CN107994299A - Full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature and its application - Google Patents
Full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN107994299A CN107994299A CN201711287702.2A CN201711287702A CN107994299A CN 107994299 A CN107994299 A CN 107994299A CN 201711287702 A CN201711287702 A CN 201711287702A CN 107994299 A CN107994299 A CN 107994299A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature and its application, including the first battery pack and the second battery pack, two Buck Boost translation circuits being in parallel are connected in parallel in battery pack to be heated, the pwm signal that the Buck Boost translation circuits are differed set angle by two pairs of phase angles respectively controls, when first Buck Boost translation circuit heats the battery cell of the first battery pack, second Buck Boost translation circuit heats the battery cell of the first battery pack, realizes full-time heating battery pack.For the present invention in the case where that will not cause further infringement to battery pack, the crisscross parallel heating topology of proposition is remarkably improved firing rate and efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technical field of heating, adds more particularly to full-time crisscross parallel of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature
Hot topological circuit.
Background technology
Battery low-temperature heat be ensure power battery at low ambient temperatures efficiently, the necessary means of safe operation.At present, learn
Many heating means have been proposed in person, can be divided into two major classes of external heat and internal heating, different according to heat transfer medium, exterior
Heating means can be divided into the methods of gas, liquid, phase-change material and electric heating wire again.External heat method has heating slowly, no
The shortcomings such as uniformly, efficiency is low, volume is big, of high cost, reliability is low.Inside heating method refers to directly sharp in charge and discharge process
With the real part of the internal resistance of cell from heat production inside battery core, avoid the conduction of heat long range and be diffused into environment.Therefore, it is internal
Heating means have fast firing rate, homogeneous heating, efficient, cost is low, high reliability.Inside heating is divided into straight again
Banish electricity, DC charging and exchange heating means.Wherein, direct current fills, puts requirement harshness of the heating to battery, it is desirable to certain
In the range of SOC, and current amplitude cannot excessive and duration cannot be long, otherwise can produce Li dendrite in battery cathode, sternly
Ghost image rings battery life, or even causes internal short-circuit of battery.Therefore, DC heating method heat production rate is low, heating effect is poor.And hand over
Flow heating means and realize heating to battery by exchanging discharge and recharge to battery, avoid lasting change and the lithium of battery SOC
Separate out.Therefore, exchange heating means will not cause battery larger infringement, and not interfere with battery capacity, have heating speed
Spend the advantages that fast, efficient and uniformity is good.
As seen from the above analysis, the ultimate challenge of vehicle mounted dynamic battery heating is energy source.In general, energy source
Can be engine, generator, battery and external power supply.It is obvious that only mixed power electric car can utilize start
The heat and electricity of machine and generator heats battery, but firing rate is slower, less efficient.But, for electric automobile
For, only the energy of battery and external power supply can be used to heat battery.Exist in existing literature only using the outer of the energy content of battery
Portion's conduction heating and internal direct current heating means.Although external power supply is not required in both approaches, obtain relatively low cost and
Higher reliability, but both approaches still have the relatively low efficiency of heating surface, longer heating time and larger energy
The shortcomings of loss.As described above, internal communication heating means tool have great prospects for development because this method illustrate it is superior
Heating properties, i.e. firing rate are fast, efficient, uniformity is good and to battery not damaged.But existing exchange heating means
It is ac-excited usually produced by off-board charging/discharging apparatus, have the shortcomings that volume is big and heavy, be to exchange heating side
Method is applied to the major obstacle on electric automobile.Up to now, still neither one is small, efficient, reliability is high, is not required to
The vehicle-mounted exchange heater of additional power supply.
At low ambient temperatures, the charging-discharging performances of lithium-ion-power cell can drastically be deteriorated, and significantly reduce electronic vapour
The continual mileage of car, can also cause possible permanent damage to battery, reduce the available capacity and service life of battery.Therefore, tackle
Vehicle-mounted lithium-ion-power cell is preheated, and battery inner core is reached in the range of normal working temperature.
In existing battery heating means, inside heating method have firing rate is fast, uniform, efficient, cost is low,
Reliability height, easy the advantages that realizing.Wherein, internal heating has DC heating and exchanges heating means again.Wherein, DC heating pair
The requirement of battery is harsh, it is desirable in the range of certain SOC, and current amplitude cannot the excessive and duration cannot be long, it is no
Then Li dendrite can be produced in battery cathode, seriously affect battery life, or even cause internal short-circuit of battery.Provided in existing literature
Under low temperature environment DC charging with exchange battery electrode reaction mechanism schematic diagram under discharge and recharge.As shown in Fig. 1 (a), in direct current
Solid phase diffusion welding in charging process because of lithium in graphite cathode active material particle reduces, and causes what electrochemical reaction generated
Lithium cannot be accumulated to particle diffusion inside and in negative active core-shell material particle surface in time, that is, produce analysis lithium.As shown in Fig. 1 (b),
To battery load alternating current when, diffusion process of the lithium ion in electrode active material particles alternately, embedding and removing
Reaction alternately, will not produce analysis reason, therefore will not cause permanent damage to the capacity of battery.In short, exchange heating side
Method realizes heating to battery by exchanging discharge and recharge to battery, avoids the lasting change of battery SOC and the precipitation of lithium, will not
Larger infringement is caused to battery, and has the advantages that firing rate is fast, efficient and uniformity is good, is a great development
The heating means of prospect.
But the ac-excited electric current of existing exchange heating means is usually produced by off-board charging/discharging apparatus, its
Powered by power grid, have the shortcomings that volume is that exchange heating means are applied to major obstacle on electric automobile greatly and heavy.
So far, still efficient, small, reliability the is high vehicle-mounted exchange heater of neither one, particularly need not be external
Power supply.
In conclusion being applied to the problem on electric automobile for exchange heating means in the prior art, still lack effective
Solution.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides the full-time crisscross parallel heating of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature
Topological circuit, the present invention by introduce another therewith state complementation Buck-Boost conversion, can realize to power electric
The full-time heating in pond, obtains the firing rate and efficiency of higher on the premise of further injury will not be caused to battery.
Full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature, including the first battery pack and the second battery
Group, two Buck-Boost translation circuits being in parallel are connected in parallel in battery pack to be heated, the Buck-Boost conversion electricity
The pwm signal that road is differed set angle by two pairs of phase angles respectively controls, when first Buck-Boost translation circuit is to the first electricity
During the battery cell heating of pond group, second Buck-Boost translation circuit heats the battery cell of the second battery pack, realizes
Full-time heating battery pack.
Further, the Buck-Boost translation circuits are differed 180 ° of pwm signal control by two pairs of phase angles respectively, are accounted for
Sky is than being 50%.
Further, first battery pack and the second battery pack are to be divided into equal two groups of quantity.
Further, first battery pack and the second battery pack are to be divided into varying numbers two groups.
Further, described two Buck-Boost translation circuit structures for being in parallel are identical, respectively including first switch
Pipe, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube, the first switch pipe and the 3rd switching tube respectively with the first battery
Group is in parallel, and the second switch pipe and the 4th switching tube are in parallel with the second battery pack respectively, and above-mentioned parallel circuit is connected to one
On inductance.
Further, the first switch pipe, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are that MOSFET is opened
Guan Guan.
Full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature, including：
In a PWM cycle, there are four stable operation modes：
Operation mode one：First switch pipe turns on, the shut-off of second switch pipe, the conducting of the 4th switching tube, and the 3rd switching tube closes
It is disconnected；First inductance charges to the first battery pack, and the first inductive current is begun to decline, and the second inductance charges to the second battery pack, the
Two inductive currents are begun to decline；
Operation mode two：First switch pipe is held on, and second switch pipe is held off, and the 4th switching tube is held on,
3rd switching tube is held off；When the first inductive current is reduced to 0, mode two starts；First battery pack transfers energy to
In one inductance, the first inductive current reversely rises, and the second battery pack is transferred energy in the second inductance, and the second inductive current is anti-
Ramp up；
Operation mode three：Second switch pipe turns on, and first switch pipe shut-off, energy is delivered to the second battery from the first inductance
Group；3rd switching tube turns on, and the 4th switching tube shut-off, the second inductance of energy is delivered to the first battery pack；
Operation mode four：Second switch pipe is held on, and first switch pipe is held off, and the 3rd switching tube is held on,
4th switching tube is held off, and when inductive current is reduced to 0, mode four starts；Second battery pack gives the first induction charging, energy
It is stored in the first inductance, the first battery pack gives the second induction charging, and energy stores are in the second inductance.
Further, the invention also discloses above-mentioned full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature
Control system, including controller, the first switch pipe of the controller and two Buck-Boost translation circuits being in parallel,
Second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube are connected with the 4th switching tube, a pair of of pwm signal driving first switch pipe of controller output
With second switch pipe, the controller exports another pair pwm signal and drives the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube.
Further, the controller is by controlling first switch pipe, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube, the 4th switch
The switching frequency of pipe, you can its firing rate of on-line tuning.
Further, above-mentioned full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature is applied to electric automobile
On.
Further, the vehicle mounted dynamic battery is lithium ion, ni-mh or lead-acid power accumulator.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the present invention is small, cost is low.For basic heating topology, two switch mosfets and an inductance are only needed
Achieve that the heating to whole battery pack.
2nd, present invention control is simple.The pwm signal driving switch mosfet of a pair of of state complementation is only needed, without extra electricity
Pressure, current detection circuit.
3rd, heater proposed by the present invention is not required to any external power supply or device just can be heated to zero by the battery under low temperature
More than degree, it is easily applied on electric automobile.
4th, the switching frequency of the invention by controlling heater, you can on-line tuning firing rate, is suitable for different rings
Border temperature and application scenario.
5th, the present invention is due to the advantages that small, control is simple, and the heater of proposition is easily integrated into battery pack, in nothing
On the premise of battery structure or electrolyte need to be changed, battery pack Effec-tive Function in total temperature and full voltage range can be helped.
6th, exchange heater proposed by the present invention is suitable for various power batteries, such as lithium ion, ni-mh or plumbic acid power
Battery.
7th, for the present invention in the case where that will not cause further infringement to battery pack, the crisscross parallel heating topology of proposition can
Significantly improve firing rate and efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
The accompanying drawings which form a part of this application are used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation are used to explain the application, do not form the improper restriction to the application.
Fig. 1 (a) is the battery electrode reaction mechanism schematic diagram of DC charging load mode under low temperature environment；
Fig. 1 (b) is the battery electrode reaction mechanism schematic diagram of ac-excited load mode under low temperature environment；
Fig. 2 (a) present invention based on basic heating topological circuit figure；
The improved heating topological circuit figure of Fig. 2 present invention；
Operation modes one of the Fig. 3 (a) for the primary calorifier of two batteries monomers；
Operation modes two of the Fig. 3 (b) for the primary calorifier of two batteries monomers；
Operation modes three of the Fig. 3 (c) for the primary calorifier of two batteries monomers；
Operation modes four of the Fig. 3 (d) for the primary calorifier of two batteries monomers；
The key waveforms for the exchange heater that Fig. 4 is proposed；
Fig. 5 is directed to the Heating Experiment prototype of two batteries monomers；
Relation between Fig. 6 (a) internal resistances of cell and temperature；
Relation between Fig. 6 (b) efficiencies of heating surface and temperature；
The 833Hz experimental waveforms of Fig. 7 (a) primary calorifiers；
The 500Hz experimental waveforms of Fig. 7 (b) primary calorifiers；
The efficiency eta of Fig. 8 One Buck-Boost converter bodiesc；
Primary calorifier temperature rising curve when Fig. 9 (a) switching frequencies are 833Hz；
The battery surface Temperature Distribution before primary calorifier heating when Fig. 9 (b) switching frequencies are 833Hz；
The battery surface Temperature Distribution after primary calorifier heating when Fig. 9 (c) switching frequencies are 833Hz；
The temperature rising curve of the topological two batteries monomers of crisscross parallel heating when Figure 10 (a) switching frequencies are 833Hz；
The battery surface Temperature Distribution before crisscross parallel heating topology heating when Figure 10 (b) switching frequencies are 833Hz；
The battery surface Temperature Distribution after crisscross parallel heating topology heating when Figure 10 (c) switching frequencies are 833Hz.
Embodiment
It is noted that described further below is all illustrative, it is intended to provides further instruction to the application.It is unless another
Indicate, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
As background technology is introduced, the difficulty that exchange heating means are applied on electric automobile exists in the prior art
Topic, in order to solve technical problem as above, present applicant proposes vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature to exchange heating basic topology circuit.
Power battery is capable of providing enough energy to realize conducting self-heating in the case of any external power supply is not required, and exchanges heating side
Method can be applied on vehicle mounted dynamic battery.
In a kind of typical embodiment of the application, heated to obtain to divide upper and lower half while battery cell,
And improve the efficiency of heating surface and speed, it is proposed that the crisscross parallel topology of full-time heating.As shown in Fig. 2, two Buck-
Boost conversion is connected in parallel, and is differed 180 ° of pwm signal by two pairs of phase angles respectively and is controlled, duty cycle 50%.Add when first
When hot device heats top half battery cell, second heater heats the latter half battery cell, and vice versa.Cause
This, which being capable of full-time heating battery pack.Effective heated current is improved under identical current amplitude.Cause
This, this full-time heating topology obtains higher firing rate and efficiency, and battery pack will not be caused further to injure.
The vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature exchange heating basic topology circuit that the application proposes have that small, cost is low plus
Thermal velocity is fast, efficient, control is simple, uniformity is good, high reliability, particularly, passes through On-line Control switching frequency
Firing rate can be adjusted, meets the needs of different application.In the case where not improving battery structure and electrolyte, proposition adds
Hot device can help power battery to realize total temperature and full voltage range work, the continual mileage to improving electric automobile under low temperature
It is of great significance.
Vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature exchange heating basic topology circuit is handed over for a kind of battery based on Buck-Boost conversion
Heater is flowed, is the simple application for exchanging heating strategy on electric automobile., should in the case where any additional power supply is not required
Heater can realize the exchange discharge and recharge to power battery, by the ohmic loss I of battery2RBBattery is added from inside to outside
Heat.
As shown in Fig. 2 (a), topological structure is heated substantially, battery pack is divided into two parts, it is only necessary to a Buck-Boost
Conversion, and any external power supply is not required.For the basic topology due to only needing less device, biggest advantage is volume
It is small, cost is low, but can only utilize half time heating battery pack.When being heated to top half battery cell, the latter half
Battery cell is in static condition；And when being heated to the latter half battery cell, top half battery cell is in static condition.
Therefore, the firing rate of this method is slower, less efficient.
In order to simplify to operational modal analysis, with two batteries monomer B1And B2Exemplified by basic heating topology is analyzed.
As shown in Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (d), battery cell can be equivalent to a voltage source VOCWith an ohmic internal resistance RBSeries circuit, its
Terminal voltage is denoted as VB.The heater of proposition is controlled by the pwm signal of a pair of of state complementation, i.e. and PWM+ and PWM-, in a cycle
Inside there are four stable operation modes.This four operation modes alternately switch, and can automatically generate one between two battery cells
A alternating current.Fig. 3 (a) -3 (d) and Fig. 4 sets forth the operation principle and theoretical waveform of the primary calorifier of proposition.
Assuming that each battery cell has identical terminal voltage and ohmic internal resistance, i.e.,
VB=VB1=VB2, (0.1)
RB=RB1=RB2. (0.2)
In formula：VB1And VB2Respectively battery cell B1And B2Terminal voltage.RB1And RB2Respectively battery cell B1And B2's
Ohmic internal resistance.MOSFET has identical ON resistance, i.e.,
RDS(on)=RDS(on),Q1=RDS(on),Q2. (0.3)
In formula：RDS(on),Q1And RDS(on),Q2Respectively switch mosfet Q1And Q2ON resistance.Fig. 2 equivalent resistances R1
For inductance L1The sum of with the equivalent resistance of a switch mosfet, it is represented by
R1=RL1+RDS(on), (0.4)
In formula：RL1For inductance L1Equivalent resistance.
One [t of operation mode0-t1, Fig. 3 (a)]：In t0Moment, Q1Conducting, Q2Shut-off.Inductance L1Give battery cell B1Charging,
Inductive current iLBegin to decline.Q4Conducting, Q3Shut-off.Inductance L2Give battery cell B2Charging, inductive current iLBegin to decline.
Based on Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) (KCL), inductive current iLIt can be derived as
In formula：VB1For battery cell B1Voltage.
In t1Moment, inductive current iLIt is reduced to 0.By solving (0.5), the duration t of mode one1-t0It can be calculated as
Based on formula (0.5) and (0.6), battery cell B1Internal resistance consumption during mode one energy can approximate representation be
Similarly, equivalent resistance R1During mode one energy of consumption can approximate representation be
In t0At the moment, be stored in inductance L1In ceiling capacity can be expressed as
Two [t of operation mode1-t2, Fig. 3 (b)]：Q1It is held on, Q2It is held off.Q4It is held on, Q3It is held off, when
Inductive current iLIn t1When being reduced to 0, mode two starts.Battery cell B1Transfer energy to inductance L1In, battery cell B2By energy
Amount is delivered to inductance L2In, inductive current reversely rises.During the mode, inductive current iLIt is represented by
Similar operation mode one, battery cell B1Internal resistance RB1The energy consumed can approximate representation be
Equivalent resistance R1The energy that mode two is consumed can approximate representation be
Therefore, based on formula (0.7) and (0.11), it is contemplated that R1It is smaller, the B in a switch periods1Ohmic internal resistance RB1
The gross energy consumed can approximation be expressed as
As can be seen from the above equation, B1Firing rate be proportional to the amplitude i of alternating currentL(t0) and iL(t2) and ohm in
Hinder RB1。
In t2At the moment, be stored in inductance L1In ceiling capacity can be expressed as
Three [t of operation mode2-t3, Fig. 3 (c)]：In t2Moment, Q2Conducting, Q1Shut-off.Q3Conducting, Q4Shut-off.Such as Fig. 3 (c),
Inductance L1With battery cell B2Parallel connection, energy is from L1It is delivered to B2.Inductance L2With battery cell B1Parallel connection, energy is from L2It is delivered to B1,
Inductive current iLRise, be represented by
In operation mode three, battery cell B2Ohmic internal resistance RB2And R1The energy consumed approximation can be expressed as respectively
Four [t of operation mode3-t4, Fig. 3 (d)]：Q2It is held on, Q1It is held off.Q3It is held on, Q4It is held off.When
Inductive current iLIn t3When being reduced to 0, mode four starts.As shown in Fig. 3 (d), battery cell B2Give inductance L1Charging, energy stores
In inductance L1In.Battery cell B1Give inductance L2Charging, energy stores are in inductance L2In.Based on KCL, inductive current iLIt can be expressed as
In operation mode four, battery cell B2Ohmic internal resistance RB2And R1The energy consumed approximation can be expressed as respectively
According to formula (0.16) and (0.19), in a switch periods, B2Ohmic internal resistance RB2The gross energy consumed can
Approximate representation is
Similarly, B2Firing rate be proportional to the amplitude i of alternating currentL(t2) and iL(t4) and ohmic internal resistance RB2。
In t4At the moment, be stored in inductance L1In ceiling capacity be represented by
As seen from the above analysis, mode one and mode two are obtained to battery cell B1Exchange discharge and recharge.Mode
Three and mode four obtain to battery cell B2Exchange discharge and recharge.Also, during mode two and mode three, energy is from battery
Monomer B1It is delivered to B2.During mode four and mode one, energy is from battery cell B2It is delivered to B1.Thus it is ensured that two electricity
The balance of pond monomer energy.
In view of VB1=VB2, in order to obtain the balance under stable state between two battery cells, duty cycle should be arranged to D
=50%.
The transfer efficiency of One Buck-Boost converter body can be by calculating the output energy of a certain battery cell in a cycle
It is calculated with input energy.Therefore, based on (0.8), (0.9), (0.12) and (0.14) and considers R1It is smaller, B1Turn
Change efficiency can approximate calculation be
In formula：PSlossFor switching loss, can be calculated by the manual testing of MOSFET.Similarly, we can obtain
B2Transfer efficiency.T is switch periods.According to (0.23), it can be seen that transfer efficiency and equivalent resistance R1, alternating current amplitude
It is related with switching loss.R1Smaller, transfer efficiency is higher.Therefore, should select the devices such as MOSFET, the inductance of low equivalent resistance with
Improve the transfer efficiency of heater.At low frequency, switching loss is smaller, but ohmic loss is larger.In view of iL(t0)≈|iL
(t2) |, (0.23) can be further simplified as
It can be seen that switching frequency is lower, alternating current amplitude is bigger, and transfer efficiency is lower.In high frequency, although ohm
Loss is smaller, but switching loss is larger, also results in relatively low transfer efficiency.This shows that there are an optimal switch frequency
Rate causes transfer efficiency highest.
B1And B2The efficiency of heating surface can by calculate battery heating consumption energy and converter consume energy obtain,
It can be expressed as respectively
From formula (0.25) as can be seen that internal resistance of cell RBIt is bigger, equivalent resistance R1Smaller, the efficiency of heating surface is higher, it is meant that
More energy are heated for battery.
Balanced purpose is that energy is delivered to the relatively low battery cell of voltage from voltage higher battery cell.Therefore,
Equalization efficiency can be expressed as
In formula：PNlossTo work as VB1=VB2Inherent loss during without equilibrium.As can be seen that when equal power is larger, PNloss
It can be ignored, formula (0.26) can simplify
In this case, equalization efficiency is inversely proportional to the voltage difference between two battery cells.When equal power is smaller, Gu
Lossy PNlossOccupy larger proportion, cause relatively low equalization efficiency.Therefore, equalization efficiency can be first with the increase of equal power
Decline after rising.
The operation principle of crisscross parallel heater is somewhat more complex.Two converter is respectively by the complementation of a pair of of state
Pwm signal controls, and the phase of these two pair pwm signal differs 180 °, its duty cycle is 50%.Especially, Q is switched1And Q4Half
Simultaneously turned in a cycle, and switch Q1And Q4Simultaneously turned in another half period.Therefore, when the battery cell quilt on top
When first/second converter heats, the battery cell of lower part is heated by the second/the first battery cell at the same time.Therefore, can be real
Now to being heated while all battery cells, higher firing rate is obtained.
Experimental result and analysis
As shown in figure 5, establish the experimental prototype of two batteries monomers.Experimental subjects is respectively the ternary electricity of 2500-mAh
Pond and the ferric phosphate lithium cell of 1100-mAh.Switch Q1-Q2STP220N6F7MOSFET is used respectively, its ON resistance is 2.4m
Ω.Inductance is about 102.8 μ H, its equivalent resistance is about 23m Ω.Fig. 6 (a) gives ternary battery and passes through 2C at different temperatures
Discharge the ohmic internal resistance measured.It can be seen that temperature is lower, ohmic internal resistance is bigger.According to formula (6.25), Fig. 6 (b) further gives
The efficiency of heating surface under different temperatures is gone out, wherein the average efficiency of heating surface from -30 DEG C to 0 DEG C is 92.2%.Put before battery heating
When constant temperature 3 is small in incubator.When battery temperature reaches zero degree or heating time surpasses after an hour, heating process terminates.
Fig. 7 (a)-Fig. 7 (b) sets forth the reality of the basic heating topology in the case where switching frequency is 833.3Hz and 500Hz
Test waveform.As can be seen that due under low temperature the internal resistance of cell it is larger, exchange heated current be not standard triangular wave.Such as Fig. 7
(a) shown in, under the switching frequency of 833.3Hz, the amplitude that exchanges heated current is 7.8A, i.e. 3.1C, virtual value 4.7A, i.e.,
1.9C.As shown in Fig. 7 (b), when switching frequency is reduced to 500Hz, exchanging the amplitude of heated current increases to 10.4A, i.e. 4.2C,
Virtual value is 6.7A, i.e. 2.7C.The result shows that it is capable of the amplitude of on-line control exchange heated current by controlling switch frequency,
And then adjust firing rate.In theory, switching frequency is lower, and alternating current amplitude is bigger, and firing rate is faster.
Fig. 8 gives the relation between transfer efficiency and switching frequency.Due to the decline of ohmic loss, when switching frequency from
When 200Hz increases to 7kHz, transfer efficiency increases to 92.2% from 65.2%.But when switching frequency increases to from 7kHz
During 50kHz, due to the increase of switching loss, transfer efficiency drops to 48.2% from 92.2%.As can be seen that theoretical conversion efficiencies
Curve is more consistent with measurement efficiency.Less difference is due to inductive current at low frequency between measurement efficiency and theoretical efficiency
Caused by indicial response.
In order to verify the validity of the heater of proposition, Fig. 9 (a)-Fig. 9 (c) is given at p- 20 DEG C of primary calorifier
The heating result of two section ternary batteries.Switching frequency is arranged to 833Hz, and alternating current amplitude is 7.8A, i.e. 3.1C.Such as Fig. 9 (a)
Shown, battery cell was just heated to 0 DEG C from -20 DEG C by primary calorifier in 13 minutes.Average heating rate is 1.54 DEG C/minute
Clock, consumes about 7.1% energy content of battery.As shown in Fig. 9 (b) and (c), latter two battery cell surface is heated with almost one
The Temperature Distribution of cause, the maximum temperature difference of two battery cells only have 0.3 DEG C, and the heater for showing to propose has preferable heating
Uniformity.
Figure 10 (a)-Figure 10 (c) gives the heating result of two section ternary batteries of p- 20 DEG C of crisscross parallel heating topology.
The heating of contrast and Fig. 9 (a)-Fig. 9 (c) basic heating topologys provided is as a result, due to heating between full-time to battery, during heating
Between only 5.9 minutes, shorten 54.6%, energy loss is reduced to 5%, and average heating rate is up to 3.4 DEG C/min.
Any external heating device is not required in the problem of for power battery poor performance at low temperatures, the topological circuit for applying proposing
And power supply, it disclosure satisfy that the requirement of electric automobile performance, reliability, volume and cost.The feelings of any external power supply are being not required
Battery is capable of providing enough energy to realize conducting self-heating under condition.
Vehicle-mounted heater proposed by the present invention can realize quick, the efficient and consistent heating to lithium battery, and have
There is stronger robustness.For identical inductance, firing rate can be significantly improved by reducing switching frequency.For identical friendship
Current amplitude is flowed, firing rate can be improved by improving switching frequency.SOC and the difference of internal resistance can cause one between battery cell
Larger heating-up temperature is poor.Therefore, should try one's best the uniformity ensured between battery cell before heating.
Crisscross parallel heater can realize the full-time heating to battery, and battery will not caused further to damage
On the premise of obtain higher firing rate and efficiency.The heater of proposition can in the case of without any change or restructuring
Be applied to it is other kinds of can charge-discharge battery.
In short, in the case where not changing battery structure and electrolyte, the heater of proposition can ensure lithium ion battery
The efficient, trouble free service in total temperature and full voltage range, has weight to the continual mileage for improving electric automobile under high and cold weather
Want meaning.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the application, the application is not limited to, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. full-time crisscross parallel of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature heating topological circuit, it is characterized in that, including the first battery pack and the
Two battery packs, two Buck-Boost translation circuits being in parallel are connected in parallel in battery pack to be heated, the Buck-Boost
The pwm signal that translation circuit is differed set angle by two pairs of phase angles respectively controls, when first Buck-Boost translation circuit pair
During the battery cell heating of the first battery pack, second Buck-Boost translation circuit adds the battery cell of the second battery pack
Heat, realizes full-time heating battery pack.
2. full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, institute
State Buck-Boost translation circuits and differ 180 by two pairs of phase angles respectively°Pwm signal control, duty cycle 50%.
3. full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, institute
State the first battery pack and the second battery pack is to be divided into equal two groups of quantity.
4. full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, institute
It is to be divided into varying numbers two groups to state the first battery pack and the second battery pack.
5. full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, institute
It is identical to state two Buck-Boost being in parallel translation circuit structures, is opened respectively including first switch pipe, second switch pipe, the 3rd
Pipe and the 4th switching tube are closed, the first switch pipe and the 3rd switching tube are in parallel with the first battery pack respectively, the second switch
Pipe and the 4th switching tube are in parallel with the second battery pack respectively, and above-mentioned parallel circuit is connected on an inductance.
6. full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, institute
It is switch mosfet pipe to state first switch pipe, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube.
7. full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, bag
Include：Including：
In a PWM cycle, there are four stable operation modes：
Operation mode one：First switch pipe turns on, the shut-off of second switch pipe, the conducting of the 4th switching tube, the shut-off of the 3rd switching tube；The
One inductance charges to the first battery pack, and the first inductive current is begun to decline, and the second inductance charges to the second battery pack, the second inductance
Electric current is begun to decline；
Operation mode two：First switch pipe is held on, and second switch pipe is held off, and the 4th switching tube is held on, and the 3rd
Switching tube is held off；When the first inductive current is reduced to 0, mode two starts；First battery pack transfers energy to the first electricity
In sense, the first inductive current reversely rises, and the second battery pack is transferred energy in the second inductance, on the second inductive current is reverse
Rise；
Operation mode three：Second switch pipe turns on, and first switch pipe shut-off, energy is delivered to the second battery pack from the first inductance；
3rd switching tube turns on, and the 4th switching tube shut-off, the second inductance of energy is delivered to the first battery pack；
Operation mode four：Second switch pipe is held on, and first switch pipe is held off, and the 3rd switching tube is held on, and the 4th
Switching tube is held off, and when inductive current is reduced to 0, mode four starts；Second battery pack gives the first induction charging, energy stores
In the first inductance, the first battery pack gives the second induction charging, and energy stores are in the second inductance.
8. the control system of full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature, including controller, the control
The first switch pipe of device processed and two Buck-Boost translation circuits being in parallel, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th
Switching tube is connected, a pair of of pwm signal driving first switch pipe of controller output and second switch pipe, the controller output
Another pair pwm signal drives the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube.
9. the control system of full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature as claimed in claim 8,
The controller is by controlling the switching frequency of first switch pipe, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube, the 4th switching tube, you can
Its firing rate of on-line tuning.
10. the application of full-time crisscross parallel heating topological circuit of vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature, it is characterized in that, the claims
Any vehicle mounted dynamic battery low temperature exchange heating basic topology circuits of 1-7 are applied on electric automobile.
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| CN112186305A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-05 | 西安交通大学 | Low-temperature battery hybrid self-heating device and self-heating method based on same |
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| CN110803069A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-18 | 上海交通大学 | Battery double-circuit power supply resonant type alternating current heating system, control method and battery system |
| CN110803069B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-02 | 上海交通大学 | Control method of battery double-circuit power supply resonant alternating current heating system |
| EP4044320A1 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2022-08-17 | Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. | Battery heating system, electric vehicle and vehicle-mounted system |
| EP4044320A4 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2023-02-15 | Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. | Battery heating system, electric vehicle and vehicle-mounted system |
| CN112186305A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-05 | 西安交通大学 | Low-temperature battery hybrid self-heating device and self-heating method based on same |
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| CN112994142B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-09-01 | 山东大学 | Battery equalization-alternating current heating integrated topology and control method |
| CN112994142A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-18 | 山东大学 | Battery equalization-alternating current heating integrated topology and control method |
| CN113346164B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-05-31 | 山东大学 | Intelligent flexible preheating method and system for power battery of electric automobile in cold region |
| CN113346164A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-03 | 山东大学 | Intelligent flexible preheating method and system for power battery of electric automobile in cold region |
| CN113506934A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-10-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Lithium battery heating system and heating method |
| CN113506934B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-09-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Lithium battery heating system and heating method |
| WO2023110725A1 (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-06-22 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Method and apparatus to operate a battery unit |
| WO2023207495A1 (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-11-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery self-heating device and method, and vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20180504 |