CN107969121A - 一种低温可变形热塑料装置 - Google Patents

一种低温可变形热塑料装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107969121A
CN107969121A CN201680037971.0A CN201680037971A CN107969121A CN 107969121 A CN107969121 A CN 107969121A CN 201680037971 A CN201680037971 A CN 201680037971A CN 107969121 A CN107969121 A CN 107969121A
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layer
low temperature
thermoplastic
threshold
heat plastic
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亚历克西斯·罗伯特
彼埃尔路易斯·波伊尔
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Boyer Pierre Louis
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Boyer Pierre Louis
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    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
    • B29C51/421—Heating or cooling of preforms, specially adapted for thermoforming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/10—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种低温可变形热塑料装置（10），包括第一热塑料材料（40），该材料可以在温度低于第一阈值（T1）时保持足够坚硬，在温度高于第一阈值（T1）表现出一定的延展性，上述第一阈值在40°C到90°C之间。该装置也包括一个至少由一种柔性材料（42）制成的外壳，由热塑料材料（40）充满内腔，由柔性材料（42）制成的外壳保持为固态直到第二阈值（T2）比第一阈值（T1）高10°C，最好20°C。

Description

一种低温可变形热塑料装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可变形的装置，包括第一热塑料材料，该材料在温度低于第一阈值时足够坚硬，当温度高于第一阈值时则表现出延展性。
背景技术
在这种热塑料具有较低的熔点，或者玻璃转化温度，可以在加热时容易地软化并形成一种特定的形状，并且在冷却后保持该特定的形状。这种热塑料材料已经记录于文件CN101747598。
但是，当温度高于其熔点的时候，这种热塑料材料表现出一种粘性的机械性能，使得其难以处理。因此，这种材料的应用领域受到了限制。
发明内容
本发明着眼于解决该问题。
为此目的，本发明涉及一种前述类型的可变形装置，包括由至少一种柔性材料形成的外壳，该外壳界定内腔，第一材料填充内腔。由至少一种柔性材料制作的外壳处于固态直到第二阈值温度比第一阈值高10℃，最好20℃。
根据本发明的其它方面的优点，可变形装置，以单独或任何可能的技术组合的形式，具有以下特征中的一个或多个：
上述第一阈值在40℃到90℃之间；
第一热塑性材料由热塑性聚合物构成，优先选择，聚己内酯，聚乳酸和聚碳酸酯。
第一热塑性材料是导电和/或导热剂组成,优先选择，所述试剂由碳颗粒构成的；
第一热塑性材料由聚己酸内酯和炭黑组成，聚己内酯和炭黑的重量百分数优选高于或等于95％，炭黑的重量百分比优选在10％和23％之间，优选地，在15％和20％之间；
所述至少一种柔性材料为弹性体，优选硅酮；内壳填充有第一热塑性材料并具有第一层的形状，介于第二柔性材料形成的第二层和第三层之间；
第一层由多个由第二柔性材料制成的连接线交叉，所述连接形成第二和第三层的链接，所述连接优选均匀分布在第一层的表面上；
该装置还包括与第一热塑性塑料接触的电气装置，该装置能够通过焦耳效应将热量传递给第一热塑性材料。
而且，本发明包括上述类型的装置的制造工艺，其包括以下步骤：制造第一热塑性材料的第一层；然后制作第二柔性材料的第二层；然后将第一层定位在第二层上；然后在第一层和第二层上浇铸液态第二柔性材料以形成第三层，然后固化所述第二材料。
此外，本发明包括前述类型的装置的使用过程，包括以下步骤：所述第一热塑性材料的加热到它提升到一个温度在第一阈值和第二阈值之间；然后将设备塑造成特定的形状；然后冷却第一热塑性材料至低于第一温度的温度阈。
优选地，该装置包括如上所述的电气设备，第一热塑性材料由该电气设备驱动。
附图说明
本发明将通过下面的描述可以更好地理解，以下仅给出作为例子的参照附图。
图1是本发明的一种配置中处于第一配置的装置的俯视示意图。
图2是处于第一配置的图1所示装置的局部剖视图。
图3是处于另一种配置的图1所示装置的局部剖视图。
图1至3所示为本发明的一个配置的设备10。
在下面的描述中，我们考虑一个正交基(X，Y，Z)，Z方向是垂直方向。
在图1和图2中，装置10处于第一配置，沿平面(X，Y)。
装置10具有矩形轮廓，其中边缘12和14的分别平行于X和Y方向。
具体实施例
装置10包括界定内壳18的外壳16。內壳18优选闭合。在图1至3所示的配置中，内壳18形成第一层20，插入在外壳16的第二层22和第三层24之间。在图1和图2的第一配置中，编号为20,22,24的层基本上是平坦的沿着(X，Y)并沿着Z堆叠。
如图2所示，第一层20具有沿Z方向的厚度26，在1mm和5mm之间；编号22的第二层和编号24的第三层具有基本上相同的厚度28，在0.5mm和5mm之间。
优选地，沿着X和Y的编号为20第一层的尺寸小于编号为22的第二层和编号为24第三层。因此，在附近边缘12,14处，第二层22和第三层24彼此连续地接触，以闭合内壳18。优选地，外壳12包括沿着Z与第一层20交叉的多个连接件30，并连接第二层22和第三层24。
内壳18因此具有设置在连接件30之间的网状物。例如，根据图3的截面AA，远离连接30，层20连续地沿着X。然而，根据图2的截面BB，经由30个连接，第一层20沿着X不连续。
优选地，连接件30基本上相同，和/或均匀地分布在一个编号为20的第一层表面。如图1所示，连接件30在平面(X，Y)上的具有圆形截面，这些圆的中心位于平面的顶部等边三角形。
或者，连接件30具有，比如，椭圆形或多边形的截面。内壳18填充有形成第一层20的第一热塑性材料40。第一材料40在低于第一阈值T1的温度下基本为坚硬状态。高于第一阈值T1时，第一材料40是可延展的或为液体态。第一阈值T 1低于或等于第一玻璃化转变温度和/或第一材料40的任何熔化温度。优选地，第一阈值T1在40℃和90℃之间。
外壳12由至少一种第二材料42形成。在以下的说明中，假定外壳12仅由一种材料42形成，特别是编号为22的第二层和编号为24的第三层由同种材料42形成。然而，在替代方案配置中，编号为22的第二层和编号为24的第三层分别由两种不同的材料形成。这些材料具有下述物理性质。在室温下，比如在10℃和30℃之间，第二材料42是柔性的固体，优选弹性。第二材料42保持固态至少直到第二温度阈值T2比第一阈值T 1高10℃，优选20℃。
换言之，在温度在T1和T2之间的情况下，外壳12由柔性固体材料制成，并且在内壳14中包含可延展的或液体材料40。
优选地，第二柔性材料42是绝缘的，以防止用户受到电击。根据如图1至3所示的第一可选配置，第二柔性材料42是弹性体，特别是以单个整体形式，作为单件。弹性体特别是硅酮。根据未示出的第二构造，第二柔性材料42为泡沫，例如聚氨酯泡沫。泡沫的好处是，他们允许电动同时赋予装置轻质的绝缘，以及，与弹性体相比，可能更多的一致的变形。
根据未示出的第三可选配置，第二柔性材料42为包括，例如棉花和/或聚酯的纤维。
组织和织物具有类似于泡沫的优点，而且具有极小的紧凑性的特点。
制造外壳组织12,可以通过纺织工业的常用方法来完成，如缝纫。
组织和泡沫的肺泡的网眼的大小和分布中选择，以避免在可延展或液体状态的第一材料40的流出。
优选地，第一热塑性材料40的主要组分是热塑性聚合物。所述聚合物优选选自聚己内酯和聚乳酸。更优选地，热塑性聚合物是聚己内酯，其平均分子量在20000g.mol1和150000g.mol1之间。例如，聚己酸内酯的一个熔点约为60℃。或者，第一热塑性材料40的主要成分为聚碳酸酯，其熔化温度约为140℃。在这种情况下，第一阈值T1高于90℃。那么外壳12优选具有足够的厚度以保持表面温度,即使第一热塑性材料40处于可延展状态也允许其处理。
优选地，第一热塑性材料40包括电和/或热导电剂。更优选地，所述试剂包含或由碳颗粒制成，炭黑，石墨粉或碳纳米管。或者，所述药剂包含或是由金属颗粒如铜粉制成。
根据一种配置，第一热塑性材料40也包括填充物，或者添加剂如UV或氧化保护剂。
优选地，第一热塑性材料40包含聚己内酯和炭黑，聚己内酯与炭黑的总重量百分比高于或等于95％，相对于第一热塑性材料40的总重量。更优选地，炭黑的重量百分比在10％和23％之间，甚至更优选在15％和20％之间，相对于第一热塑性材料40的总重量。
根据优选的配置，如图1所示，设备10包括一个电气装置50，能够通过焦耳效应将热量传递给第一热塑性塑料材料40。电气装置50包括，例如，控制单元52和连接到所述控制单元52的两个电极54,56。根据该构造，第一热塑性塑料材料40被选择为导电的，其电阻率适于转换为加热通过它的期望量的电能。
优选地，每个电极54,56包括插入到第一层20中的导线58,60，与第一材料40接触。每根导线58,60由导电材料形成，优选金属。优选地，导线58,60沿着两条基本上平行的路径在第一层20中延伸。在图1的例子中，导线58,60基本上在装置10的两个边缘12之间沿着Y方向延伸。更优选地，两根线58,60沿着X方向的距离62在其整个长度上基本上是恒定的，为了在第一材料40中得到均匀的电阻和热扩散。
有利地，导线58,60定位成尽可能靠近平行于Y的边缘14，使得热量分布在装置10的较大的面积上。优选地，线58,60在第一层20中具有起伏路径，根据它们的的主要方向，以允许拉伸装置10。在图1的例子中，导线58,60围绕第二材料42的连接部30扭转。优选地，线58,60绕过连接30而不是通过它们。
优选地，每根导线58,60的第一端连接到控制单元52，第二端嵌入在第一层20中。
优选地，内壳18在两根线58,60之间具有基本恒定的面积。具体而言，第一层20在X方向上在两条线58,60之间具有基本恒定的面积部分。因此，在两条线58,60之间，焦耳效应的热扩散在第一层20的任何点上基本上是均匀的。
优选地，控制单元52包括电源62，例如电池。或者，控制单元52包括用于将导线58,60连接到外部电源的装置。优选地，控制单元52还包括电子设备64，电子设备64用以控制电极54,56中的电功率分布。特别地，所述电子设备64包括电子卡。例如，电子设备64能够调节分布式能量的数量或能量传递的持续时间。
或者，电子设备64连接到温度探测器(未示出)与第一层20接触。例如，当第一材料40的温度，由所述探测器测量，超过第三阈值T3时，电子设备64能够停止输送电能。第三阈值T3，例如，在第一阈值T1和第二个阈值T 2之间。现在将描述设备10的制造过程。第一层20由第一热塑性材料40构成。例如，加热到一定的温度高于或等于T1，可使用压路机压光，特别是通过挤压，压缩，使得第一材料40成形为板形。然后将成形的板打孔对应于连接30的位置。或者，可以直接形成板具有对应于连接件30的位置的孔，例如通过模制。
然后将导线58,60布置在由第一材料40制成的板上。优选地，导线略微凹入板中，材料40处于软化状态。或者，可以在形成板的同时并入线。同时，将第二材料42(例如处于液态的弹性体)倒入模具中以形成第二层22.在所述第二层部分固化之后，将第一层20覆盖在其上。
然后将液态的一些第二材料42倒入在第一层20和第二层22的模具中以形成第三层。然后,利用第二材料42填充第一层20中的开口，形成连接部30.第二材料42在边缘12,14和连接部30处的交联将第二层22和第三层24固定在一起。或者，将第一层20保持在模具中的适当位置，并且通过将第二柔性材料42倾倒或注入所述模具中而一次形成第二层22和第三层24。
根据不同的配置，第二层22和第三层24由两种不同的材料形成，能够在聚合期间彼此机械地焊接，每种所述材料具有上述物理性质。两种不同的材料是，例如，两种不同类型的硅树脂。然后将导线连接到控制单元52以形成电极54,56。由此获得如上所述的装置10。
现在描述设备10的使用过程。在初始状态下，装置，10例如，处于图1和图2所示的第一配置中。第一材料40处于刚性状态。环境温度，例如，在10℃和30℃之间。然后将第一层20加热，使第一材料40达到第一阈值T1和第二阈值T2之间的温度。在图1所示的装置10的情况下，控制单元52，例如，通过电极54,56将电能传递给第一材料40。或者，装置10被另一装置加热，例如，通过浸泡在热水中。
在加热的作用下，第一材料40转变为粘性流体状态，形状可改变。然后使装置10变形以弯曲和/或拉伸外壳16。装置10，例如，被置于图3所示的第二弯曲构型中。在第一材料40的冷却阶段，装置10保持在第二配置中。当所述材料的温度低于第一阈值T1时，第一材料40恢复其刚性并保持在第二构造中形成的形状。然后外壳16通过第一材料40保持在第二配置中。
装置10的一种可能的应用是作为用于运输工具中的个体的座椅元件，或者护理夹板，或者儿童玩具，或者服装，或者按摩配件的部件来使用。下面的例子说明了本发明，而不是限制它。
例1：制备第一热塑性材料40。
第一材料40由聚己内酯(可从Perstorp以商品名“CAPA 6500”商购获得)制成，熔融温度Tm＝60℃，平均分子量为50,000g.mol1。在加热到80℃的研钵中研磨，将聚己内酯与粉状炭黑(可从Cabotcorp以“Black Pearl 2000”命名获得)混合。由此获得第一材料40，以下称为PCLBP，其形式为均匀的糊剂。
下面的表1显示了PCLBP的电阻率与炭黑的质量百分比的函数关系：
炭黑重量百分比％ 10 12.50 15 17.50 20 22.5
电阻率(欧姆) 无穷大 72554 0.414 0.118 0.031 0.025
在混合物中超过23％的炭黑时，获得的材料是脆性的。
例2：设备10的制造。
使用辊制备具有20％重量比例炭黑的PCLBP板。参照图1，板的厚度26在1.5mm和3mm之间，沿X方向和Y方向的尺寸分别为27cm和23cm。
然后在如此生产的板上穿孔直径为5mm的圆孔(图1)。圆的中心排列在边长为7毫米的正三角形34的顶部(图1)，其中三角形的一边与X方向平行。
然后根据基本上沿着Y方向布置的平行路径，将铜线58,60嵌入板PCLBP中。
将第一层硅树脂(可从Creation Silicone以名称“Dragon Skin 10fast”商购获得)倒入尺寸为30cm(X方向和)和26cm(Y方向)的矩形模具中。参照图1，板具有在1.5mm和3mm之间的厚度28。
在第一硅树脂层部分固化之后，将多孔板PCLBP铺设在所述层上。然后将第二层硅酮倒在板PCLBP上。在硅树脂完全固化之后，两层接合并形成装置10的外壳16。
铜线58,60的一端然后连接到控制单元52以形成电极54,56。

Claims (13)

1.一种低温可变形热塑料装置，包括第一热塑性材料（40）的可变形装置（10），所述第一材料在低于第一阈值（T1）的温度下基本为刚性，且在高于所述第一阈值（T1）的温度下可延展，所述第一阈值（T1）优选在40℃和90℃之间。该装置包括由至少一种第二柔性材料（42）制成的外壳（16），所述外壳限定内凹部（18），由第一材料（40）填充内凹部，所述至少一种第二柔性材料（42）形成处于固态的外壳，至少直到温度比第一阈值（T1）高10℃，优选20℃的第二温度阈值（T2）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温可变形热塑料装置，其特征在于，所述第一热塑性材料（40）包括热塑性聚合物，所述热塑性聚合物优先选自聚己内酯，聚乳酸和聚碳酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的低温可变形热塑料装置，其特征在于，所述第一热塑性材料包括导电和/或导热剂，所述试剂优选由碳颗粒形成。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的低温可变形热塑料装置，其特征在于，所述第一热塑性材料包括聚己内酯和炭黑，聚己内酯和炭黑的总重量百分比优选高于或等于95％，优选炭黑的质量百分比在10％和23％之间，更优选在15％和20％之间。
5.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的低温可变形热塑料装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个第二柔性材料（42）是弹性体，优选硅树脂。
6.根据权利要求1或4任意一项所述的低温可变形热塑料装置，其特征在于，其中所述至少一种第二柔性材料（42）是泡沫，优选聚氨酯泡沫。
7.根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的低温可变形热塑料装置，其特征在于，所述至少一种第二柔性材料（42）是编织材料，优选包括棉花和/或聚酯的纤维。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的低温可变形热塑料装置，其特征在于，前述声明中任一项所述的装置，所述内壳（18）填充有所述第一热塑性材料（40）并且具有第一层（20）的形状，是介于第二层（22）和第三层（24）之间第二柔性材料层（42）。
9.根据权利要求8所述的低温可变形热塑料装置，其特征在于，第一层通过由第二柔性材料制成的多个连接线穿过，所述连接第二层和第三层，所述连接优选均匀地分布在第一层的表面上。
10.根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的低温可变形热塑料装置，其特征在于，还包括与第一热塑性材料接触的电气设备（50），所述设备能够通过焦耳效应将热量传递到所述第一热塑性材料（52,54,56）。
11.根据权利要求8－9任一项所述的低温可变形热塑料装置的制造工艺，包括以下步骤：
制造第一热塑性材料的第一层（20）;
制造第二柔性材料的第二层（22）;
然后：
在第二层上定位第一层; 然后
在第一和第二层上浇注液态的第二柔性材料以形成第三层（24），以及固化所述第二材料。
12.根据权利要求1－10任一项所述的低温可变形热塑料装置的使用方法，包括以下步骤：
将第一热塑性材料（40）加热至温度在第一阈值（T1）与第二阈值（T2）之间; 然后
以一定的形式改变装置形状; 然后
将第一热塑性材料（40）冷却至低于第一阈值（T1）的温度。
13.根据权利要求12所述的低温可变形热塑料装置的使用方法，结合权利要求10，其中通过所述电气设备（50）用于加热第一热塑性材料。
CN201680037971.0A 2015-07-03 2016-07-01 一种低温可变形热塑料装置 Pending CN107969121A (zh)

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