CN107991242B - Method and system for measuring polarization state of sample based on polarization splitting prism - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring polarization state of sample based on polarization splitting prism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for measuring the polarization state of a sample based on a polarization beam splitter prism. And rotating the polarization beam splitter prism to divide the reference beam into two beams of linearly polarized light with basically equal light intensity and orthogonal polarization directions after passing through the polarization beam splitter prism. After the reference beam and the object beam pass through the polarization beam splitter prism, two interference patterns with orthogonal polarization states are formed. Two holograms were recorded with a camera. And (3) enabling the positions of the samples in the two holograms to be completely consistent and the pixel points to correspond by using a computer, further performing numerical reconstruction to finally obtain amplitude and phase information corresponding to an object light wave field, and processing by using the computer to obtain polarization state information of the samples. Compared with the use of a traditional Mueller microscope, the influence of the environment on multiple times of collection is avoided, and the stability and the real-time measurement capability of the system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optics, in particular to the technical field of digital holography.
Background
Digital holography is widely used in the fields of flow field measurement, deformation measurement, morphology analysis, microscopic imaging and the like due to the advantages of rapidness, real-time performance, non-destructive performance, non-invasive performance, full-field measurement and the like. However, the commonly used digital holography can only obtain the amplitude and phase information of the light field to be measured, and the polarization state information carried by the object is one of the most important properties. The Mueller microscope applied to biology at present can measure a Mueller matrix of biological tissues, but the polarization state of incident light needs to be adjusted for many times, and multiple groups of intensity information are recorded to solve the polarization information of the biological tissues, so that the process is very complicated and the precision is limited. In the geometric phase theory, the polarization state information and the phase information of the light wave are combined together, and the polarization state information of the sample can be conveniently calculated and obtained by measuring the phase of the sample by using digital holography.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method and a system for measuring the polarization state of a sample based on a polarization splitting prism.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for measuring the polarization state of a sample based on a polarization splitting prism is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and 4, calculating the Stokes parameters of any point on each object light wave field according to the amplitude and phase distribution of the object light wave field reconstructed by the numerical value according to the correlation theorem of the geometric phase.
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
a. adjusting an optical element to obtain two beams of polarized light beams with known polarization states after beam expansion and collimation, and ensuring that the intensity difference of the two beams of light is small;
b. one beam of light is modulated by a sample, the amplitude, the phase and the polarization state of the light are changed to be used as an object beam, the other beam of light is used as a reference beam, and the two beams of light are converged and then incident to a polarization beam splitter prism;
c. adjusting the direction of a polarization beam splitter prism to divide a reference light beam into two beams of linearly polarized light with basically equal light intensity and orthogonal polarization directions after passing through the polarization beam splitter prism, wherein the polarization direction of the reference light and an incident plane form an included angle of 45 degrees for the linearly polarized reference light beam, and the direction of a main optical axis of the polarization beam splitter prism can be randomly selected for a circularly polarized reference light beam;
d. after the reference beam and the object beam pass through the polarization beam splitter prism, two interference patterns with orthogonal polarization states are respectively formed in two orthogonal directions of the polarization beam splitter prism, and a first camera and a second camera are placed at positions which are equal to the polarization beam splitter prism and are respectively recorded on a picture.
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
a. the positions of the samples in the two holograms are completely consistent, and the pixel points correspond to each other;
b. respectively carrying out numerical reconstruction on the two digital holograms by using a numerical reconstruction algorithm commonly used in the digital holography, carrying out unwrapping treatment on the phases, and respectively obtaining the complex amplitude distribution E corresponding to the object light after the object light passes through the sample by the two holograms1、E2，
Where β is the exposure parameter of the image-capturing device, IO1And IO2Object light intensity, I, recorded by camera one and camera two respectively under the condition of shielding reference lightR1And IR2The reference light intensities recorded by the first camera and the second camera under the condition of shielding object light are respectively.
The step 4 comprises the following steps:
a. the complex amplitude obtained in step 3 is calculated as follows,
here χ and ψ denote an azimuth angle and a polar angle, respectively, when the polarization state of a certain point on the sample is expressed by poincare sphere;
b. root of herbaceous plantObtaining a normalized Stokes parameter from the following formula according to the relationship between the Poincare sphere and the Stokes parameter,
to this end, stokes parameters characterizing the polarization state of any point on the sample are obtained.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the device comprises a laser, a beam expanding collimation device, a polaroid, a sample, a reflector, a first unpolarized beam splitter prism, a second unpolarized beam splitter prism, a polarized beam splitter prism, a first camera, a second camera and a computer, wherein light emitted by the laser is collimated by the collimation device and then is split into two beams by the unpolarized beam splitter prism, one beam of light passes through the sample or is reflected by the sample to carry sample information as an object beam, the other beam of light is used as a reference beam, the two beams of light are converged by the second unpolarized beam splitter prism after being reflected by the reflector, the polarized beam splitter prism is rotated to enable the reference beam to be split into two beams of light with basically equal light intensity after passing through the polarized beam splitter prism, linearly polarized light with orthogonal polarization directions is formed, two interference patterns with orthogonal polarization states are formed after the reference beam and the object beam pass through the polarized beam splitter prism, and the two holograms are recorded by the first camera and the second camera, and the computer makes the positions of the samples in the two holograms completely consistent, the pixel points correspond to each other, numerical reconstruction is further carried out, finally amplitude and phase information corresponding to the object light wave field are obtained, and the polarization state information of the samples is obtained through computer processing.
Advantageous effects
The invention overcomes the defect that the traditional Mueller microscope needs to measure for multiple times to calculate and obtain the polarization state information of the sample, simultaneously records two orthogonal holograms of the polarization states by two cameras, calculates and obtains the polarization state information of the sample by combining the geometric phase principle, improves the real-time measurement capability of the system, and has important significance for measuring the polarization state of the rapidly-changed sample.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic optical path for measuring polarization state information of a sample using a polarization splitting prism;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a transmission sample polarization state information measurement system using a polarization beam splitter prism;
FIG. 3 is a reflective sample polarization state information measurement system using a polarizing beam splitter prism;
in fig. 1: 1-object beam with known polarization state, 2-reference beam with known polarization state, 3-sample, 4-non-polarization beam splitter prism, 5-polarization beam splitter prism, 6-camera I, and 7-camera II.
In fig. 2: the system comprises a 1-laser, a 2-lens group, a 3-polaroid, a 4-unpolarized beam splitter prism I, a 5-reflector I, a 6-transmission sample, a 7-reflector II, an 8-unpolarized beam splitter prism II, a 9-polarized beam splitter prism, a 10-camera I and a 11-camera II.
In fig. 3: the device comprises a 1-laser, a 2-lens group, a 3-polaroid, a 4-unpolarized beam splitter prism I, a 5-unpolarized beam splitter prism II, a 7-reflector, an 8-unpolarized beam splitter prism III, a 9-polarized beam splitter prism, a 10-camera I, an 11-camera II and a 12-reflection type sample.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
example 1: the invention designs a transmission type sample polarization state information measuring system based on a polarization beam splitter prism, which is shown in figure 2, and the working flow is as follows:
the light emitted by the laser 1 is collimated into a beam of parallel light through the lens group 2, the parallel light is modulated through the polaroid 3 and enters the first unpolarized beam splitter prism 4, the parallel light is split into two beams of parallel light through the first unpolarized beam splitter prism 4, one beam of light is reflected by the first reflecting mirror 5 and then is modulated through the transmission sample 6 to serve as an object beam and enters the second unpolarized beam splitter prism 8, the other beam of light is reflected by the second reflecting mirror 7 and then enters the second unpolarized beam splitter prism 8 as a reference beam, the reference beam and the object beam enter the polarized beam splitter prism simultaneously through the second unpolarized beam splitter prism 8, an included angle between an optical axis of the polarized beam and a polarization direction of the reference beam is 45 degrees, and the reference beam and the object beam are. After being modulated by the sample, the polarization state of the incident beam can be changed, and then the object beam and the reference beam are respectively divided into two beams with orthogonal polarization statesThe light beams are respectively interfered to form two holograms, and the two holograms are respectively recorded by using a first camera 10 and a second camera 11. The computer makes the positions of the samples in the two holograms be completely consistent, the pixel points correspond to each other, the numerical reconstruction is carried out on the holograms by utilizing a digital holographic reconstruction algorithm, and the amplitude and phase information of the two holograms are respectively obtained as follows:
wherein beta is an exposure parameter of the image pickup device, IO1And IO2The object light intensity, I, recorded by the first camera 10 and the second camera 11 respectively under the condition of shielding the reference lightR1And IR2Respectively, the reference light intensities recorded by the first camera 10 and the second camera 11 in the case of the blocking object light. The following calculations were further performed:
here, χ and ψ represent an azimuth angle and a polar angle, respectively, when the polarization state of a certain point on the sample is represented by a poincare sphere, and azimuth angle and polar angle information of any point on the sample can be obtained, thereby calculating a stokes parameter normalized by the effluent light wave field:
example 2: the light path of the reflection type polarization measurement system based on the polarization beam splitter prism is shown in fig. 3, and the working flow is as follows:
the light emitted by the laser 1 is collimated into a beam of parallel light by the lens group 2, the polarization state is modulated by the polaroid 3, the beam is incident to the first non-polarization beam splitter prism 4, the beam is divided into two beams of parallel light by the first non-polarization beam splitter prism 4, one beam of light is reflected by the second non-polarization beam splitter prism 5 and then is reflected by the reflective sample 6 to be incident to the third non-polarization beam splitter prism 8 as an object beam, the other beam of light is reflected by the reflecting mirror 7 to be incident to the third non-polarization beam splitter prism 8 as a reference beam, the third non-polarization beam splitter prism 8 enables the reference beam and the object beam to be incident to the polarization beam splitter prism 9 at the same time (the included angle between the optical axis and the polarization direction of,after passing through the polarization beam splitter prism 9, the light beams are split into two groups of light beams. After modulation of the sample, the polarization state of the incident beam changes, and then the object beam and the reference beam are respectively divided into two beams with orthogonal polarization states, and are respectively interfered to form two holograms which are respectively recorded by a first camera 10 and a second camera 11. The computer makes the positions of the samples in the two holograms be completely consistent, the pixel points correspond to each other, the numerical reconstruction is carried out on the holograms by utilizing a digital holographic reconstruction algorithm, and the amplitude and phase information of the two holograms are respectively obtained as follows:
wherein beta is an exposure parameter of the image pickup device, IO1And IO2The object light intensity, I, recorded by the first camera 10 and the second camera 11 respectively under the condition of shielding the reference lightR1And IR2Respectively, the reference light intensities recorded by the first camera 10 and the second camera 11 in the case of the blocking object light. The following calculations were further performed:
here, χ and ψ represent an azimuth angle and a polar angle, respectively, when the polarization state of a certain point on the sample is represented by a poincare sphere, and azimuth angle and polar angle information of any point on the sample can be obtained, thereby calculating a stokes parameter normalized by the effluent light wave field:
Claims (6)
1. a method for measuring the polarization state of a sample based on a polarization splitting prism is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, adjusting a light path to enable an object beam carrying sample information to interfere with a reference beam and enable a holographic pattern with the same size and orthogonal polarization states to appear on a camera I and a camera II at the same time;
step 2, digitally recording the holograms on the two cameras at the same time, and recording the two holograms as the two holograms respectively
And
wherein I1And I2Indicates the intensity of the hologram, Ao1、Ao2、Ar1And Ar2Representing the amplitudes of the object light and the reference light after passing through the polarization splitting prism,
and
representing the phase difference of the object light and the reference light after passing through the polarization splitting prism;
step 3, according to a wave optics theory, numerically simulating a diffraction reconstruction process of the optical wave, and numerically reconstructing the hologram to obtain amplitude and phase distribution information of an object optical wave field;
step 4, calculating the Stokes parameters of any point on each object light wave field according to the correlation theorem of the geometric phase and the amplitude and phase distribution of the object light wave field reconstructed by the numerical value;
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
a. adjusting an optical element to obtain two beams of polarized light beams with known polarization states after beam expansion and collimation, and ensuring that the intensity difference of the two beams of light is small;
b. one beam of light is modulated by a sample, the amplitude, the phase and the polarization state of the light are changed to be used as an object beam, the other beam of light is used as a reference beam, and the two beams of light are converged and then incident to a polarization beam splitter prism;
c. adjusting the direction of a polarization beam splitter prism to divide a reference light beam into two beams of linearly polarized light with basically equal light intensity and orthogonal polarization directions after passing through the polarization beam splitter prism, wherein the polarization direction of the reference light and an incident plane form an included angle of 45 degrees for the linearly polarized reference light beam, and the direction of a main optical axis of the polarization beam splitter prism can be randomly selected for a circularly polarized reference light beam;
d. after the reference beam and the object beam pass through the polarization beam splitter prism, two interference patterns with orthogonal polarization states are respectively formed in two orthogonal directions of the polarization beam splitter prism, and a first camera and a second camera are placed at positions which are equal to the polarization beam splitter prism and are respectively recorded on a picture;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
a. the positions of the samples in the two holograms are completely consistent, and the pixel points correspond to each other;
b. respectively carrying out numerical reconstruction on the two digital holograms by using a numerical reconstruction algorithm commonly used in the digital holography, carrying out unwrapping treatment on the phases, and respectively obtaining the complex amplitude distribution E corresponding to the object light after the object light passes through the sample by the two holograms1、E2，
Where β is the exposure parameter of the image-capturing device, IO1And IO2Object light intensity, I, recorded by camera one and camera two respectively under the condition of shielding reference lightR1And IR2Reference light intensities recorded by the camera I and the camera II under the condition of shielding object light are respectively;
the step 4 comprises the following steps:
a. the complex amplitude obtained in step 3 is calculated as follows,
here χ and ψ denote an azimuth angle and a polar angle, respectively, when the polarization state of a certain point on the sample is expressed by poincare sphere;
b. obtaining a normalized Stokes parameter from the following formula according to the relationship between the Poincare sphere and the Stokes parameter,
to this end, stokes parameters characterizing the polarization state of any point on the sample are obtained.
2. A system for measuring the polarization state of a sample based on a polarization beam splitter prism comprises a laser, a beam expanding collimation device, a polaroid, a sample, a reflecting mirror, a first non-polarization beam splitter prism, a second non-polarization beam splitter prism, a first camera, a second camera and a computer, wherein light emitted by the laser is collimated by the collimation device and then is split into two beams by the non-polarization beam splitter prism, one beam of light passes through the sample or is reflected by the sample to carry sample information as an object beam, the other beam of light is used as a reference beam, the two beams of light are reflected by the reflecting mirror and then are converged by the second non-polarization beam splitter prism, the polarization beam splitter prism is rotated, so that the reference beam is split into two beams of polarized light with basically equal light intensity and orthogonal polarization directions after passing through the polarization beam splitter prism, the reference beam and the object beam pass through the polarization beam splitter prism, and forming two orthogonal interference patterns in polarization states, recording the two holograms by using the first camera and the second camera, enabling the positions of the samples in the two holograms to be completely consistent by the computer, enabling pixel points to correspond, further performing numerical reconstruction to finally obtain amplitude and phase information corresponding to an object light wave field, and processing the amplitude and phase information by the computer to obtain the polarization state information of the samples.
3. The system for measuring the polarization state of a sample based on a polarization splitting prism as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the collimating device is a lens set.
4. The system for measuring the polarization state of a sample based on a polarization splitting prism as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the non-polarization beam splitter prism is used for splitting the energy of the light into two parts.
5. The system for measuring the polarization state of a sample based on a polarization splitting prism as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the polarization beam splitter prism is used for generating two groups of holograms which are spatially separated, have orthogonal polarization directions and have a certain phase difference.
6. The system for measuring the polarization state of a sample based on a polarization splitting prism as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the camera is an image acquisition device such as a CCD or a CMOS.
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| CN108593114B (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2020-04-03 | 西北工业大学 | Method and light path for efficiently and synchronously measuring polarization state and phase of any light beam |
| CN109116708A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-01 | 许之敏 | A kind of dual wavelength reflective digital holographic microscope |
| CN112345078A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-09 | 衡阳市智谷科技发展有限公司 | Polarization measurement system based on light wave polarization state |
| CN112378517A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-19 | 衡阳市智谷科技发展有限公司 | Light wave polarization state measuring method based on digital holographic interference |
| CN113238076B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-12-06 | 西北工业大学 | Complex flow field measuring method based on deep learning |
| CN114965477B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-10-21 | 哈尔滨因极科技有限公司 | Full-automatic biological information analysis sampling system and method |
| CN117705305B (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-05-17 | 南京师范大学 | Light field multi-parameter dynamic detection method and compact system thereof |
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