治结构发生变形，从而导致织物的工作电阻发生变化，通过对电流电压信号的监测反推织物三明治结构的压力变形情况，从而实现织物压力电阻传感监测功能，为多功能纺织品和智能纺织品的结构设计提供了一种新的设计思路。

Description

一种基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及柔性可穿戴电子器件技术领域，具体涉及一种基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法。
背景技术：
传统的应变传感器种类主要是电阻应变传感器，其在外力作用下能够产生机械形变，从而使电阻值发生相应变化。电阻应变片主要有金属(金属丝式、箔式和薄膜式)和半导体两类。然而基于半导体或金属材质的应变传感器柔韧性差，检测灵敏度有限，难以满足便携式可穿戴电子设备的要求。近年来研究人员致力于开发可穿戴型应变传感器，因其具有一定柔性、贴合性、灵敏度、快速响应性、使用耐久性等特点，在医疗、运动检测、人机互动等方面具有重要的应用前景。
目前为止，柔性应变传感器件先后经历了不同发展历程：第一阶段是将普通电子元件如传感器、存储器、芯片等设计植入到面料或服装中。但是这种传感器不能折叠和清洗，难以大规模生产。第二阶段是将电子元件微量化，与纤维进行复合，经过编织制成电子智能纺织品。这种传感器传感元件较为单一，不易多次使用。近期开发新型柔性电子材料，如纳米金属材料、纳米碳材料及复合弹性电子材料等成为研究热点。相比较，新型柔性电子材料具有较好的柔性、高导电性及低成本大批量生产的潜力，成为柔性应变传感器研究的热点。而如何制备绿色、低成本、低能耗同时具有优异性能的柔性应变传感器成为柔性可穿戴应变传感器的产化应用面临的重要挑战。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种灵敏度高，透气性和循环稳定性好且制备操作简便的基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
一种基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)选择一种石墨烯导电长丝，与普通长丝或纱线交织成径向或者纬向单向导电的织物以作为基底，每一导电长丝作为电极端，连接外接芯片或信号检测端口，分析长丝电阻值与压力传感电阻变化值的关系；
(2)选择一种石墨烯导电短纤，与普通短纤一起织造成无纺布，平铺在基底上至一定厚度以作为中间层，导电短纤无规分布在普通短纤中，分析无规短纤的含量、无纺布厚度与压力传感灵敏度的关系；
(3)在中间层的上层均匀平铺一层普通织物作为保护层，复合成为一个整体的、压力变形时电阻变化明显且存在线性规律的织物传感器。
所述步骤(1)中石墨烯导电长丝的直径为50-200μm，比电阻小于100Ω·cm。
所述步骤(1)中石墨烯导电长丝的断裂应力在3.0-6.0cN/dtex，断裂伸长率在10-60％。
所述步骤(1)中石墨烯导电长丝与普通长丝或纱线的交织密度可以任意选择。
所述步骤(2)中石墨烯导电短纤的比电阻小于100Ω·cm。
所述步骤(2)中普通短纤选自氨纶短纤、涤纶短纤、粘胶短纤维、丙纶短纤、聚酰胺短纤维、橡胶纤维中的一种。
所述步骤(2)中石墨烯导电短纤和普通短纤的断裂伸长率在10-60％。
所述步骤(2)中无纺布的厚度为0.01-0.3cm，面电阻在10-100000Ω/cm 2。
所述步骤(3)中普通织物的种类包括天然纤维织物、天然动物织物、人造合成纤维织物。
本发明所述石墨烯导电传感织物采用三维编织与复合技术，其基底由导电纱线与普通纱线混合编织的织物构成，介质基片由介电性能优良的普通织物构成，各个部件通过简单复合工艺组成为一个整体。在施加压力作用下，织物的三明治结构发生变形，从而导致织物的工作电阻发生变化，通过对电流电压信号的监测反推织物三明治结构的压力变形情况，从而实现织物压力电阻传感监测功能，为多功能纺织品和智能纺织品的结构设计提供了一种新的设计思路。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)将容易压缩变形的纺织品与电信号传输相结合，实现了简单电阻-压力传感功能的传感织物；
(2)所制传感织物具有灵敏度高，透气性和循环稳定性好等特点；
(3)所制传感织物具有柔性的纺织结构，可通过调整纱线参数和结构参数控制织物的压缩变形程度，进而调控传感织物的灵敏度；
(4)采用简单的经纬编织与复合工艺，产品生产成本较低，性能稳定，有利于推广使用，在军工国防、人体运动监测、智能服装与智能结构领域具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明：
图1为本发明石墨烯导电传感织物的制备结构图；
图2为本发明石墨烯导电传感织物的示意图。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体图示和实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
如图1和图2所示，将55D腈纶长丝浸泡石墨烯导电浆料，制备石墨烯导电长丝，通过降低石墨烯的粒径，提高导电长丝的导电性能，使比电阻小于100Ω·cm；将导电长丝与其他普通化纤交织成织物，导电纤维之间的间隙在0.2mm左右形成基底；同样使用类似的方法制备3D石墨烯导电晴纶短纤，比电阻小于100Ω·cm，将导电短纤与氨纶混合织造成无纺布，导电短纤所占的比例为20％，无纺布的厚度为2mm；最上层为涤纶布，形成三明治结构。
该导电织物在外力作用下，电阻变化值在5kΩ-100kΩ范围内，并且电阻变化值在0-10N力的范围内基本呈线性。
实施例2
如图1和图2所示，将55D尼龙长丝浸泡石墨烯导电浆料，制备石墨烯导电长丝，通过降低石墨烯的粒径，提高导电长丝的导电性能，使比电阻小于50Ω·cm；将导电长丝与其他普通化纤交织成织物，导电纤维之间的间隙在0.2mm左右形成基底；同样使用类似的方法制备3D石墨烯导电尼龙短纤，比电阻小于80Ω·cm，将导电短纤与氨纶混合织造成无纺布，导电短纤所占的比例为40％，无纺布的厚度为1mm；最上层为涤纶布，形成三明治结构。
该导电织物在外力作用下，电阻变化值在2kΩ-20kΩ范围内，并且电阻变化值在0-1N力的范围内基本呈线性。
实施例3
如图1和图2所示，将20D丙纶长丝浸泡石墨烯导电浆料，制备石墨烯导电长丝，通过降低石墨烯的粒径，提高导电长丝的导电性能，使比电阻小于300Ω·cm；将导电长丝与其他普通化纤交织成织物，导电纤维之间的间隙在0.1mm左右形成基底；同样使用类似的方法制备3D石墨烯导电丙纶短纤，比电阻小于500Ω·cm，将导电短纤与氨纶混合织造成无纺布，导电短纤所占的比例为20％，无纺布的厚度为1mm；最上层为涤纶布，形成三明治结构。
该导电织物在外力作用下，电阻变化值在10kΩ-500kΩ范围内，并且电阻变化值在0-3N力的范围内基本呈线性。未加入中间短纤维导电层的导电织物不能呈现线性变化。
该方法制备的导电织物具有很强的耐水洗性，以国标(GBT5713-2013，纺织品色牢度试验耐水色牢度)测试水洗400h后，织物电阻上升在3％以内，其电阻与压力的关系仍然呈现线性关系。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)选择一种石墨烯导电长丝，与普通长丝或纱线交织成径向或者纬向单向导电的织物以作为基底，每一导电长丝作为电极端，连接外接芯片或信号检测端口，分析长丝电阻值与压力传感电阻变化值的关系；
(2)选择一种石墨烯导电短纤，与普通短纤一起织造成无纺布，平铺在基底上至一定厚度以作为中间层，导电短纤无规分布在普通短纤中，导电短纤所占的比例为20％或40％，分析无规短纤的含量、无纺布厚度与压力传感灵敏度的关系；
(3)在中间层的上层均匀平铺一层普通织物作为保护层，复合成为一个整体的、压力变形时电阻变化明显且存在线性规律的织物传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中石墨烯导电长丝的直径为50-200μm，比电阻小于100Ω·cm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中石墨烯导电长丝的断裂应力在3.0-6.0cN/dtex，断裂伸长率在10-60％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中石墨烯导电长丝与普通长丝或纱线的交织密度可以任意选择。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中石墨烯导电短纤的比电阻小于100Ω·cm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中石墨烯导电短纤和普通短纤的断裂伸长率在10-60％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于石墨烯的导电传感织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中无纺布厚度为0.01-0.3cm，面电阻在10-100000Ω/cm 2。
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