CN108039231A - 超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆及其制造工艺 - Google Patents

超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆及其制造工艺 Download PDF

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CN108039231A
CN108039231A CN201711126703.9A CN201711126703A CN108039231A CN 108039231 A CN108039231 A CN 108039231A CN 201711126703 A CN201711126703 A CN 201711126703A CN 108039231 A CN108039231 A CN 108039231A
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蔡德友
阮建波
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YANGZHOU DEYOU CABLE Co Ltd
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    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02Disposition of insulation
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01B11/00Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1834Construction of the insulation between the conductors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1895Particular features or applications
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
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    • H01B13/016Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for manufacturing co-axial cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/067Insulating coaxial cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/22Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/22Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
    • H01B13/225Screening coaxial cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0241Disposition of insulation comprising one or more helical wrapped layers of insulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
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Abstract

超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆及其制造工艺,包括绝缘导体、编织屏蔽层、外护套层,编织屏蔽层包裹在绝缘导体外,外护套层包裹在编织屏蔽层外;绝缘导体由导体和绝缘层组成,绝缘层包裹在导体外;绝缘层、外护套层分别为聚酰亚胺绝缘层、聚酰亚胺外护套层。通过导体绞合、聚酰亚胺绕包、烧结熔封、编织外导体、聚酰亚胺绕包、烧结熔封的工艺流程加工出本电缆,由于聚酰亚胺材料在‑269℃~400℃范围内能保持良好的化学稳定性,物理性能,电性能和机械性能。因此,使得本电缆能够在液氮、液氧等超低温环境下使用,且能够保证良好的化学稳定性,物理性能,电性能和机械性能。

Description

超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆及其制造工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电缆,特别涉及一种应用于液氮,液氧等极低温超真空环境中,用于信号传输的电缆。
背景技术
由于液氮,液氧在军事工业;医疗领域有着极其重要的应用,但液氮,液氧环境真空度可达3×10-4pa温度可达-200℃以下,常见高聚物材料在上述环境中短分子链析出较大,总质量损失TML>1.3%,挥发可凝物CVCM>0.15%,而且易脆裂,使得超真空环境中使用电缆通讯几乎不可能实现,而经特殊改性的聚酰亚胺材料在-269℃-400℃范围内能保持良好的化学稳定性,物理性能,电性能和机械性能,在5×10-4pa环境中总质量损失TML<0.8%,挥发可凝物CVCM<0.10%而且聚酰亚胺材料应用于液氮环境中寿命比适用于空气中提高了一个数量级。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种能够在液氮、液氧等超低温环境下使用的超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆及其制造工艺。
本发明所述的超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆包括绝缘导体、编织屏蔽层、外护套层,所述编织屏蔽层包裹在所述绝缘导体外,所述外护套层包裹在所述编织屏蔽层外;所述绝缘导体由导体和绝缘层组成,所述绝缘层包裹在所述导体外;所述绝缘层、外护套层分别为聚酰亚胺绝缘层、聚酰亚胺外护套层。
本发明所述的电缆的绝缘和外护套均采用的聚酰亚胺材料制成,由于聚酰亚胺材料在-269℃~400℃范围内能保持良好的化学稳定性,物理性能,电性能和机械性能。因此,使得本电缆能够在液氮、液氧等超低温环境下使用,且能够保证良好的化学稳定性,物理性能,电性能和机械性能。
本发明所述导体为镀银铜导体;所述镀银铜导体外的镀银层厚度不小于5μm。确保-269℃~400℃温度范围内导体导电率达到98%以上。
本发明所述超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆的制造工艺,具体步骤有:
(1)导体绞合;
(2)在绞合的导体外包内层裹聚酰亚胺绕包;
(3)将包裹有内层聚酰亚胺绕包的导体送入烧结炉烧结熔封,形成绝缘导体;
(4)在绝缘导体外编织屏蔽层;
(5)在编织屏蔽层外包裹外层聚酰亚胺绕包;
(6)将外层包裹了外层聚酰亚胺绕包的屏蔽线缆送入烧结炉烧结熔封;形成成品电缆。
本发明所述聚酰亚胺绕包厚度为0.035~0.4mm,所述聚酰亚胺绕包单面或双面涂覆聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水,通过涂有聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水的聚酰亚胺薄膜进行绕包。其通过伺服电机控制合适的绕包张力,确保绝缘各层间间隙均匀,且真空环境中总质量损失及挥发可凝物极少,保持介电常数的均一性。
本发明步骤(3)的内层聚酰亚胺绕包烧结熔封是将前一步骤形成的半成品线缆经过100米长烧结炉以390~400℃的温度进行循环烧结,通过聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水熔融后将各内层聚酰亚胺绕层间空气排出并形成密封,确保绝缘层介质均一,介电常数一致,从而保证特性阻抗 电容的匹配。真空环境中总质量损失及挥发可凝物极少,保持介电常数的均一性。
本发明步骤(6)的外层聚酰亚胺绕包烧结熔封是将前一步骤形成的半成品线缆经过100米长烧结炉以390~400℃的温度进行循环烧结,通过聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水熔融后将各外层聚酰亚胺绕包层间空气排出并形成密封,确保了液氮/液氧不会渗如。
本发明所述编织屏蔽层为金属丝编织屏蔽层。金属丝屏蔽层通过合适的绕包角度(45°)及精密张力控制系统,保证外导体与绝缘层间间隙均匀。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种结构示意图。
具体实施例
如图1所示,超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆,由绝缘导体1、编织屏蔽层2、外护套层3组成,编织屏蔽层2包裹在绝缘导体外,外护套层3包裹在编织屏蔽层2外;绝缘导体1由相互绞合的导体4和绝缘层5组成,绝缘层5包裹在绞合的导体4外,绝缘层5、外护套层3分别为聚酰亚胺绝缘层、聚酰亚胺外护套层。
导体4为镀银铜导体;镀银铜导体外的镀银层厚度不小于5μm。确保-269℃~400℃温度范围内导体导电率达到98%以上。
超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆的制造工艺,具体步骤有:
(1)导体绞合;
(2)在绞合的导体外包内层裹聚酰亚胺绕包;
(3)将包裹有内层聚酰亚胺绕包的导体送入烧结炉烧结熔封,形成绝缘导体;
(4)在绝缘导体外编织屏蔽层;
(5)在编织屏蔽层外包裹外层聚酰亚胺绕包;
(6)将外层包裹了外层聚酰亚胺绕包的屏蔽线缆送入烧结炉烧结熔封;形成成品电缆。
聚酰亚胺绕包厚度为0.035~0.4mm,聚酰亚胺绕包单面或双面涂覆F4胶(聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水),通过涂有F4胶(聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水)的聚酰亚胺薄膜进行绕包。其通过伺服电机控制合适的绕包张力,确保绝缘各层间间隙均匀,且真空环境中总质量损失及挥发可凝物极少,保持介电常数的均一性。
步骤(3)的内层聚酰亚胺绕包烧结熔封是将前一步骤形成的半成品线缆经过100米长烧结炉以400℃的温度进行循环烧结,通过F4胶(聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水)熔融后将各内层聚酰亚胺绕层间空气排出并形成密封,确保绝缘层介质均一,介电常数一致,从而保证特性阻抗电容的匹配。真空环境中总质量损失及挥发可凝物极少,保持介电常数的均一性。
步骤(6)的外层聚酰亚胺绕包烧结熔封是将前一步骤形成的半成品线缆经过100米长烧结炉以400℃的温度进行循环烧结,通过F4胶(聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水)熔融后将各外层聚酰亚胺绕包层间空气排出并形成密封,确保了液氮/液氧不会渗如。
编织屏蔽层为金属丝编织屏蔽层。金属丝屏蔽层通过合适的绕包角度(45°)及精密张力控制系统,保证外导体与绝缘层间间隙均匀。

Claims (8)

1.超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆,包括绝缘导体、编织屏蔽层、外护套层,所述编织屏蔽层包裹在所述绝缘导体外,所述外护套层包裹在所述编织屏蔽层外;所述绝缘导体由导体和绝缘层组成,所述绝缘层包裹在所述导体外;其特征在于所述绝缘层、外护套层分别为聚酰亚胺绝缘层、聚酰亚胺外护套层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆,其特征在于所述导体为镀银铜导体;所述镀银铜导体外的镀银层厚度不小于5μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆,其特征在于所述编织屏蔽层为金属丝编织屏蔽层。
4.超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆的制造工艺,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)导体绞合;
(2)在绞合的导体外包内层裹聚酰亚胺绕包;
(3)将包裹有内层聚酰亚胺绕包的导体送入烧结炉烧结熔封,形成绝缘导体;
(4)在绝缘导体外编织屏蔽层;
(5)在编织屏蔽层外包裹外层聚酰亚胺绕包;
(6)将外层包裹了外层聚酰亚胺绕包的屏蔽线缆送入烧结炉烧结熔封;形成成品电缆。
5.根据权利要求4所述超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆的制造工艺,其特征在于步骤(2)(5)所述聚酰亚胺绕包厚度分别为0.035~0.4mm,所述聚酰亚胺绕包单面或双面涂覆聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水,通过涂有聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水的聚酰亚胺薄膜进行绕包。
6.根据权利要求4所述超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆的制造工艺,其特征在于步骤(3)的内层聚酰亚胺绕包烧结熔封是将步骤(2)形成的半成品线缆经过100米长烧结炉以390~400℃的温度进行循环烧结,通过聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水熔融后将各绕包层间空气排出并形成密封。
7.根据权利要求4所述超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆的制造工艺,其特征在于步骤(6)的外层聚酰亚胺绕包烧结熔封是将步骤(5)形成的半成品线缆经过100米长烧结炉以390~400℃的温度进行循环烧结,通过聚四氟乙烯六氟丙烯胶水胶熔融后将各绕包层间空气排出并形成密封。
8.根据权利要求4所述超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆的制造工艺,其特征在于步骤(4)所述的编织屏蔽层为金属丝编织屏蔽层。
CN201711126703.9A 2017-11-15 2017-11-15 超真空环境用聚酰亚胺绝缘同轴电缆及其制造工艺 Pending CN108039231A (zh)

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CN104575767A (zh) * 2014-11-30 2015-04-29 安徽中天世纪航天科技有限公司 一种同轴电缆及其制造工艺
CN106710683A (zh) * 2017-03-10 2017-05-24 南京全信传输科技股份有限公司 聚四氟乙烯/聚酰亚胺复合绝缘光滑型电线电缆及制备法

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CN110085354A (zh) * 2019-06-03 2019-08-02 扬州市德友线缆有限公司 一种超真空环境用综合电缆及其生产工艺
CN111192710A (zh) * 2019-12-05 2020-05-22 东营兆源机电科技有限公司 一种高速铁路用高性能熔敷导线
CN111192710B (zh) * 2019-12-05 2021-08-10 东营兆源机电科技有限公司 一种高速铁路用高性能熔敷导线的制备方法
CN112820469A (zh) * 2021-02-03 2021-05-18 远东电缆有限公司 一种lng超低温直流型线中压同轴电缆
CN113488224A (zh) * 2021-06-16 2021-10-08 上海申茂电磁线有限公司 一种peek挤包聚酰亚胺薄膜绕包线

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