CN108007784A - Coupling fracturing makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System and cranny development analysis method - Google Patents
Coupling fracturing makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System and cranny development analysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108007784A CN108007784A CN201711160083.0A CN201711160083A CN108007784A CN 108007784 A CN108007784 A CN 108007784A CN 201711160083 A CN201711160083 A CN 201711160083A CN 108007784 A CN108007784 A CN 108007784A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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Abstract
The invention discloses one kind coupling fracturing to make cavity volume Visualizing Test System and cranny development analysis method, which includes coal and rock experiment porch, coupling fracturing mechanism and visualization measurement mechanism；The method comprising the steps of：First, prefabricated cube analog simulation coal and rock；2nd, coal and rock experiment porch is built；3rd, fracturing is coupled；4th, the fracture density of coupling fracturing is calculated；5th, the volume for making chamber that coupling fracturing produces is obtained；6th, the renewal of coal and rock experiment porch；7th, coupling fracturing data caused by obtaining different injection pressure and different explosive specific charge amounts；8th, BP neural network is established；9th, volume and the development in crack of making chamber that analysis coupling fracturing produces.The present invention can make chamber by coupling fracturing acquisition, the volume of chamber is made using spatial digitizer visual inspection, the spreading range degree in crack in coupling fracturing is obtained, and establishes the relation between BP neural network analysis coupling fracturing parameter and cavity volume and cranny development, intuitively effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to couple fracturing to make cavity volume technical field of measurement and test, and in particular to one kind coupling fracturing makes cavity volume can
Depending on changing test system and cranny development analysis method.
Background technology
On the basis of to explosion and water filling independent role mechanism and failure law research, carry out solid under explosion Under Dynamic Load
The destruction characteristic research of liquid coupled state coal and rock, studies coupling fracturing effect by the way of theoretical analysis and numerical method, fixed
The degradation of intensity after quantitative evaluation coupling fracturing, but the size for implementing to make cavity volume after explosion dynamic load does not have but
Measure, it is unclear that make chamber inner case.Existing measure simply applies explosion dynamic load on the basis of solid-liquid coupling, quantitative
Change the degradation that assessment couples intensity after fracturing, lack and measured to making the volume of intracavitary and the developmental state in crack.Cause
This, nowadays lacks coupling fracturing and makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System and cranny development analysis method, obtained by coupling fracturing
Take and make chamber, obtained using the wax of thawing and make cavity mold type, the volume of chamber is made using spatial digitizer visual inspection, obtained coupling and cause
The spreading range degree in middle crack is split, and is established between BP neural network analysis coupling fracturing parameter and cavity volume and cranny development
Relation, it is easy to operate, it is directly perceived effective.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that provide a kind of coupling fracturing
Cavity volume Visualizing Test System is made, it is novel in design rationally, can make chamber by coupling fracturing acquisition, can using spatial digitizer
The volume of chamber is made depending on changing observation, obtains the spreading range degree in crack in coupling fracturing, it is easy to operate, intuitively effectively, easy to promote
Use.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：Coupling fracturing makes cavity volume visual testing
System, it is characterised in that：It is real including coal and rock experiment porch, coupling fracturing mechanism and visualization measurement mechanism, the coal and rock
Testing platform includes computer, experimental box and the analog simulation coal and rock being arranged in experimental box, on the side wall and top plate of experimental box
It is mounted on being used to apply stressed cylinder to analog simulation coal and rock, cylinder is controlled by cylinder actuator by computer, phase
It is cube analog simulation coal and rock like simulation coal and rock, is laid with the marginal position of the cube analog simulation coal and rock
Multiple acoustic emission sensors for being used to monitor cube analog simulation coal and rock crack propagation situation, the cube analog simulation
Pre-plugged has a Data Detection layer in coal and rock, inside vertically at the top center of the cube analog simulation coal and rock
Drilling is offered, Data Detection layer includes surrounding the symmetrically arranged multiple sensor components of drill center, and sensor component is by pressing
Force snesor and temperature sensor, pressure sensor, temperature sensor and acoustic emission sensor carry out data with computer and lead to
Letter；
The coupling fracturing mechanism include into drilling water filling and for adjusting the water injection machine of hydraulic parameters, to obtaining after water filling
The explosive and the initiator for the explosive that detonates loaded in the cube analog simulation coal and rock of the solid-liquid coupling state obtained, filling machine
Communicate with calculation machine；
The visualization measurement mechanism includes making the filling wax of chamber described in intracavitary injection filling to making of producing of coupling fracturing
Wax injector and the spatial digitizer for making cavity volume for scanning the filling wax filling, spatial digitizer and wax injector with
Computer communicates；
Crack in display, the cube analog simulation coal and rock for setting solid-liquid coupling state is connected with computer to send out
Educate the timer of time and for prompting experimenter's cranny development sufficient prompting device.
Above-mentioned coupling fracturing makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The number of the acoustic emission sensor
Measure as six, six acoustic emission sensors are respectively the first acoustic emission sensor, the second acoustic emission sensor, the 3rd sound hair
Penetrate sensor, falling tone emission sensor, fifth sound emission sensor and the 6th acoustic emission sensor, the first acoustic emission sensor
The two of the intersection edges of the cube analog simulation coal and rock bottom surface and leading flank are separately mounted to the second acoustic emission sensor
At a vertex position, the 3rd acoustic emission sensor is installed on the intersecting of the cube analog simulation coal and rock bottom surface and trailing flank
At the point midway on side, falling tone emission sensor is installed on the phase of the cube analog simulation coal and rock top surface and leading flank
At the point midway for handing over side, fifth sound emission sensor and the 6th acoustic emission sensor are separately mounted to the similar mould of the cube
At two vertex positions for intending the intersection edges of coal and rock top surface and trailing flank.
Above-mentioned coupling fracturing makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The spatial digitizer is hand-held
Formula spatial digitizer.
Above-mentioned coupling fracturing makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The depth of the drilling is 0.2h
~0.8h, wherein, h is the length of side of the cube analog simulation coal and rock.
Above-mentioned coupling fracturing makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The prompting device for indicator light or
Wireless communication module.
Above-mentioned coupling fracturing makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The wireless communication module be with
The gsm module or short message cat module of experimenter's mobile communication.
Above-mentioned coupling fracturing makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The number of plies of the Data Detection layer
For multilayer, the quantity of the cube analog simulation coal and rock is multiple.
Meanwhile the invention also discloses a kind of method and step is simple, design is reasonable, Visual retrieval coupling fracturing can be achieved
What is produced makes the volume of chamber, and establishes the relation between BP neural network analysis coupling fracturing parameter and cavity volume and cranny development
Coupling fracturing make cavity volume visual testing and cranny development analysis method, it is characterised in that this method includes following step
Suddenly：
Step 1: prefabricated cube analog simulation coal and rock：According to the physical characteristic of coal and rock actually to be simulated, utilize
Analog simulation method injects preformed material into cubic container, and cube analog simulation coal and rock is established after conserving the t times, and
During cube analog simulation coal and rock is established, Data Detection layer is buried in cube analog simulation coal and rock,
Drilling is inwardly opened up vertically at the top center of cube analog simulation coal and rock；
The quantity of the cubic container, can prefabricated multiple cube analog simulation coal and rocks at the same time to be multiple；
Step 2: coal and rock experiment porch is built, process is as follows：
Step 201, take a cube analog simulation coal and rock to be placed in experimental box, and profit is computerizedd control gas
Multiple cylinders that cylinder driver makes to install on the side wall and top plate of experimental box apply to the cube analog simulation coal and rock presses
Power, pressure of the simulation actually coal and rock to be simulated by environment rock mass；
Step 202, laying is multiple for monitoring cube at the marginal position of the cube analog simulation coal and rock
The acoustic emission sensor of analog simulation coal and rock crack propagation situation, the quantity of the acoustic emission sensor is six, six institutes
It is respectively the first acoustic emission sensor, the second acoustic emission sensor, the 3rd acoustic emission sensor, the falling tone to state acoustic emission sensor
Emission sensor, fifth sound emission sensor and the 6th acoustic emission sensor, the first acoustic emission sensor and the second sound emission pass
Sensor is separately mounted at two vertex positions of the intersection edges of the cube analog simulation coal and rock bottom surface and leading flank, the
Three acoustic emission sensors are installed at the point midway of the intersection edges of the cube analog simulation coal and rock bottom surface and trailing flank,
Falling tone emission sensor is installed on the point midway of the intersection edges of the cube analog simulation coal and rock top surface and leading flank
Place, fifth sound emission sensor and the 6th acoustic emission sensor be separately mounted to the cube analog simulation coal and rock top surface and
At two vertex positions of the intersection edges of trailing flank, cube phase described in six acoustic emission sensor gamut real-time detections
Like simulation coal and rock internal fissure situation；
Data Detection layer and acoustic emission sensor, be connected by step 203 with computer, realizes Data Detection layer and sound emission
The data communication of sensor and computer, completes building for coal and rock experiment porch；
Step 3: coupling fracturing, process are as follows：
Step 301, water filling fracturing：By the pressure parameter of water injection machine adjusting water filling, the water filling into drilling using water injection machine,
Until the cube analog simulation coal and rock has infiltration or water injection pressure to reduce, while establish the logical of water injection machine and computer
Letter；
The formation of step 302, the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state：Pass through described cube of timer setting
The time threshold stood after body analog simulation coal and rock water filling, during using timer, when the cube analog simulation coal petrography
When time of repose reaches the time threshold of timer setting after body water filling, when computer control prompting device prompting experimenter stands
Between complete, realize that the crack of water filling fracturing reaches full growth, obtain the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state；
Step 303, gaseous medium conduction fracturing：Filled out in drilling to the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state
Blasting charge, using the initiator detonation explosive, computer utilizes temperature sensor collecting temperature data, obtains gas during explosion
Conduction fracturing data in the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state, realize coupling fracturing, the solid-liquid coupling
The cube analog simulation coal and rock of state forms after the explosive blasting and makes chamber；
Step 4: according to formulaThe fracture density ρ of coupling fracturing is calculated, wherein, N obtains for acoustic emission sensor
Crack number after the coupling fracturing taken, V are the volume of the cube analog simulation coal and rock；
Step 5: obtain the volume for making chamber that coupling fracturing produces：After chamber cooling is made described in, by wax injector to described
Make the filling wax of intracavitary injection thawing so that wax liquor makes chamber full of entirely described, is added with the filling wax and condenses glue, waits to add
The cube analog simulation coal and rock of the solid-liquid coupling state is removed added with after the filling wax solidification for condensing glue, intracavitary is made in taking-up
The filling wax added with condensation glue of solidification, utilizes spatial digitizer being labeled added with the filling wax for condensing glue to solidification
And scanning, the volume for making chamber that coupling fracturing produces is obtained, while the filling wax added with condensation glue of observable solidification is outer
Shape, obtains propagation direction, spreading range and the expansion depth in crack；
Step 6: the renewal of coal and rock experiment porch：Acoustic emission sensor is dismantled, computer control cylinder actuator makes gas
Cylinder is retracted, and removes the residue of the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state in experimental box；
Step 7: repeatedly circulation step two obtains the different pressures parameter of water filling and standing for solid-liquid coupling state to step 6
Coupling fracturing data caused by the different unit consumption amounts of explosive are loaded in the drilling of cube analog simulation coal and rock；
Step 8: establishing BP neural network, process is as follows：
Step 801, BP neural network initialization：Computer is using water injection pressure p and explosive specific charge amount d as BP neural network
Input layer, to couple the output of the volume v for making chamber of fracturing generation and the fracture density ρ of coupling fracturing as BP neural network
Node layer；Then, according to formula r=2a+1, the node in hidden layer r, a for calculating BP neural network are the input of BP neural network
Node layer quantity and a=2；
Step 802, according to formulaComputer calculates hidden layer input γIr, hidden layer output
γOr, output layer input yIRY is exported with output layerOR, wherein, i is numbered for hidden layer node and i=1 ..., r, S are input layer
Node serial number and S=1 and 2, R are output layer node serial number and R=1 and 2, uSFor the input value of the S node of input layer, WSiFor
The S node of input layer is to the initial connection weight between i-th of node of hidden layer, biFor the threshold value of i-th of node of hidden layer,
F () is the transfer function of hidden layer and f () is trainlm functions, ωiRIt is a to output layer R for i-th of node of hidden layer
Initial connection weight between node, bRFor the threshold value of the R node of output layer, F () is the transfer function and F of output layer
() is logsig transfer functions；
Step 803, according to formulaComputer calculates iteration error e, wherein, qRFor output layer R
The real output value of a node；
Step 804, correct input layer to the connection weight between hidden layer and hidden layer to the connection weight between output layer
Value：According to formulaTo the S node of input layer to the initial connection weight W between i-th of node of hidden layerSiWith
I-th of node of hidden layer is to the initial connection weight ω between the R node of output layeriRIt is modified, Z is study number numbering
And Z=1 ..., z, the S node of input layer is obtained to the Z times modified amendment connection weight between i-th of node of hidden layer
ValueAnd i-th of node of hidden layer is to the Z times modified amendment connection weight between the R node of output layer μ is learning rate and μ=0.01, as Z=1,
Step 805, z repeat step 802 to step 804, until iteration error meets e≤1 × 10-5, obtain BP nerves
Network；
Step 9: volume and the development in crack of making chamber that analysis coupling fracturing produces：Computer replace water injection pressure p and
Explosive specific charge amount d, and the new water injection pressure of replacement and explosive specific charge amount are inputted into BP neural network, obtain coupling fracturing and produce
The volume for making chamber estimate and coupling fracturing fracture density estimate, realize coupling fracturing quantitative analysis.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art：
1st, the Visualizing Test System that the present invention uses, by being respectively provided with cylinder on the side wall and top plate of experimental box, is used
In applying pressure to analog simulation coal and rock, easy to simulate surrounding rock body pressure suffered by actual coal and rock, analog simulation coal and rock
For the cube analog simulation coal and rock of onboard data detection layers, make simply, Data Detection layer is by symmetrical around drill center
The multiple sensor components composition set, measurement cube analog simulation coal and rock is pressurized and temperature change is uniform, easy to promote
Use.
2nd, the Visualizing Test System that the present invention uses, by the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state
Explosive is loaded, obtain coupling fracturing generation makes chamber, and the crack produced by acoustic emission sensor to coupling fracturing positions
And statistics crack data, modulation filling wax injection are made intracavitary, after wax solidification to be filled, are obtained using spatial digitizer and make chamber
Volume, is easy to the propagation direction of visual inspection observation crackle, extension deep after removing cube analog simulation coal and rock residue
Degree and spreading range, reliable and stable, using effect is good.
3rd, the method that the present invention uses, step is simple, by prefabricated multiple cube analog simulation coal and rocks, for each
Cube analog simulation coal and rock adjusts the cube analog simulation of different liquid water pressures and the solid-liquid coupling state in formation
Change different explosive specific charge amounts in coal and rock, obtain the cube phase of liquid filling pressure and explosive load parameter to solid-liquid coupling state
Like the crack propagation data of simulation coal and rock, in addition, obtaining splitting for coupling fracturing using acoustic emission sensor after explosion
Gap density, while the volume for making chamber is obtained using spatial digitizer, establish BP neural network analysis coupling fracturing parameter and cavity
Relation between volume and cranny development, it is easy to operate, it is directly perceived effective, easy to promote the use of.
In conclusion the present invention is novel in design rationally, chamber can be made by coupling fracturing acquisition, it is visual using spatial digitizer
Change the volume that chamber is made in observation, obtain the spreading range degree in crack in coupling fracturing, and establish BP neural network analysis coupling fracturing
Relation between parameter and cavity volume and cranny development, it is easy to operate, it is directly perceived effective, easy to promote the use of.
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of coal and rock experiment porch in the Visualizing Test System that the present invention uses.
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional views of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that the installation of analog simulation coal and rock and acoustic emission sensor in the Visualizing Test System that the present invention uses is closed
It is schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram for the Visualizing Test System that the present invention uses.
Fig. 5 is the FB(flow block) for the method that the present invention uses.
Description of reference numerals:
1-experimental box；2-analog simulation coal and rock；3-cylinder；
4-acoustic emission sensor；The acoustic emission sensors of 4-1-first；
The acoustic emission sensors of 4-2-second；The acoustic emission sensors of 4-3-the 3rd；
4-4-falling tone emission sensor；4-5-fifth sound emission sensor；
The acoustic emission sensors of 4-6-the 6th；5-Data Detection layer；
6-drilling；7-sensor component；7-1-pressure sensor；
7-2-temperature sensor；8-computer；9-timer；
10-prompting device；11-display；12-water injection machine；
13-cylinder actuator；14-spatial digitizer；15-wax injector.
Embodiment
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, coupling fracturing of the present invention makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, including coal and rock
Experiment porch, coupling fracturing mechanism and visualization measurement mechanism, the coal and rock experiment porch include computer 8,1 and of experimental box
The analog simulation coal and rock 2 being arranged in experimental box 1, is mounted on the side wall and top plate of experimental box 1 being used for analog simulation
Coal and rock 2 applies stressed cylinder 3, and cylinder 3 is controlled by cylinder actuator 13 by computer 8, and analog simulation coal and rock 2 is vertical
Cube analog simulation coal and rock, is laid with the marginal position of the cube analog simulation coal and rock and multiple is used to monitoring cube
The acoustic emission sensor 4 of body analog simulation coal and rock crack propagation situation, is buried in the cube analog simulation coal and rock in advance
Equipped with Data Detection layer 5, drilling 6 is inwardly offered vertically at the top center of the cube analog simulation coal and rock,
Data Detection layer 5 includes multiple sensor components 7 around 6 center symmetric settings of drilling, and sensor component 7 is by pressure sensor
7-1 and temperature sensor 7-2, pressure sensor 7-1, temperature sensor 7-2 and acoustic emission sensor 4 are carried out with computer 8
Data communication；
It should be noted that the analog simulation coal similar to its physical characteristic is made according to the physical characteristic of actual coal and rock
Rock mass 2, analog simulation coal and rock 2 is arranged in experimental box 1, and experimental box 1 uses explosion-proof experimental box in actual use, avoids reality
Test error and cause unnecessary destruction and loss, be respectively mounted and be used for analog simulation coal and rock 2 on the side wall and top plate of experimental box 1
The purpose for applying stressed cylinder 3 be the actual coal and rock of simulation suffered by surrounding rock body pressure, tally with the actual situation, analog simulation coal
Rock mass 2 is easy for the making of analog simulation coal and rock 2 using the purpose one of cube analog simulation coal and rock, and two are easy in advance
Data Detection layer 5 is laid, in actual use, need to downwards be opened up at 2 top dead center position of analog simulation coal and rock and bore 6 holes, number
Laid according to detection layers 5 at 6 centrosymmetric positions of drilling, it is high easy to uniform measurement experiment data, data acquisition reliability；
In the present embodiment, the number of plies of the Data Detection layer 5 is multilayer；In actual use, according to the propagation characteristic and cube of power
The size of analog simulation coal and rock, is not spaced 20cm~30cm and lays a layer data detection layers 5, high certainty of measurement.
In actual use, multiple acoustic emission sensors are laid at the marginal position of the cube analog simulation coal and rock
4, for monitoring cube analog simulation coal and rock crack propagation situation, in the present embodiment, the number of the acoustic emission sensor 4
Measure as six, six acoustic emission sensors 4 be respectively the first acoustic emission sensor 4-1, the second acoustic emission sensor 4-2,
3rd acoustic emission sensor 4-3, falling tone emission sensor 4-4, fifth sound emission sensor 4-5 and the 6th acoustic emission sensor
4-6, the first acoustic emission sensor 4-1 and the second acoustic emission sensor 4-2 are separately mounted to the cube analog simulation coal petrography
At two vertex positions of the intersection edges of body bottom surface and leading flank, the 3rd acoustic emission sensor 4-3 is installed on the cube phase
Like at the point midway of simulation coal and rock bottom surface and the intersection edges of trailing flank, falling tone emission sensor 4-4 is installed on described vertical
At the point midway of the intersection edges of cube analog simulation coal and rock top surface and leading flank, fifth sound emission sensor 4-5 and the 6th
Acoustic emission sensor 4-6 is separately mounted to two tops of the intersection edges of the cube analog simulation coal and rock top surface and trailing flank
At point position；Ensure that includes three sound on bottom surface, leading flank, top surface and the trailing flank of cube analog simulation coal and rock sends out
Sensor is penetrated, utilizes the first acoustic emission sensor 4-1, the second acoustic emission sensor 4-2 and the 3rd the sound emission biography positioned at bottom surface
Sensor 4-3 detects cube analog simulation coal and rock internal fissure data from the bottom to top, is launched using the falling tone positioned at top surface and passed
Sensor 4-4, fifth sound emission sensor 4-5 and the 6th acoustic emission sensor 4-6 from top to bottom detect cube analog simulation coal
Rock mass internal fissure data, utilize the first acoustic emission sensor 4-1 positioned at leading flank, the second acoustic emission sensor 4-2 and the 4th
Acoustic emission sensor 4-4 detects cube analog simulation coal and rock internal fissure data from front to back, using positioned at the of trailing flank
Three acoustic emission sensor 4-3, fifth sound emission sensor 4-5 and the 6th acoustic emission sensor 4-6 are by rear to preceding detection cube
Analog simulation coal and rock internal fissure data, realize it is comprehensive to cube analog simulation coal and rock carry out crack detection, using six
The purpose one of a acoustic emission sensor 4 is the wasting of resources for avoiding the use for causing unnecessary acoustic emission sensor 4 from bringing, and is increased
Addition sheet, while increase the complexity of data processing；Second, cube analog simulation coal and rock is carried out in order to ensure comprehensive
Crack detection, Effect on Detecting are good.
The coupling fracturing mechanism include into drilling 6 water filling and for adjusting the water injection machine 12 of hydraulic parameters, to water filling
The explosive and the initiator for the explosive that detonates loaded in the cube analog simulation coal and rock of the solid-liquid coupling state obtained afterwards, note
Liquid machine 12 communicates with calculation machine 8；
The visualization measurement mechanism includes making the filling wax of chamber described in intracavitary injection filling to making of producing of coupling fracturing
Wax injector 15 and the spatial digitizer 14 for making cavity volume for scanning the filling wax filling, spatial digitizer 14 and casting
Machine 15 communicates with computer 8；
In the present embodiment, the spatial digitizer 14 is handheld three-dimensional scanner.
It should be noted that adjusting water injection pressure to cube analog simulation coal and rock water filling using water injection machine 12, obtain
The cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state, by being loaded in the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state
Explosive, obtain coupling fracturing after formed make chamber, wait make chamber cooling after, using spatial digitizer 14 visually scanning make cavity
Product, spatial digitizer 14 uses handheld three-dimensional scanner, easy to use, and scanning is comprehensive, and obtaining can while making the volume of chamber
Propagation direction, depth and the scope of eye slit.
It is connected with display 11, the cube analog simulation coal and rock for setting solid-liquid coupling state and splits on computer 8
The timer 9 of gap development time and for prompting experimenter's cranny development sufficient prompting device 10.
It should be noted that the purpose of connection timer 9 is to be used to set the cranny development time after water filling on computer 8,
In actual use, the alternative experimenter's manual record time of timer 9, avoid delaying or missing experimental period, make to be formed solid
The cube analog simulation coal and rock of liquid coupled state misses the best opportunity, and the purpose that prompting device 10 is connected on computer 8 is actively
Experimenter is prompted, in the present embodiment, the prompting device 10 is indicator light or wireless communication module；Wherein, the wireless communication
Module is the gsm module or short message cat module with experimenter's mobile communication, realizes the automatic operating of experimental provision.
In the present embodiment, the depth of the drilling 6 is 0.2h~0.8h, wherein, h is the cube analog simulation coal petrography
The length of side of body.
It should be noted that when the depth of drilling 6 is too low or too deep, explosive does not have sufficient explosive effect, easily makes
Into the failure of experiment, the depth of preferable drilling 6 uses 0.6h.
In the present embodiment, the quantity of the cube analog simulation coal and rock is multiple, meets the needs of many experiments.
A kind of coupling fracturing as shown in Figure 5 makes cavity volume visual testing and cranny development analysis method, including following
Step：
Step 1: prefabricated cube analog simulation coal and rock：According to the physical characteristic of coal and rock actually to be simulated, utilize
Analog simulation method injects preformed material into cubic container, and cube analog simulation coal and rock is established after conserving the t times, and
During cube analog simulation coal and rock is established, Data Detection layer 5 is buried in cube analog simulation coal and rock,
Drilling 6 is inwardly opened up vertically at the top center of cube analog simulation coal and rock；
The quantity of the cubic container, can prefabricated multiple cube analog simulation coal and rocks at the same time to be multiple；
It should be noted that by prefabricated multiple cube analog simulation coal and rocks, for each cube analog simulation
Coal and rock adjusts different liquid water pressures and changes not in the cube analog simulation coal and rock of the solid-liquid coupling state of formation
With explosive specific charge amount, obtain liquid filling pressure and explosive load parameter to the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state
Crack propagation data.
Step 2: coal and rock experiment porch is built, process is as follows：
Step 201, take a cube analog simulation coal and rock to be placed in experimental box 1, is controlled using computer 8
Cylinder actuator 13 makes multiple cylinders 3 for being installed on the side wall and top plate of experimental box 1 to the cube analog simulation coal and rock
Apply pressure, pressure of the simulation actually coal and rock to be simulated by environment rock mass；
Step 202, laying is multiple for monitoring cube at the marginal position of the cube analog simulation coal and rock
The acoustic emission sensor 4 of analog simulation coal and rock crack propagation situation, the quantity of the acoustic emission sensor 4 is six, six
The acoustic emission sensor 4 is respectively the first acoustic emission sensor 4-1, the second acoustic emission sensor 4-2, the 3rd voice sending sensor
Device 4-3, falling tone emission sensor 4-4, fifth sound emission sensor 4-5 and the 6th acoustic emission sensor 4-6, the first sound emission
Sensor 4-1 and the second acoustic emission sensor 4-2 are separately mounted to the cube analog simulation coal and rock bottom surface and leading flank
Intersection edges two vertex positions at, the 3rd acoustic emission sensor 4-3 is installed on the cube analog simulation coal and rock bottom
At the point midway of the intersection edges of face and trailing flank, falling tone emission sensor 4-4 is installed on the cube analog simulation coal
At the point midway of the intersection edges of rock mass top surface and leading flank, fifth sound emission sensor 4-5 and the 6th acoustic emission sensor 4-6
It is separately mounted at two vertex positions of the intersection edges of the cube analog simulation coal and rock top surface and trailing flank, six institutes
State cube analog simulation coal and rock internal fissure situation described in 4 gamut real-time detection of acoustic emission sensor；
Data Detection layer 5 and acoustic emission sensor 4, be connected by step 203 with computer 8, realizes 5 harmony of Data Detection layer
Emission sensor 4 and the data communication of computer 8, complete building for coal and rock experiment porch；
Step 3: coupling fracturing, process are as follows：
Step 301, water filling fracturing：The pressure parameter of water filling is adjusted by water injection machine 12, using water injection machine 12 into drilling 6
Water filling, until the cube analog simulation coal and rock has infiltration or water injection pressure to reduce, while establishes water injection machine 12 with calculating
The communication of machine 8；
The formation of step 302, the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state：Set by timer 9 described vertical
The time threshold stood after cube analog simulation coal and rock water filling, using 9 timing of timer, when the cube analog simulation coal
When time of repose reaches the time threshold of the setting of timer 9 after rock mass water filling, computer 8 controls prompting device 10 to prompt experimenter
Time of repose is completed, and is realized that the crack of water filling fracturing reaches full growth, is obtained the cube analog simulation coal petrography of solid-liquid coupling state
Body；
Step 303, gaseous medium conduction fracturing：In drilling 6 to the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state
Explosive is loaded, using the initiator detonation explosive, computer 8 utilizes temperature sensor 7-2 collecting temperature data, obtains explosion
When conduction fracturing data of the gas in the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state, realize coupling fracturing, it is described solid
The cube analog simulation coal and rock of liquid coupled state forms after the explosive blasting and makes chamber；
Step 4: according to formulaThe fracture density ρ of coupling fracturing is calculated, wherein, N obtains for acoustic emission sensor 4
Crack number after the coupling fracturing taken, V are the volume of the cube analog simulation coal and rock；
Step 5: obtain the volume for making chamber that coupling fracturing produces：After chamber cooling is made described in, by wax injector 15 to institute
State the filling wax for making intracavitary injection thawing so that wax liquor makes chamber full of entirely described, is added with the filling wax and condenses glue, treated
Added with the cube analog simulation coal and rock of the solid-liquid coupling state is removed after the filling wax solidification for condensing glue, chamber is made in taking-up
The filling wax added with condensation glue of interior solidification, utilizes spatial digitizer 14 to carry out solidification added with the filling wax for condensing glue
Mark and scan, obtain the volume for making chamber that coupling fracturing produces, while the filling wax for being added with condensation glue of observable solidification
Shape, obtain propagation direction, spreading range and the expansion depth in crack；
It should be noted that the filling wax to be added for having condensation glue is similar by the cube of the solid-liquid coupling state after solidifying
Simulate coal and rock to remove, it is to obtain the reality that chamber is made in visualization to take out and make the purpose added with the filling wax for condensing glue that intracavitary solidifies
Border volume, can intuitively observe the developmental state for making intracavitary crack at this time, and still, in actual conditions, some is split after coupling matter is split
Gap is tiny, is not enough to fill the filling wax to be added for having and condensing glue, and the cavity that tiny crack is formed is small, its volume can neglect
Slightly disregard, but can not ignore the crack that coupling matter splits generation again, therefore, all cracks are positioned using acoustic emission sensor 4
Position and the quantity for counting crack, crack number after the coupling fracturing of acquisition.
Step 6: the renewal of coal and rock experiment porch：Acoustic emission sensor 4 is dismantled, computer 8 controls cylinder actuator 13
Cylinder 3 is retracted, remove the residue of the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state in experimental box 1；
Step 7: repeatedly circulation step two obtains the different pressures parameter of water filling and standing for solid-liquid coupling state to step 6
Coupling fracturing data caused by the different unit consumption amounts of explosive are loaded in the drilling 6 of cube analog simulation coal and rock；
Step 8: establishing BP neural network, process is as follows：
Step 801, BP neural network initialization：Computer 8 is using water injection pressure p and explosive specific charge amount d as BP neural network
Input layer, using couple fracturing generation make chamber volume v and coupling fracturing fracture density ρ as the defeated of BP neural network
Go out node layer；Then, according to formula r=2a+1, the node in hidden layer r, a for calculating BP neural network are the defeated of BP neural network
Enter node layer quantity and a=2；
Step 802, according to formulaComputer 8 calculates hidden layer input γIr, hidden layer output
γOr, output layer input yIRY is exported with output layerOR, wherein, i is numbered for hidden layer node and i=1 ..., r, S are input layer
Node serial number and S=1 and 2, R are output layer node serial number and R=1 and 2, uSFor the input value of the S node of input layer, WSiFor
The S node of input layer is to the initial connection weight between i-th of node of hidden layer, biFor the threshold value of i-th of node of hidden layer,
F () is the transfer function of hidden layer and f () is trainlm functions, ωiRIt is a to output layer R for i-th of node of hidden layer
Initial connection weight between node, bRFor the threshold value of the R node of output layer, F () is the transfer function and F of output layer
() is logsig transfer functions；Trainlm functions and logsig transfer function fast convergence rates, error is small, and data are fitted
Ying Xingqiang.
Step 803, according to formulaComputer 8 calculates iteration error e, wherein, qRFor output layer
The real output value of R node；
Step 804, correct input layer to the connection weight between hidden layer and hidden layer to the connection weight between output layer
Value：According to formulaTo the S node of input layer to the initial connection weight W between i-th of node of hidden layerSiWith
I-th of node of hidden layer is to the initial connection weight ω between the R node of output layeriRIt is modified, Z is study number numbering
And Z=1 ..., z, the S node of input layer is obtained to the Z times modified amendment connection weight between i-th of node of hidden layer
ValueAnd i-th of node of hidden layer is to the Z times modified amendment connection weight between the R node of output layer μ is learning rate and μ=0.01, as Z=1,
It should be noted that update the connection weight of the Z times using the connection weight of the Z-1 times, and by the connection of the Z times
The initial connection weight that weights are assigned in step 802 carries out BP network outputs, is surveyed using the output of BP networks and actual visualization
The output of amount is compared, and training is met the BP neural network of demand.
Step 805, z repeat step 802 to step 804, until iteration error meets e≤1 × 10-5, obtain BP nerves
Network；
Step 9: volume and the development in crack of making chamber that analysis coupling fracturing produces：Computer 8 replaces water injection pressure p
With explosive specific charge amount d, and the new water injection pressure of replacement and explosive specific charge amount are inputted into BP neural network, obtain coupling fracturing production
The estimate of the estimate of the raw volume for making chamber and the fracture density of coupling fracturing, realizes the quantitative analysis of coupling fracturing.
The present invention is sent out in use, establishing coupling fracturing parameter using BP neural network Forecasting Methodology with cavity volume and crack
Relation between educating is, it can be achieved that quantitative analysis couples fracturing parameter and makes the relation between cavity volume, and utilizes fracture density true
Surely the development in crack in fracturing and the intensity of coal and rock after coupling fracturing are coupled, rational coupling fracturing scheme is formulated for the later stage
Foundation is provided.
The above, is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, it is every according to the present invention
Any simple modification, change and the equivalent structure change that technical spirit makees above example, still fall within skill of the present invention
In the protection domain of art scheme.
Claims (8)
1. coupling fracturing makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：Including coal and rock experiment porch, coupling fracturing machine
Structure and visualization measurement mechanism, the coal and rock experiment porch include computer (8), experimental box (1) and are arranged on experimental box (1)
Interior analog simulation coal and rock (2), is mounted on the side wall and top plate of experimental box (1) being used for analog simulation coal and rock (2)
Stressed cylinder (3) is applied, cylinder (3) is controlled by cylinder actuator (13) by computer (8), analog simulation coal and rock (2)
For cube analog simulation coal and rock, it is laid with the marginal position of the cube analog simulation coal and rock and multiple is used to monitor
The acoustic emission sensor (4) of cube analog simulation coal and rock crack propagation situation, in the cube analog simulation coal and rock
Pre-plugged has Data Detection layer (5), is inwardly opened up vertically at the top center of the cube analog simulation coal and rock
There is drilling (6), Data Detection layer (5) includes multiple sensor components (7) around drilling (6) center symmetric setting, sensor
Component (7) is by pressure sensor (7-1) and temperature sensor (7-2), pressure sensor (7-1), temperature sensor (7-2) harmony
Emission sensor (4) is with computer (8) into row data communication；
The coupling fracturing mechanism include to the interior water filling of drilling (6) and for adjusting the water injection machine (12) of hydraulic parameters, to water filling
The explosive and the initiator for the explosive that detonates loaded in the cube analog simulation coal and rock of the solid-liquid coupling state obtained afterwards, note
Liquid machine (12) communicates with calculating machine (8)；
The visualization measurement mechanism includes the note for making the filling wax that chamber is made described in intracavitary injection filling produced to coupling fracturing
Wax machine (15) and the spatial digitizer (14) for making cavity volume for scanning the filling wax filling, spatial digitizer (14) and note
Wax machine (15) communicates with computer (8)；
It is connected with display (11), the cube analog simulation coal and rock for setting solid-liquid coupling state and splits on computer (8)
The timer (9) of gap development time and for prompting the sufficient prompting device of experimenter's cranny development (10).
2. coupling fracturing described in accordance with the claim 1 makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The sound emission
The quantity of sensor (4) is six, and six acoustic emission sensors (4) are respectively the first acoustic emission sensor (4-1), second
Acoustic emission sensor (4-2), the 3rd acoustic emission sensor (4-3), falling tone emission sensor (4-4), fifth sound transmitting sensing
Device (4-5) and the 6th acoustic emission sensor (4-6), the first acoustic emission sensor (4-1) and the second acoustic emission sensor (4-2) point
Not An Zhuan the cube analog simulation coal and rock bottom surface and leading flank intersection edges two vertex positions at, the 3rd sound hair
Sensor (4-3) is penetrated at the point midway of the cube analog simulation coal and rock bottom surface and the intersection edges of trailing flank,
Falling tone emission sensor (4-4) is installed on the midpoint of the intersection edges of the cube analog simulation coal and rock top surface and leading flank
At position, fifth sound emission sensor (4-5) and the 6th acoustic emission sensor (4-6) are separately mounted to the similar mould of the cube
At two vertex positions for intending the intersection edges of coal and rock top surface and trailing flank.
3. coupling fracturing described in accordance with the claim 1 makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The three-dimensional is swept
It is handheld three-dimensional scanner to retouch instrument (14).
4. coupling fracturing described in accordance with the claim 1 makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The drilling
(6) depth is 0.2h~0.8h, wherein, h is the length of side of the cube analog simulation coal and rock.
5. coupling fracturing described in accordance with the claim 1 makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The prompting device
(10) it is indicator light or wireless communication module.
6. make cavity volume Visualizing Test System according to the coupling fracturing described in claim 5, it is characterised in that：The channel radio
Believe module for the gsm module or short message cat module with experimenter's mobile communication.
7. coupling fracturing described in accordance with the claim 1 makes cavity volume Visualizing Test System, it is characterised in that：The data inspection
The number of plies for surveying layer (5) is multilayer, and the quantity of the cube analog simulation coal and rock is multiple.
8. carrying out coupling fracturing using system as claimed in claim 1 makes the side that cavity volume visual testing and cranny development are analyzed
Method, it is characterised in that：This method comprises the following steps：
Step 1: prefabricated cube analog simulation coal and rock：It is similar according to the physical characteristic of coal and rock actually to be simulated, utilization
Analogy method injects preformed material into cubic container, establishes cube analog simulation coal and rock after conserving the t times, and building
During vertical cube analog simulation coal and rock, Data Detection layer (5) is buried in cube analog simulation coal and rock, vertical
Drilling (6) is inwardly opened up at the top center of cube analog simulation coal and rock vertically；
The quantity of the cubic container, can prefabricated multiple cube analog simulation coal and rocks at the same time to be multiple；
Step 2: coal and rock experiment porch is built, process is as follows：
Step 201, take a cube analog simulation coal and rock to be placed in experimental box (1), is controlled using computer (8)
Cylinder actuator (13) makes multiple cylinders (3) for being installed on the side wall and top plate of experimental box (1) to the cube analog simulation
Coal and rock applies pressure, pressure of the simulation actually coal and rock to be simulated by environment rock mass；
Step 202, laying is multiple similar for monitoring cube at the marginal position of the cube analog simulation coal and rock
The acoustic emission sensor (4) of coal and rock crack propagation situation is simulated, the quantity of the acoustic emission sensor (4) is six, six
The acoustic emission sensor (4) is respectively the first acoustic emission sensor (4-1), the second acoustic emission sensor (4-2), the 3rd sound hair
Penetrate sensor (4-3), falling tone emission sensor (4-4), fifth sound emission sensor (4-5) and the 6th acoustic emission sensor
(4-6), the first acoustic emission sensor (4-1) and the second acoustic emission sensor (4-2) are separately mounted to the similar mould of the cube
At two vertex positions for intending the intersection edges of coal and rock bottom surface and leading flank, the 3rd acoustic emission sensor (4-3) is installed on described
At the point midway of the intersection edges of cube analog simulation coal and rock bottom surface and trailing flank, falling tone emission sensor (4-4) peace
At the cube analog simulation coal and rock top surface and the point midway of the intersection edges of leading flank, fifth sound emission sensor
(4-5) and the 6th acoustic emission sensor (4-6) are separately mounted to the cube analog simulation coal and rock top surface and trailing flank
At two vertex positions of intersection edges, the similar mould of cube described in six acoustic emission sensor (4) gamut real-time detections
Intend coal and rock internal fissure situation；
Data Detection layer (5) and acoustic emission sensor (4), be connected by step 203 with computer (8), realizes Data Detection layer (5)
With the data communication of acoustic emission sensor (4) and computer (8), building for coal and rock experiment porch is completed；
Step 3: coupling fracturing, process are as follows：
Step 301, water filling fracturing：By water injection machine (12) adjust water filling pressure parameter, using water injection machine (12) to drilling (6)
Interior water filling, until the cube analog simulation coal and rock has infiltration or water injection pressure to reduce, while establish water injection machine (12) with
The communication of computer (8)；
The formation of step 302, the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state：Pass through described cube of timer (9) setting
The time threshold stood after body analog simulation coal and rock water filling, using timer (9) timing, when the cube analog simulation coal
When time of repose reaches the time threshold of timer (9) setting after rock mass water filling, computer (8) control prompting device (10) prompting is real
The completion of personnel's time of repose is tested, realizes that the crack of water filling fracturing reaches full growth, obtains the similar mould of cube of solid-liquid coupling state
Intend coal and rock；
Step 303, gaseous medium conduction fracturing：Filled out in drilling (6) to the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state
Blasting charge, using the initiator detonation explosive, computer (8) utilizes temperature sensor (7-2) collecting temperature data, obtains quick-fried
Conduction fracturing data of the gas in the cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state when broken, realize coupling fracturing, described
The cube analog simulation coal and rock of solid-liquid coupling state forms after the explosive blasting and makes chamber；
Step 4: according to formulaThe fracture density ρ of coupling fracturing is calculated, wherein, N obtains for acoustic emission sensor (4)
Coupling fracturing after crack number, V be the cube analog simulation coal and rock volume；
Step 5: obtain the volume for making chamber that coupling fracturing produces：After chamber cooling is made described in, by wax injector (15) to described
Make the filling wax of intracavitary injection thawing so that wax liquor makes chamber full of entirely described, is added with the filling wax and condenses glue, waits to add
The cube analog simulation coal and rock of the solid-liquid coupling state is removed added with after the filling wax solidification for condensing glue, intracavitary is made in taking-up
The filling wax added with condensation glue of solidification, utilizes spatial digitizer (14) to carry out solidification added with the filling wax for condensing glue
Mark and scan, obtain the volume for making chamber that coupling fracturing produces, while the filling wax for being added with condensation glue of observable solidification
Shape, obtain propagation direction, spreading range and the expansion depth in crack；
Step 6: the renewal of coal and rock experiment porch：Dismantle acoustic emission sensor (4), computer (8) control cylinder actuator
(13) cylinder (3) is retracted, remove the residue of the cube analog simulation coal and rock of experimental box (1) interior solid-liquid coupling state；
Step 7: repeatedly circulation step two obtains the different pressures parameter of water filling and the cube of solid-liquid coupling state to step 6
Coupling fracturing data caused by the different unit consumption amounts of explosive are loaded in the drilling (6) of analog simulation coal and rock；
Step 8: establishing BP neural network, process is as follows：
Step 801, BP neural network initialization：Computer (8) is using water injection pressure p and explosive specific charge amount d as BP neural network
Input layer, to couple the output of the volume v for making chamber of fracturing generation and the fracture density ρ of coupling fracturing as BP neural network
Node layer；Then, according to formula r=2a+1, the node in hidden layer r, a for calculating BP neural network are the input of BP neural network
Node layer quantity and a=2；
Step 802, according to formulaComputer (8) calculates hidden layer input γIr, hidden layer output
γOr, output layer input yIRY is exported with output layerOR, wherein, i is numbered for hidden layer node and i=1 ..., r, S are input layer
Node serial number and S=1 and 2, R are output layer node serial number and R=1 and 2, uSFor the input value of the S node of input layer, WSiFor
The S node of input layer is to the initial connection weight between i-th of node of hidden layer, biFor the threshold value of i-th of node of hidden layer,
F () is the transfer function of hidden layer and f () is trainlm functions, ωiRIt is a to output layer R for i-th of node of hidden layer
Initial connection weight between node, bRFor the threshold value of the R node of output layer, F () is the transfer function and F of output layer
() is logsig transfer functions；
Step 803, according to formulaComputer (8) calculates iteration error e, wherein, qRFor output layer R
The real output value of a node；
Step 804, correct input layer to the connection weight between hidden layer and hidden layer to the connection weight between output layer：Root
According to formulaTo the S node of input layer to the initial connection weight W between i-th of node of hidden layerSiWith it is implicit
I-th of node of layer is to the initial connection weight ω between the R node of output layeriRIt is modified, Z is study number numbering and Z
=1 ..., z, obtains the S node of input layer to the Z times modified amendment connection weight between i-th of node of hidden layerAnd i-th of node of hidden layer is to the Z times modified amendment connection weight between the R node of output layer μ is learning rate and μ=0.01, as Z=1,
Step 805, z repeat step 802 to step 804, until iteration error meets e≤1 × 10-5, obtain BP neural network；
Step 9: volume and the development in crack of making chamber that analysis coupling fracturing produces：Computer (8) replace water injection pressure p and
Explosive specific charge amount d, and the new water injection pressure of replacement and explosive specific charge amount are inputted into BP neural network, obtain coupling fracturing and produce
The volume for making chamber estimate and coupling fracturing fracture density estimate, realize coupling fracturing quantitative analysis.
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