CN108042853A - 一种导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法 - Google Patents

一种导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108042853A
CN108042853A CN201810045718.0A CN201810045718A CN108042853A CN 108042853 A CN108042853 A CN 108042853A CN 201810045718 A CN201810045718 A CN 201810045718A CN 108042853 A CN108042853 A CN 108042853A
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catheter surface
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hyaluronic acid
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刘博�
周超
伍明
张霏霏
梁敬时
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Abstract

本发明涉及导尿管领域，具体为一种导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法。该制备方法包括如下步骤：(1)导尿管表面的预处理；(2)导尿管表面引发丙烯酸聚合；(3)利用透明质酸和聚咪唑盐层层自组装构筑抗菌表面。本发明由表面自由基引发聚合和层层自组装方法相结合，在导尿管表面制备多层聚合物离子膜，进而导尿管表面具有优良的抗菌性能和生物相容性，具有操作简单、表面结构可控和抗菌能力持久等特点。

Description

一种导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及导尿管领域，具体为一种导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法。
背景技术
导尿管，作为一常用的医疗设备之一，对于医院治疗有重要作用。但是，每年导尿管引发的尿路感染问题，对病患来说就是沉重的灾难。导尿管引发的尿路感染主要是由于导尿管的长时间内置，导致外界细菌能处于合适的环境粘附、繁殖，进而形成生物膜，细菌的耐药性增强，并且难以除去。
目前，解决尿路感染最直接的方法是频繁更换导尿管，避免其长时间的内置，但是这要花费巨大的人力和财力。也尝试过采用银或者呋喃西林作为涂层进行抗菌，却由于它们的短时间的抗菌效能和有限的抗菌范围，不能很好的实现抗菌的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，由表面自由基引发聚合和层层自组装方法相结合，具有操作简单、表面结构可控和抗菌能力持久等特点，对解决医疗问题有重要意义。
本发明的技术方案：
一种导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，首先通过利用环氧树脂和自由基引发剂对导尿管表面的预处理，在导尿管表面引发丙烯酸自由基聚合，第一层带有阴离子层聚丙烯酸，进而利用阳离子层的聚咪唑盐和阴离子层的透明质酸层层自组装构筑抗菌表面。
所述的导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，步骤(1)中，导尿管材料为聚氨酯或聚二甲基硅烷，预处理过程如下：第一步，采用去离子水和乙醇对导尿管表面清洗，重复2～3次后置于30～50℃烘箱干燥10～15h；第二步，配制浓度为0.05～0.2g/mL环氧树脂的二氯甲烷溶液和浓度为0.05～0.2g/mL偶氮二异丁腈的丙酮溶液，分别取溶液各1～3mL，二者均匀混合后，将导尿管放入混合溶液，提出静置20～40s后，再放入混合溶液，提出静置20～40s，重复2～4次，之后置于在30～50℃烘箱干燥20～30h。
所述的导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，步骤(2)中，导尿管表面引发丙烯酸聚合，选用丙烯酸作为表面引发单体，制备过程包括如下步骤：首先，将步骤(1)表面带有引发剂的导尿管、乙醇与丙烯酸的混合溶液置于反应瓶中搅拌，乙醇：丙烯酸体积比为1.5～2.5:1，氩气鼓气20～40分钟后，60～80℃加热搅拌45～55h；最后，依次进行清水、无水乙醇搅拌洗掉表面游离的聚丙烯酸，以上步骤重复2～3次后，置于40～50℃烘箱干燥45～55h，在导尿管表面产生聚丙烯酸涂层。
所述的导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，步骤(3)中，利用透明质酸和聚咪唑盐层层自组装构筑抗菌表面，制备过程包括如下步骤：将步骤(2)所制得的带有聚丙烯酸阴离子层的导尿管浸入聚咪唑盐的水溶液0.5～2min后，取出用去离子水冲洗2～4次，再将上述带有聚咪唑盐的导尿管浸入透明质酸的水溶液0.5～2min后，取出用去离子水清洗2～4次，重复上述步骤，便能得到聚阳离子咪唑盐和聚阴离子透明质酸的多层复合膜。
所述的导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，聚咪唑盐的分子量在104～105之间；透明质酸的分子量在105～106之间；聚咪唑盐水溶液和透明质酸水溶液的浓度在1mg/L～10mg/L之间，得到多层复合膜的层数在10～100层之间。
所述的导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，导尿管表面抗菌涂层对表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌大肠杆菌或耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率超过90％。
本发明的优点及有益效果是：
1、本发明由表面自由基引发聚合和层层自组装方法相结合，在导尿管表面制备多层聚合物离子膜，进而导尿管表面具有优良的抗菌性能和生物相容性。
2、本发明方法有操作简单、表面结构可控和抗菌能力持久等特点。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但是本发明的内容不仅仅局限于以下实施例。
实施例1
本实施例中，导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)导尿管表面的预处理
导尿管材料为聚氨酯或聚二甲基硅烷。导尿管表面的预处理包括以下步骤：首先，去离子水和乙醇对表面清洗，重复2次后置于40℃烘箱干燥12h；第二步，配制环氧树脂的二氯甲烷溶液(浓度为0.1g/mL)和偶氮二异丁腈的丙酮溶液(浓度为0.1g/mL)，分别取溶液各2mL，二者均匀混合后，将导尿管放入混合溶液，提出静置30s后，再放入混合溶液，提出静置30s，重复3次，之后置于在40℃烘箱干燥24h。
(2)导尿管表面引发丙烯酸聚合
选用丙烯酸作为表面引发单体。导尿管表面引发丙烯酸聚合，包括如下步骤：首先，将步骤(1)将表面带有引发剂的导尿管、乙醇与丙烯酸的混合溶液置于反应瓶中搅拌，乙醇：丙烯酸体积比为2:1，氩气鼓气半小时后，70℃加热搅拌48h；最后，依次进行清水、无水乙醇搅拌洗掉表面游离的聚丙烯酸，以上步骤重复2次后，置于45℃烘箱干燥48h，在导尿管表面产生聚丙烯酸涂层。
(3)利用透明质酸和聚咪唑盐层层自组装构筑抗菌表面
利用透明质酸和聚咪唑盐层层自组装构筑抗菌表面，包括如下步骤：将步骤(2)所制得的带有聚丙烯酸阴离子层的导尿管浸入聚咪唑盐的水溶液1min后，取出用去离子水冲洗3次，再将上述带有聚咪唑盐的导尿管浸入透明质酸的水溶液1min后，取出用去离子水清洗三次，重复上述步骤，便能得到聚阳离子咪唑盐和聚阴离子透明质酸的多层复合膜。
所述的聚咪唑盐的分子量在104～105之间，透明质酸的分子量在105～106之间。聚咪唑盐和透明质酸的水溶液的浓度在1mg/L～10mg/L之间，得到多层复合膜的层数在10～100层之间。
实施例结果表明，采用本发明方法制备的导尿管表面抗菌涂层，该涂层对表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌大肠杆菌或耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率超过90％。本发明提供的导尿管抗菌涂层方法，由表面自由基引发聚合和层层自组装方法相结合，不仅能够有效的减少细菌的粘附，还能有效抗菌，为解决导尿管问题提供了新的思路，这新型抗菌涂层可能会解决导尿管问题实现临床应用。

Claims (6)

1.一种导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：(1)导尿管表面的预处理；(2)导尿管表面引发丙烯酸聚合；(3)利用透明质酸和聚咪唑盐层层自组装构筑抗菌表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，导尿管材料为聚氨酯或聚二甲基硅烷，预处理过程如下：第一步，采用去离子水和乙醇对导尿管表面清洗，重复2～3次后置于30～50℃烘箱干燥10～15h；第二步，配制浓度为0.05～0.2g/mL环氧树脂的二氯甲烷溶液和浓度为0.05～0.2g/mL偶氮二异丁腈的丙酮溶液，分别取溶液各1～3mL，二者均匀混合后，将导尿管放入混合溶液，提出静置20～40s后，再放入混合溶液，提出静置20～40s，重复2～4次，之后置于在30～50℃烘箱干燥20～30h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，导尿管表面引发丙烯酸聚合，选用丙烯酸作为表面引发单体，制备过程包括如下步骤：首先，将步骤(1)表面带有引发剂的导尿管、乙醇与丙烯酸的混合溶液置于反应瓶中搅拌，乙醇：丙烯酸体积比为1.5～2.5:1，氩气鼓气20～40分钟后，60～80℃加热搅拌45～55h；最后，依次进行清水、无水乙醇搅拌洗掉表面游离的聚丙烯酸，以上步骤重复2～3次后，置于40～50℃烘箱干燥45～55h，在导尿管表面产生聚丙烯酸涂层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，利用透明质酸和聚咪唑盐层层自组装构筑抗菌表面，制备过程包括如下步骤：将步骤(2)所制得的带有聚丙烯酸阴离子层的导尿管浸入聚咪唑盐的水溶液0.5～2min后，取出用去离子水冲洗2～4次，再将上述带有聚咪唑盐的导尿管浸入透明质酸的水溶液0.5～2min后，取出用去离子水清洗2～4次，重复上述步骤，便能得到聚阳离子咪唑盐和聚阴离子透明质酸的多层复合膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，其特征在于，聚咪唑盐的分子量在104～105之间；透明质酸的分子量在105～106之间；聚咪唑盐水溶液和透明质酸水溶液的浓度在1mg/L～10mg/L之间，得到多层复合膜的层数在10～100层之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的导尿管表面抗菌涂层制备方法，其特征在于，导尿管表面抗菌涂层对表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌大肠杆菌或耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率超过90％。
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