CN108043859A - A kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash innocuity disposal system and method - Google Patents
A kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash innocuity disposal system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108043859A CN108043859A CN201711251081.2A CN201711251081A CN108043859A CN 108043859 A CN108043859 A CN 108043859A CN 201711251081 A CN201711251081 A CN 201711251081A CN 108043859 A CN108043859 A CN 108043859A
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/10—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in stationary drums or troughs, provided with kneading or mixing appliances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/14—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in rotating dishes or pans
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash innocuity disposal systems, include at least：Flying dust preprocessing subsystem for carrying out multi-stage water wash to flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration, obtains flying dust filter residue；Subsystem is granulated, for the flying dust filter residue to be mixed with formula added material, and granulation processing is carried out, forms fly ash granule；Plasma fusion processing subsystem for carrying out plasma melting processing to the fly ash granule from the granulation subsystem, forms glass crystal and cools down；Vent gas treatment subsystem, for carrying out harmless treatment to tail gas caused by the plasma fusion processing subsystem.The invention also discloses corresponding methods.Implement the present invention, can realize making fly-ash from incineration harmless, stabilisation and disposal of resources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing technology fields of domestic garbage incineration flyash, and in particular to a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash
Innocuity disposal system and method.
Background technology
Waste incineration disposal technology has become the one preferred technique of China's processing domestic waste and part industrial refuse,
The amount of burning away the refuse is continuously improved every year, it has also become solves the key breakthrough mouth of municipal refuse besieged city present situation.But waste incineration meeting
Substantial amounts of flying ash is generated, the 3-20% for the gross weight that accounts for burning away the refuse.After testing, flying ash contains a large amount of bioxin, again
The harmful substances such as metal (Cd, Zn, Pb etc.), be listed in " hazardous waste " (《National Hazard waste register》2016 editions)
One of, it is necessary to properly disposal, it is no it will cause the problems such as environmental pollution, and exert far reaching influence to urban sustainable development.
At present mostly using traditional chelating agent stabilization method or cement solidification method processing flying dust, although can be by containing, fettering
And absorption, the harmful substances such as the heavy metal element in flying dust are played with certain stabilization, but all there is problems.Example
Such as, there is the defects of invalid to chloride, bioxin in chelate method, and heavy metal always captures collection rate 60-90% and differs, will to flying dust
Ask high, it is poor for applicability the shortcomings of.Cement solidification method is bigger there are increase-volume, and Leaching of Heavy Metals can be caused after weathering, and chloride is molten
Solution causes the shortcomings of cracking.Meanwhile the current dangerous waste landfill yard limited volume in China, especially metropolitan dangerous waste landfill yard are difficult
To meet flying dust landfill demand, there is an urgent need to develop a kind of new technical grade flying dust is innoxious, disposal of resources technology.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are, provide a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash innocuity disposal system and
Method can carry out harmless treatment to domestic garbage incineration flyash, can realize at making fly-ash from incineration harmless, stabilisation and recycling
It puts.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash harmless treatment system
System including at least flying dust preprocessing subsystem, is granulated subsystem, plasma fusion processing subsystem and vent gas treatment subsystem
System, wherein：
The flying dust preprocessing subsystem for carrying out multi-stage water wash to flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration, obtains
Flying dust filter residue；
Subsystem is granulated, the flying dust preprocessing subsystem back segment is arranged at, for the flying dust filter residue to be added with formula
Material is added to be mixed, and carries out granulation processing, forms fly ash granule；
Plasma fusion processing subsystem is arranged at the granulation subsystem back segment, is melted including at least a plasma
Melt stove, plasma melting processing is carried out to the fly ash granule from the granulation subsystem, forms glass crystal, and it is cold discharging
But the glass crystal is cooled down in pond；
Vent gas treatment subsystem is connected with the plasma fusion processing subsystem, for the plasma
Tail gas caused by melt process subsystem carries out harmless treatment.
Wherein, the flying dust preprocessing subsystem includes：
Flying dust storage warehouse, for storing flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration；
Level-one kitchen sink, is arranged inside agitating device and the pump housing, is provided with water inlet pipe；
First centrifuge is connected with the level-one kitchen sink, and there are one efferent ducts for tool；
Two level kitchen sink, is arranged inside agitating device and the pump housing, is connected with the efferent duct of first centrifuge,
And it is provided with a water inlet pipe；
Second centrifuge is connected with the two level kitchen sink, with outlet pipe and tapping mechanism；
Three-level kitchen sink, is arranged inside agitating device and the pump housing, the tapping mechanism phase with second centrifuge
Even, and it is provided with a water inlet pipe；
3rd centrifuge is connected with the three-level kitchen sink, with outlet pipe and tapping mechanism；
Level-one membrane filter, water inlet end are connected with the outlet pipe of second centrifuge, water outlet and the level-one
The water inlet pipe of kitchen sink is connected；
Secondary membrane device, water inlet end are connected with the outlet pipe of the 3rd centrifuge, water outlet and the two level
The water inlet pipe of kitchen sink is connected.
Wherein, the granulation subsystem includes：
Storage warehouse is formulated, it is described for storing the formula added material of the formula for reducing flying dust filter residue high-temperature fusion
Being formulated added material includes SiO2And FeO；
Mixing granulation device is arranged at the formula storage warehouse lower part and connects, and pre-processed with the flying dust is received
The feed inlet of the pretreated flying dust of subsystem, the mixing granulation device are further provided with mixing vessel and granulating disc
Structure；
First transmitting device is arranged at the outlet of the mixing granulation device.
Wherein, the plasma fusion processing subsystem includes：
Drying and preheating device is used to receive the fly ash granule that the granulation subsystem obtains and carries out drying and preheating, thereon
It is provided with to convey the hot gas air inlet pipe of hot gas, outlet is provided with the second transmitting device；
Plasma melting furnace, is provided with the feed pipe being connected with second transmitting device, and the feed pipe is enterprising
One step is provided at least one charge pipe；It is further provided with exhaust gas air outlet pipe and discharge nozzle；
Cooling bay is arranged at the plasma melting furnace lower part, is connected with an air cooling equipment, and with the drying
Hot gas air inlet pipe on preheater is connected.
Wherein, the level-one membrane filter and secondary membrane device are further provided with reversed water inlet pipe and reversed water outlet
Pipe, the reversed outlet pipe are connected with the mixing granulation device.
Correspondingly, the another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash harmless treatment side
Method is realized in foregoing system, including at least following steps：
Step S10, multi-stage water wash is carried out to flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration in flying dust preprocessing subsystem, is obtained
Obtain flying dust filter residue；
Step S11, in subsystem is granulated, the flying dust filter residue with formula added material is mixed, and is made
Grain processing, forms fly ash granule；
Step S12, in plasma fusion processing subsystem, the fly ash granule from the granulation subsystem is carried out
Plasma melting processing, forms glass crystal, and the glass crystal is cooled down in the cooling bay that discharges；
Step S13, in vent gas treatment subsystem, to tail gas caused by the plasma fusion processing subsystem into
Row harmless treatment.
Wherein, the step S10 further comprises：
Step S100, it is 1 that the water in the flying dust of flying dust storage warehouse and level-one premixed device is carried out mass ratio：3~7 mixing
Stirring, the rotating speed of stirring slurry pair is 15~30 turns/min, and mixing time obtains grey slurries for 10~20min；
Step S101, the grey slurries obtained by by step S100 are pumped into first-stage centrifugal machine from level-one kitchen sink bottom and carry out solid-liquid
Separation, solid flying dust enter two-stage scrubber；
Solid flying dust obtained by step S101 with the water in two level kitchen sink is mixed, obtains by step S102
Grey slurries；
The mortar liquid pump obtained in step S102 is entered two-stage centrifugal machine and carries out separation of solid and liquid, obtains solid by step S103
Flying dust enters three-level kitchen sink, and the liquid of acquisition enters level-one membrane filter, and the water obtained through the level-one membrane filtration is back to
Level-one washer；
Step S104, the solid that will be obtained in step S103 are mixed in three-level kitchen sink with water, will be obtained
Mortar be pumped into three-level centrifuge and carry out separation of solid and liquid, the flying dust filter residue of acquisition enters plasma fusion processing subsystem, obtains
The liquid obtained enters secondary membrane device, and the water being obtained by filtration through the secondary membrane device carries out two level kitchen sink.
Wherein, the step S11 further comprises：
The flying dust filter residue that the processing of flying dust preprocessing subsystem is obtained is sent into mixing granulation device by bucket elevator,
And mix the flying dust filter residue with the formulation additives of formula storage warehouse storage, granulation processing is then carried out, is flown
Ash particle；Wherein, the formulation additives account for the mass ratio of the flying dust filter residue between 3%~35%.
Wherein, the step S12 further comprises：
The fly ash granule obtained in the step S11 is sent into plasma melting furnace, by the plasma fusion
Between furnace temperature maintains 1200~1300 DEG C, melting atmosphere is nitrogen, and the melting time is 25~50min, makes the flying dust
Grain becomes molten state fluid；
The molten state fluid is made to flow into cooling bay, and passes through air cooling equipment and air-cooled processing is carried out to it, forms glass
Firming body.
Wherein, the step S12 further comprises：
The pre-heat treatment is carried out to the fly ash granule obtained in the step S11, the hot wind of the pre-heat treatment is from described
The hot gas that cooling bay is discharged.
Wherein, further comprise：
By carrying out back flush processing to the reversed water inlet pipe water filling of the level-one membrane filter and secondary membrane device,
The flushing liquor obtained is delivered to by reversed outlet pipe in the mixing granulation device.
Implement the present invention, there is following advantageous effect：
First, in the present invention, it is combined with plasma technique using flying dust water-washing pre-treatment, can be gone using washing
Except soluble villaumite in flying dust, the corrosion rate of plasma process equipment is effectively reduced；Meanwhile water-washing process is followed using three-level
Ring joint washing, flying dust is fully washed, and has saved water resource；
Secondly, in the present invention, the flying dust filter residue after the washing of using plasma high-temperature fusion process, can be by weight
Metal is successfully fixed in glass solidified body, and the stability of formation final product glass solidified body is stronger, reduces final production
The Leaching Heavy Metals of object are successfully realized the innoxious and recycling of flying dust；Energy consumption can be saved, reduces operating cost；
Meanwhile in the present invention, the flushing liquor obtained to membrane filter back flush can be applied to granulation processing, into one
Step realizes the innoxious of flying dust；
In addition, in the present invention, by vent gas treatment subsystem, corona treatment flying dust flue gas purification system can be reduced
Exhaust gas volumn, and effectively reduce flue gas in He Cheng bioxin probability；
Moreover, in the present invention, plasma cooling bay uses air cooling equipment, and can recycle the heat of glass solidified body, it is real
Existing comprehensive utilization of energy.
Description of the drawings
It in order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, may be used also
To obtain other attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is flying dust preprocessing subsystem in a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash innocuity disposal system provided by the invention
One embodiment structure diagram；
Fig. 2 is one of other subsystems in a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash innocuity disposal system provided by the invention
The structure diagram of embodiment；
Fig. 3 is a kind of mainstream of one embodiment of domestic garbage incineration flyash method for innocent treatment provided by the invention
Journey schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the more detailed structure diagram of step S10 in Fig. 3.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without creative efforts
Embodiment belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, show flying dust in a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash innocuity disposal system provided by the invention
The structure diagram of one embodiment of preprocessing subsystem；The structure diagram of other subsystems in Fig. 2 is combined together, at this
In embodiment, the domestic garbage incineration flyash innocuity disposal system including at least flying dust preprocessing subsystem 1, is granulated son
System 2, plasma fusion processing subsystem 3 and vent gas treatment subsystem 4, wherein：
The flying dust preprocessing subsystem 1 for carrying out multi-stage water wash to flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration, obtains
Flying dust filter residue；
Subsystem 2 is granulated, at least there is mixing granulation device, be arranged at the flying dust preprocessing subsystem back segment, is used
In the flying dust filter residue is mixed with formula added material, and granulation processing is carried out, form fly ash granule；
Plasma fusion processing subsystem 3 is arranged at the granulation subsystem back segment, is melted including at least a plasma
Melt stove, plasma melting processing is carried out to the fly ash granule from the granulation subsystem, forms glass crystal, and it is cold discharging
But the glass crystal is cooled down in pond；
Vent gas treatment subsystem 4 is connected with the plasma fusion processing subsystem, for the plasma
Tail gas caused by melt process subsystem carries out harmless treatment.
Specifically, the flying dust preprocessing subsystem 1 includes：
Flying dust storage warehouse (not shown), for storing flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration；
Level-one kitchen sink 10, is arranged inside agitating device 100 and the pump housing 101, is provided with water inlet pipe 102；
First centrifuge 13 is connected with the level-one kitchen sink 10, and there are one efferent ducts 130 for tool；
Two level kitchen sink 11, is arranged inside agitating device 110 and the pump housing 111, with first centrifuge 13
Efferent duct 130 is connected, and is provided with a water inlet pipe 112；
Second centrifuge 14 is connected with the two level kitchen sink 11, with outlet pipe 140 and tapping mechanism 141；Institute
State tapping mechanism 141 can all a residue outlet or slag releasing channel in this way, for exporting the solid lime-ash that centrifuge is isolated；
Three-level kitchen sink 12, is arranged inside agitating device 120 and the pump housing 121, with second centrifuge 14
Tapping mechanism 141 is connected, and is provided with a water inlet pipe 123；
3rd centrifuge 15 is connected with the three-level kitchen sink 12, with outlet pipe 150 and tapping mechanism 151；
Level-one membrane filter 16 is provided with filter membrane 160, the water inlet end of the level-one membrane filter 16 and described second
The outlet pipe 140 of centrifuge 14 connects, and water outlet is connected with the water inlet pipe 102 of the level-one kitchen sink 10；
Secondary membrane device 17 is provided with filter membrane 170, the water inlet end of the secondary membrane device 17 and the described 3rd
The outlet pipe 150 of centrifuge 15 connects, and water outlet is connected with the water inlet pipe 112 of the two level kitchen sink 11.
Specifically, the level-one membrane filter 16 and secondary membrane device 17 be further provided with reversed water inlet pipe and reversely
Outlet pipe, the reversed outlet pipe are connected with the mixing granulation device in the granulation subsystem 2, can will be in filtering
The flushing liquor that filter membrane back flush obtains is delivered in the mixing granulation device.
It is understood that in an embodiment of the present invention, decanter centrifuge may be employed in the centrifuge, it can be real
Existing solid-liquid separation function；Ceramic membrane filter pond may be employed in the membrane filter.
Specifically, the granulation subsystem 2 includes：
Storage warehouse 20 is formulated, for storing for reducing the formula added material of flying dust filter residue high-temperature fusion, the formula
Added material includes SiO2And FeO；
Mixing granulation device 21 is arranged at formula 20 lower part of storage warehouse and connects, and pre- with the flying dust is received
The feed inlet 210 of the pretreated flying dust filter residue of processing subsystem, the mixing granulation device 21, which is further provided with mixing, to be held
Device 211 and disc granulation mechanism 212；Specifically, in one embodiment, the flying dust can be filtered by bucket elevator 61
Slag is transported in the feed inlet 210；
First transmitting device 22 is arranged at the exit of the mixing granulation device 21.
Wherein, the plasma fusion processing subsystem 3 includes：
Drying and preheating device 31 is used to receive the fly ash granule that the granulation subsystem 2 obtains and carries out drying and preheating,
On be provided with to convey the hot gas air inlet pipe 32 of hot gas, the outlet of drying and preheating device 31 is provided with the second transmitting device 33；
Plasma melting furnace 30 is provided with the feed pipe 300 being connected with second transmitting device 33, the charging
At least one charge pipe 301 is further provided on pipe 300；It is further provided with exhaust gas air outlet pipe 302 and discharge nozzle
303；
Cooling bay 34 is arranged at 30 lower part of plasma melting furnace, is connected with an air cooling equipment 35, and with institute
The hot gas air inlet pipe 32 stated on drying and preheating device 31 is connected.
Vent gas treatment subsystem 4 is connected with the exhaust gas air outlet pipe 302 of the plasma melting furnace 30, in a reality
It applies in example, including sequentially connected half-dried chilling tower 41, bag filter 42, SNCR devices (denitrification apparatus) 43, scrubbing tower
44th, devices such as dehydrater 45, flue gas reheat gas 46, activated carbon adsorber 47 etc..
As shown in figure 3, show a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash harmless treatment side of the offer of the embodiment of the present invention
The main flow schematic diagram of one embodiment of method is realized in the system shown in earlier figures 1 and Fig. 2, together with reference to Fig. 4 institutes
Show, in this embodiment, this method includes at least following steps：
Step S10, multi-stage water wash is carried out to flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration in flying dust preprocessing subsystem, is obtained
Obtain flying dust filter residue；
Specifically, in one embodiment, the step S10 further comprises：
Step S100, it is 1 that the water in the flying dust of flying dust storage warehouse and level-one premixed device is carried out mass ratio：3~7 mixing
Stirring, the rotating speed of stirring slurry pair is 15~30 turns/min, and mixing time obtains grey slurries for 10~20min；
Step S101, the grey slurries obtained by by step S100 are pumped into first-stage centrifugal machine from level-one kitchen sink bottom and carry out solid-liquid
Separation, solid flying dust enter two-stage scrubber；
Solid flying dust obtained by step S101 with the water in two level kitchen sink is mixed, obtains by step S102
Grey slurries, concrete processing procedure are referred to step S100；
The mortar liquid pump obtained in step S102 is entered two-stage centrifugal machine and carries out separation of solid and liquid, obtains solid by step S103
Flying dust enters three-level kitchen sink, and the liquid of acquisition enters level-one membrane filter, and the water obtained through the level-one membrane filtration is back to
Level-one washer；
Step S104, the solid that will be obtained in step S103 are mixed in three-level kitchen sink with water, specific to locate
Reason process is referred to step S100；The mortar of acquisition is pumped into three-level centrifuge and carries out separation of solid and liquid, the flying dust filter residue of acquisition
Into plasma fusion processing subsystem, the liquid of acquisition enters secondary membrane device, is filtered through the secondary membrane device
Obtained water carries out two level kitchen sink.
Step S11, in subsystem is granulated, the flying dust filter residue with formula added material is mixed, and is made
Grain processing, forms fly ash granule；Specifically, the step S11 further comprises：The processing of flying dust preprocessing subsystem is obtained
Flying dust filter residue is sent into mixing granulation device by bucket elevator, and the flying dust filter residue is matched somebody with somebody with what formula storage warehouse stored
Square additive (SiO2And FeO) mixed, granulation processing is then carried out, obtains fly ash granule；Wherein, the formulation additives
The mass ratio for accounting for the flying dust filter residue is between 3%~35%, can be such as 4% for example, in some applications,
10%th, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% or 35% etc..It can be allocated according to different application scenarios.
Step S12, in plasma fusion processing subsystem, the fly ash granule from the granulation subsystem is carried out
Plasma melting processing, forms glass crystal, and the glass crystal is cooled down in the cooling bay that discharges；
The pre-heat treatment is carried out to the fly ash granule obtained in the step S11, the hot wind of the pre-heat treatment is from described
Cooling bay carries out the hot gas discharged after heat exchange；
The fly ash granule obtained in the step S11 is being sent into after preheating in plasma melting furnace, specifically may be used
It is realized by the second transmitting device, between the plasma melting furnace temperature then is maintained 1200~1300 DEG C, melted
Melt atmosphere as nitrogen, the melting time is 25~50min, and the fly ash granule is made to become molten state fluid；
The molten state fluid is made to flow into cooling bay, and passes through air cooling equipment and air-cooled processing is carried out to it, forms glass
Firming body.The glass solidified body can be directly entered household refuse landfill sites or reprocessing formation process product；
Step S13, in vent gas treatment subsystem, to tail gas caused by the plasma fusion processing subsystem into
Row harmless treatment.Treated, and gas reaches GB18484《Dangerous waste incineration contamination control standard》(exposure draft)
After standard, smoke stack emission is entered by air-introduced machine.
It is understood that further comprise following steps in the method for the invention：By to the level-one membrane filtration
The reversed water inlet pipe water filling of device and secondary membrane device carries out back flush processing, and the flushing liquor obtained is passed through reversed water outlet
Pipe is delivered in the mixing granulation device.
More details can refer to the foregoing description to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, herein without repeating.
It is understood that after being handled by using processing system provided by the invention flying dust, can drop significantly
Low leaching rate of heavy metals is even without leaching.Be expressed as below, show in an example glass solidified body leaching rate of heavy metals and
Bioxin testing result.
1 glass solidified body leaching rate of heavy metals of table is Ji bioxin testing result
| Heavy metal title | Flying dust source item leaching rate | Flying dust glass solidified body leaching rate |
| Cadmium (mg/L) | ＜ 0.01 | ND |
| Chromium (mg/L) | 0.99 | ND |
| Copper (mg/L) | 0.55 | ND |
| Nickel (mg/L) | ＜ 0.01 | ND |
| Lead (mg/L) | 10.95 | ND |
| Zinc (mg/L) | 2.47 | ND |
| Bioxin (ng/Kg) | 200 | 0.93 |
To sum up, the present invention has following advantageous effect：
First, in invention, it is combined with plasma technique using flying dust water-washing pre-treatment, can be removed using washing
Soluble villaumite in flying dust effectively reduces the corrosion rate of plasma process equipment；Meanwhile water-washing process is cycled using three-level
Joint washing, flying dust is fully washed, and has saved water resource；
Secondly, in invention, the flying dust filter residue after the washing of using plasma high-temperature fusion process can be by a huge sum of money
Category is successfully fixed in glass solidified body, and the stability of formation final product glass solidified body is stronger, reduces final product
Leaching Heavy Metals, be successfully realized the innoxious and recycling of flying dust；Energy consumption can be saved, reduces operating cost；
Meanwhile in invention, granulation processing can be applied to the flushing liquor that membrane filter back flush obtains, further
Realize the innoxious of flying dust；
In addition, in invention, by vent gas treatment subsystem, corona treatment flying dust flue gas purification system can be reduced
Exhaust gas volumn, and effectively reduce the probability of He Cheng bioxin in flue gas；
Moreover, in invention, plasma cooling bay uses air cooling equipment, and can recycle the heat of glass solidified body, realizes
Comprehensive utilization of energy.
The above disclosed power for being only a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention cannot being limited with this certainly
Sharp scope, therefore equivalent variations made according to the claims of the present invention, are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash innocuity disposal system, which is characterized in that including at least flying dust preprocessing subsystem,
Subsystem, plasma fusion processing subsystem and vent gas treatment subsystem are granulated, wherein：
The flying dust preprocessing subsystem for carrying out multi-stage water wash to flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration, obtains flying dust
Filter residue；
Subsystem is granulated, is arranged at the flying dust preprocessing subsystem back segment, for the flying dust filter residue and formula to be added material
Material is mixed, and carries out granulation processing, forms fly ash granule；
Plasma fusion processing subsystem is arranged at the granulation subsystem back segment, including at least a plasma melting furnace,
Plasma melting processing is carried out to the fly ash granule from the granulation subsystem, forms glass crystal, and in discharging cooling bay
In the glass crystal is cooled down；
Vent gas treatment subsystem is connected with the plasma fusion processing subsystem, for the plasma fusion
Tail gas caused by processing subsystem carries out harmless treatment.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the flying dust preprocessing subsystem includes：
Flying dust storage warehouse, for storing flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration；
Level-one kitchen sink, is arranged inside agitating device and the pump housing, is provided with water inlet pipe；
First centrifuge is connected with the level-one kitchen sink, and there are one efferent ducts for tool；
Two level kitchen sink, is arranged inside agitating device and the pump housing, is connected with the efferent duct of first centrifuge, and sets
It is equipped with a water inlet pipe；
Second centrifuge is connected with the two level kitchen sink, with outlet pipe and tapping mechanism；
Three-level kitchen sink, is arranged inside agitating device and the pump housing, is connected with the tapping mechanism of second centrifuge, and
It is provided with a water inlet pipe；
3rd centrifuge is connected with the three-level kitchen sink, with outlet pipe and tapping mechanism；
Level-one membrane filter is provided with filter membrane, the water inlet end of the level-one membrane filter and going out for second centrifuge
Water pipe connects, and water outlet is connected with the water inlet pipe of the level-one kitchen sink；
Secondary membrane device is provided with filter membrane, the water inlet end of the secondary membrane device and going out for the 3rd centrifuge
Water pipe connects, and water outlet is connected with the water inlet pipe of the two level kitchen sink.
3. system as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the granulation subsystem includes：
Storage warehouse is formulated, for storing for reducing the formula added material of flying dust filter residue high-temperature fusion temperature, the formula adds
Material is added to include SiO2And FeO；
Mixing granulation device is arranged at the formula storage warehouse lower part and connects, and pre-processes subsystem with the flying dust is received
It unites the feed inlet of pretreated flying dust, the mixing granulation device is further provided with mixing vessel and disc granulation mechanism；
First transmitting device is arranged at the outlet of the mixing granulation device.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the plasma fusion processing subsystem includes：
Drying and preheating device is used to receive the fly ash granule that the granulation subsystem obtains and carries out drying and preheating, sets thereon
The hot gas air inlet pipe of conveying hot gas is useful for, outlet is provided with the second transmitting device；
Plasma melting furnace, is provided with the feed pipe being connected with second transmitting device, on the feed pipe further
It is provided at least one charge pipe；It is further provided with exhaust gas air outlet pipe and discharge nozzle；
Cooling bay is arranged at the plasma melting furnace lower part, is connected with an air cooling equipment, and with the drying and preheating
Hot gas air inlet pipe on device is connected.
5. system as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the level-one membrane filter and secondary membrane device are further set
Reversed water inlet pipe and reversed outlet pipe are equipped with, the reversed outlet pipe is connected with the mixing granulation device.
6. a kind of domestic garbage incineration flyash method for innocent treatment, in system such as described in any one of claim 1 to 5
It realizes, which is characterized in that including at least following steps：
Step S10, multi-stage water wash is carried out to flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration in flying dust preprocessing subsystem, is flown
Grey filter residue；
Step S11, in subsystem is granulated, the flying dust filter residue with formula added material is mixed, and is carried out at granulation
Reason forms fly ash granule；
Step S12, in plasma fusion processing subsystem, the fly ash granule from the granulation subsystem is carried out etc. from
Sub- melt process forms glass crystal, and the glass crystal is cooled down in the cooling bay that discharges；
Step S13, in vent gas treatment subsystem, nothing is carried out to tail gas caused by the plasma fusion processing subsystem
Evilization processing.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the step S10 further comprises：
Step S100, it is 1 that the water in the flying dust of flying dust storage warehouse and level-one premixed device is carried out mass ratio：3~7 mixing is stirred
It mixes, the rotating speed of stirring slurry pair is 15~30 turns/min, and mixing time obtains grey slurries for 10~20min；
Step S101, the grey slurries obtained by by step S100 are pumped into first-stage centrifugal machine from level-one kitchen sink bottom and carry out solid-liquid point
From solid flying dust enters two-stage scrubber；
Solid flying dust obtained by step S101 with the water in two level kitchen sink is mixed, obtains mortar by step S102
Liquid；
The mortar liquid pump obtained in step S102 is entered two-stage centrifugal machine and carries out separation of solid and liquid, obtains solid flying dust by step S103
Into three-level kitchen sink, the liquid of acquisition enters level-one membrane filter, and the water obtained through the level-one membrane filtration is back to level-one
Washer；
Step S104, the solid that will be obtained in step S103 are mixed in three-level kitchen sink with water, by the ash of acquisition
Stock pump enters three-level centrifuge and carries out separation of solid and liquid, and the flying dust filter residue of acquisition enters plasma fusion processing subsystem, acquisition
Liquid enters secondary membrane device, and the water being obtained by filtration through the secondary membrane device carries out two level kitchen sink.
8. the method for claim 7, which is characterized in that the step S11 further comprises：
The flying dust filter residue that the processing of flying dust preprocessing subsystem is obtained is sent into mixing granulation device by bucket elevator, and will
The flying dust filter residue is mixed with the formulation additives of formula storage warehouse storage, then carries out granulation processing, obtains flying dust
Grain；Wherein, the formulation additives account for the mass ratio of the flying dust filter residue between 3%~35%.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the step S12 further comprises：
The fly ash granule obtained in the step S11 is sent into plasma melting furnace, by the plasma melting furnace temperature
Between degree maintains 1200~1300 DEG C, melting atmosphere is nitrogen, and the melting time is 25~50min, becomes the fly ash granule
Into molten state fluid；
The molten state fluid is made to flow into cooling bay, and passes through air cooling equipment and air-cooled processing is carried out to it, forms glass solidification
Body.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the step S12 further comprises：
The pre-heat treatment is carried out to the fly ash granule obtained in the step S11, the hot wind of the pre-heat treatment comes from the cooling
The hot gas that pond is discharged.
11. the method for claim 7, which is characterized in that further comprise：
By carrying out back flush processing to the reversed water inlet pipe water filling of the level-one membrane filter and secondary membrane device, by institute
The flushing liquor of acquisition is delivered to by reversed outlet pipe in the mixing granulation device.
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| CN110252776A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-20 | 中南大学 | A kind of method of watery fusion harmless treatment incineration of refuse flyash and bottom ash |
| CN112246843A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-22 | 盐城工学院 | Integrated device and method for treating waste incineration fly ash |
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