CN107996942A - 一种丰年虫无节幼体保藏剂及其保藏方法 - Google Patents

一种丰年虫无节幼体保藏剂及其保藏方法 Download PDF

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CN107996942A
CN107996942A CN201711248027.2A CN201711248027A CN107996942A CN 107996942 A CN107996942 A CN 107996942A CN 201711248027 A CN201711248027 A CN 201711248027A CN 107996942 A CN107996942 A CN 107996942A
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nauplius
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胡壮涛
丁玉龙
王广宁
葛立保
马家好
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Yangjiang Liyang Seedling Breeding Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/36Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23L3/37Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of or treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/375Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of or treatment with chemicals with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid nitrogen, at cryogenic temperature
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
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    • A23L3/3463Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • A23L3/3481Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A23L3/349Organic compounds containing oxygen with singly-bound oxygen
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/3454Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23L3/3463Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • A23L3/3481Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A23L3/3499Organic compounds containing oxygen with doubly-bound oxygen
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/3454Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23L3/3463Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • A23L3/3526Organic compounds containing nitrogen

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Abstract

本发明属于水产养殖领域,本发明公开了一种丰年虫保藏剂及其保藏方法,该保藏剂包括原料包括甘油、脱脂乳和海藻酸钠。本发明保藏剂以及保藏方法该方法可以延长丰年虫无节幼体的保藏时间,同时不破坏丰年虫无节幼体中总蛋白和不饱和脂肪酸,不减少丰年虫无节幼体中总蛋白和不饱和脂肪酸的含量。

Description

一种丰年虫无节幼体保藏剂及其保藏方法
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种丰年虫无节幼体保藏剂及其保藏方法。
背景技术
丰年虫又称卤虫,为一种小型的低等甲壳动物,是鱼苗及虾蟹类幼体培养中重要的生物饵料。其初孵无节幼体已广泛应用于虾苗培育过程,后期幼体及成虫也是很多水产苗种的适口饵料。丰年虫休眠卵较易长期保存和运输,适宜进行商品化生产,且培育方便,这些特点使丰年虫在水产养殖中占有重要的地位。
南美白对虾无节幼体从卵中孵化出来后,在合适的生长环境下2天可以变态至溞状幼体期,此时幼体才开口可以摄食食物。此阶段的南美白对虾溞状幼体利用2对叉状的鄂足和腹部的伸曲运动进行游泳,故游泳能力弱。而丰年虫无节幼体的游动能力强,游动速度快,南美白对虾溞状幼体无法对其进行捕食,所以在这个阶段投喂的丰年虫无节幼体,都采取将丰年虫无节幼体置于-18℃环境中冻成冰块保存,投喂时取出冻丰年虫冰块投入苗池中,待冰块融化,南美白对虾溞状幼体再捕食死亡的丰年虫无节幼体。
丰年虫无节幼体冰块的制备,一是有利于丰年虫无节幼体的储存,在需要喂食时取出即用;二是死亡的丰年虫无节幼体失丧失游动能力,利于南美白对虾溞状幼体捕食,以获取营养。但丰年虫无节幼体经-18℃冷藏后,体内细胞产生了大量的冰晶,解冻后细胞破裂,导致丰年虫肢体溶解,大量营养丧失。根据不同冷藏时间,肢体溶解率变化均不同。笔者设置了观察了不同冷冻时间对丰年虫无节幼体肢体溶解率的影响:24h丰年虫无节幼体肢体溶解率为0.75%,肢体溶解率与冷冻时间基本呈正比。当储存时间达到12天时,丰年虫无节幼体的肢体溶解率达到70%以上,此时投喂的丰年虫无节幼体基本都溶解在了苗池水体中,而溶解的丰年虫无节幼体,无法为虾苗为摄食,EPA和DHA大幅下降,同时污染了苗池水体,滋生了细菌和真菌,给育苗工作带来了极大的困难。因此,研究一种新的丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂及其保藏方法,至关重要。
发明内容
基于上述原因,申请人经过多年的实验研究,得到一种新的保藏剂,该保藏剂原料包括甘油、脱脂乳和海藻酸钠,将丰年虫无节幼体与保藏剂混合制成悬液,将上述悬液经过几个冷冻程序,最终悬液在-18℃中保藏,研究表明,本发明的保藏剂以及保藏方法对丰年虫无节幼体有着很好的保藏作用。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现的。
一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,该保藏剂原料包括甘油、脱脂乳和海藻酸钠。
所述的一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,其中保藏剂中甘油40-60重量份,脱脂乳15-25重量份,海藻酸钠3-4重量份。
所述的一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,其中保藏剂中甘油50重量份,脱脂乳20重量份,海藻酸钠3.5重量份。
所述的一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,保藏剂在保藏丰年虫无节幼体中的应用。
丰年虫无节幼体的保藏方法为:
(1)取海水,加入甘油、脱脂乳和海藻酸钠,加热至40℃-80℃,搅拌,混合完全,降温至室温,得到保藏剂;
(2)取丰年虫无节幼体,加入保藏剂中,冷冻,即得。
其中保藏方法中步骤(2)中丰年虫无节幼体与保藏剂的重量比为8-12:1。
其中保藏方法中步骤(2)中冷冻方法为:
4℃维持3-4小时,-10℃维持5-6小时,转入-18℃冷冻。
与现有的技术相比,本发明有如下优势:
(1)保存时间长。处于-18℃中可以储存1个月而不影响丰年虫无节幼体的品质和营养。
(2)营养保存好。在丰年虫无节幼体中添加了多种保藏剂,使丰年虫无节幼体在-18℃环境中不能冻结成冰块,同时保藏剂能对丰年虫体细胞进行保藏,达到丰年虫保鲜的效果,使丰年虫无节幼体体内的不饱和脂肪酸能保持不被破坏。
(3)无毒副作用。使用的甘油、脱脂奶和海藻酸钠不会对丰年虫、虾苗及水体产生毒副作用,不影响虾苗的摄食生长。
本发明保藏剂原料来源,见表1:
表1保藏剂原料来源
制备实施例
实施例1
取甘油40g,脱脂乳15g,海藻酸钠3g,加入1L海水中,热至40℃,搅拌,混合完全,降温至室温,得到保藏剂;
取丰年虫无节幼体8464g,加入保藏剂中,冷冻,冷冻过程为4℃维持3小时,-10℃维持5小时,最终转入-18℃冷冻保藏,即得。
实施例2
取甘油50g,脱脂乳20g,海藻酸钠3.5g,加入1L海水中,热至60℃,搅拌,混合完全,降温至室温,得到保藏剂;
取丰年虫无节幼体10735g,加入保藏剂中,冷冻,冷冻过程为4℃维持3.5小时,-10℃维持5.5小时,最终转入-18℃冷冻保藏,即得。
实施例3
取甘油60g,脱脂乳25g,海藻酸钠4g,加入1L海水中,热至80℃,搅拌,混合完全,降温至室温,得到保藏剂;
取丰年虫无节幼体13068g,加入保藏剂中,冷冻,冷冻过程为4℃维持4小时,-10℃维持6小时,最终转入-18℃冷冻保藏,即得。
实施例4
取甘油45g,脱脂乳18g,海藻酸钠3g,加入1L海水中,热至50℃,搅拌,混合完全,降温至室温,得到保藏剂;
取丰年虫无节幼体9594g,加入保藏剂中,冷冻,冷冻过程为4℃维持3.5小时,-10℃维持5.5小时,最终转入-18℃冷冻保藏,即得。
实施例5
取甘油55g,脱脂乳22g,海藻酸钠4g,加入1L海水中,热至70℃,搅拌,混合完全,降温至室温,得到保藏剂;
取丰年虫无节幼体11891g,加入保藏剂中,冷冻,冷冻过程为4℃维持4小时,-10℃维持6小时,最终转入-18℃冷冻保藏,即得。
实施例6
取甘油600g,脱脂乳250g,海藻酸钠40g,加入1L海水中,热至80℃,搅拌,混合完全,降温至室温,得到保藏剂;
取丰年虫无节幼体130680g,加入保藏剂中,冷冻,冷冻过程为4℃维持4小时,-10℃维持6小时,最终转入-18℃冷冻保藏,即得。
对比例:取丰年虫无节幼体130680g,加入海水1L中,冷冻,冷冻过程为4℃维持4小时,-10℃维持6小时,最终转入-18℃冷冻保藏,即得。
试验方法:去上述不同方法冷冻保藏30天的丰年虫幼体。检测丰年虫无节幼体EPA及DHA含量检测方法及检测结果,检测结果见表2。
EPA及DHA检测方法
对不同试验组的无节幼体丰年虫进行取样(对比例取与实施例相同量无节幼体丰年虫),并将样品冷冻干燥(-80℃),再进行脂肪酸测定。用Bligh-Dyer法提取丰年虫总脂后,进行皂化、甲酯化,参照GB10219-88,通过Agilent7890A气相色谱仪对气相色谱进行测定,色谱的条件为:DB-WAX聚乙二醇气相毛细柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),10μL自动液体进样器(ALS),进样量为10μL,进样口温度250℃;恒压控制温度模式,柱头压力7.685psi,升温程序;保持温度为50℃2min,以10℃/min升至250℃,持续23min;检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),检测温度300℃,载气为N2,各检气体流量分别为:H2为40mL/min,空气为450mL/min,尾吹起N2为30mL/min。
表2.不同实施例EPA及DHA含量的检测结果
试验结论:上述试验表明,采用本发明保藏剂以及保藏方法,丰年虫无节幼体没有溶解,能够更好的用于虾等生物的摄食,并保障生物的营养。
本发明所述实施例包括但不限于上述。

Claims (7)

1.一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,其特征在于,该保藏剂原料包括甘油、脱脂乳和海藻酸钠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,其中保藏剂中甘油40-60重量份,脱脂乳15-25重量份,海藻酸钠3-4重量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,其中保藏剂中甘油50重量份,脱脂乳20重量份,海藻酸钠3.5重量份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,其特征在于保藏剂在保藏丰年虫无节幼体中的应用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,其特征在于丰年虫无节幼体的保藏方法为:
(1)取海水,加入甘油、脱脂乳和海藻酸钠,加热至40℃-80℃,搅拌,混合完全,降温至室温,得到保藏剂;
(2)取丰年虫无节幼体,加入保藏剂中,冷冻,即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,其中保藏方法中步骤(2)中丰年虫无节幼体与保藏剂的重量比为8-12:1。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种丰年虫无节幼体的保藏剂,其中保藏方法中步骤(2)中冷冻方法为:
4℃维持3-4小时,-10℃维持5-6小时,转入-18℃冷冻。
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