CN1079685A - Make the method for vitreous bonded abrasive article and the product made from this method - Google Patents
Make the method for vitreous bonded abrasive article and the product made from this method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1079685A CN1079685A CN93102084.0A CN93102084A CN1079685A CN 1079685 A CN1079685 A CN 1079685A CN 93102084 A CN93102084 A CN 93102084A CN 1079685 A CN1079685 A CN 1079685A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 116
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001583 allophane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
- B24D3/18—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings for porous or cellular structure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Provide the method for the vitrescence bonding emery wheel that a kind of manufacturing has 20% to 55% volume ratio porosity to shrink to reduce or to prevent.This method comprises one no covering, non-abrasive material, nonmetal, granular inoganic solids shrinkage control agent and abrasive material, bond initial thing and make steps that other batchings of emery wheel are mixed mutually of vitrescence.Non-abrasive hexagonal boron nitride is a kind of optimal retraction controlling agent and can uses based on the amount of the volume of 1% to 10% scope of emery wheel volume.By the made emery wheel of this law, the minimizing of its contraction surpasses the emery wheel that no shrinkage control agent is by comparison made.
Description
The invention belongs to the method for glassy state bonding emery wheel and this emery wheel of manufacturing and other glassy state bonded abrasive articles (Vitreous bonded abrasive, hereinafter translations vitreous bonded abrasive).The present invention also relates to a kind of method of improved production vitreous bonded abrasive article, particularly emery wheel, wherein adopted contraction to reduce agent and be used for reducing or prevent the contraction of abrasive product in the calcining process of the method for making this product.The problem relevant with contraction reduced to minimum or solved when the present invention made in the existing manufacture method roasting vitreous bonded abrasive article.
The bonded abrasive emery wheel of enamel in the prior art, be to adopt the method for following steps to produce substantially for a long time: first batching abrasive material, glass or ceramic bonding, (for example frit or oxide and silicate), mix mutually with a kind of temporary bonding agent, again mixture is put into a mould, and in mould, press this mixture, make the emery wheel that roughly forms required size and shape; From being taken away volatile matter the emery wheel of pressing, normally by under low relatively temperature (for example 200 ℃ to 300 ℃) heat downtrodden emery wheel; Draw off emery wheel then from mould, and in a stove, (for example 500 ℃ to 1200 ℃) roasting emery wheel under relatively-high temperature forms glassy bonding and is set in together abrasive material.Generally before roasting, to from downtrodden emery wheel, remove volatile matter, in the conventional method, because this volatile matter is by batching, for example temporary bonding agent is introduced, if allow it is retained in the emery wheel of pressing, it can make emery wheel generation bulging (differential expansion), fracture and the distortion that is subjected to roasting to emery wheel in the high-temperature roasting operation, and volatile matter can be water and/or organic material.The further purpose of emery wheel of pressing with relative low-temperature heat is that temporary bonding agent is bonded together the various components of emery wheel in a kind of mode of interim fragility; Make the emery wheel of pressing from mould, to draw off.The emery wheel that the pressure of this temporary bonding is crossed is commonly referred to as unsintered emery wheel.In calcining process, the temperature of general roasting is far above the decomposition temperature of temporary bonding agent, and temporary bonding agent is removed from emery wheel, and the volatile material of any remnants also all has been excluded.
Pressed, the common sintering temperature of temporary bonding (promptly unsintered) emery wheel is in 500 °～1000 ℃ scopes.When this high temperature heating, transformation various physics and/or chemistry takes place, the result forms a kind of glass or the ceramic matrix that abrasive material is combined.In calcining process, form pore in the emery wheel and Volume Changes takes place.Variation on the volume often shows in the contraction of emery wheel.The granular materials that is used to form the vitrescence bonding matrix changes owing to chemical reaction and/or fusing and/or the physical change that is fused together.The volume that these chemistry and/or physical change occupy the granular materials of formation vitrescence bonding reduces.Additional particulates material except that abrasive material can be mixed among the vitrescence bonding matrix and work, to volume is further reduced.The degree of shrinking depends primarily on the amount and the total amount thereof of these variations, and the vitrescence bonding forms chemistry and/or physical characteristic that matrix material and other are used to make the granular materials of emery wheel, and depends on the porosity that emery wheel obtains.It is known shrinking 0.5% to 10% volume, specifically is (for example 20% or higher porosity) on the emery wheel of porous relatively.For the purpose of illustrating and explain contraction, can be imagined as glass pellet to the granular materials of the vitrescence bonding matrix that is used to make emery wheel.With the most effective placement form these beads are loaded into container equably, only stay the space that some beads can't occupy.The fusing bead forms liquid glass, as a result the volume that occupies less than bead of the volume of glass.This Volume Changes (promptly reduce) is that the contraction that fusing produced by glass pellet causes.
The emery wheel size reduces, relatively outside the center mounting hole out-of-size scope of the emery wheel of porous, mating part separate (for example center and wheel rim) and even emery wheel fracture of vitrescence bonding or distortion, this is when roasting, emery wheel shrinks some consequence that can see that produces.Some problems wherein (for example the emery wheel size is dwindled) overcome technically, this is to dwindle with compensation by making the not sintering emery wheel enough bigger than emery wheel size after the roasting, perhaps by make than the also big roasting emery wheel of the finishing size emery wheel that requires, then emery wheel is machined to suitable size.Because to the contraction of relative porous emery wheel control (for example obtaining consistent repeatably result), now technically also have any problem, so will regulation can be enough to a kind of size of compensate for shrinkage, enable to make and be applicable to that various unsintered emery wheels also are unable to handle now.Concerning shrinking, more acceptable answer is that the vitrescence emery wheel that bonds is made greater than required size, then emery wheel is machined to just size.But this also has problem.Proofread and correct overproof installing hole,, also still be difficult to even adopt machining.Processing vitrescence bonding emery wheel has increased operation and expense to size from making.Some vitrescence bonding emery wheel, the emery wheel that particularly adopts expensive abrasive material, for example diamond and cubic boron nitride to produce is to make around a kind of vitrescence that contains inexpensive abrasive material or do not have the abrasive material core wheel that bonds with the vitreous bonded abrasive collar.In the known method of making these emery wheels, visible contraction makes core wheel separate with wheel rim, even makes the emery wheel distortion.These problems cause emery wheel to scrap (being that emery wheel can not use), and have increased the cost of those very expensive emery wheels.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacturing vitreous bonded abrasive article, for example emery wheel improves one's methods.
Another object of the present invention provides improving one's methods of a kind of vitreous bonded abrasive article of making minimizing or not having to shrink.
Further aim of the present invention provides a kind of vitreous bonded abrasive article of exempting or exempting substantially effect of contraction.
A further object of the invention is to overcome the contraction problem when making vitreous bonded abrasive article in the prior art.
These and other purposes that can obviously find out from the following description and subsidiary claim can reach with following improving one's methods of the present invention.A kind of manufacturing of the present invention has the improving one's methods of vitreous bonded abrasive article of the porosity (for example emery wheel) of from 20% to 55% volume range, may further comprise the steps: abrasive material and other batchings of making goods are mixed mutually; In mould, mix is pressed into shape of products and size; Baked article is to form the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material, wherein improvements comprise: do not have a covering a kind of, non-abrasive material, nonmetallic, granular inorganic solid shrinkage control agent (SCA) (for example hexagonal boron nitride) is mixed into the step in the batching of making vitreous bonded abrasive article.
Vitreous bonded abrasive article with porosity of 20% to 55% volume ratio of the present invention, it specifically is the vitreous bonded abrasive emery wheel, and more particularly have in the enforcement of improving one's methods of belt wheel edge emery wheel of 20% to 55% volume ratio porosity, having obtained does not have, or (for example the installing hole size is dwindled not have in the prior art to shrink the defective that causes and problem substantially, the emery wheel wheel rim separates with the wheel core segment, and the emery wheel distortion).The vitrescence bonding emery wheel of belt wheel edge can be to have a vitreous bonded abrasive panel, the abrasive material that the costliness of diamond for example or cubic boron nitride is normally arranged, be attached to and contain inexpensive abrasive material (for example aluminium oxide, carborundum), or do not contain on the vitrescence bonding core wheel of abrasive material.
The relative porous of prior art manufacturing (for example porosity of at least 20% volume ratio) vitrescence bonding emery wheel adopts following basic step: a) abrasive material, the initial batching of vitrescence bonding and other batchings, mix forming mixture; B) mixture is put into mould; C) in mould the mixture extrusion forming; And d) the vitrescence matrix that the shaping mixt heating is bonded together with formation and abrasive material.These steps can be augmented other steps or various condition, comprise such as the mixture that adds hot pressing in mould, to remove volatile material; Before calcining process, to draw off the mixture of pressing in the mould; And the mixture that keeps roasting in the pressurization or the compacting of heating in mould on mixture is to form these independent steps of vitrescence matrix.The final step that is comprised in the manufacturing process of vitrescence bonding emery wheel produces a kind of known hot-press method, and generally needs special and expensive mould (for example graphite jig).This hot-press method is used for making little emery wheel usually technically, often with inert gas or reduce atmosphere and carry out.Do not adopting hot-pressing technique to make in the method for vitrescence bonding emery wheel, through one section low temperature (200 ℃ to 300 ℃) period of heating removing volatile material, and make after temporary bonding agent solidifies, from mould, draw off the mixture of pressing.The mixture that is shaped draws off from mould, carries out calcining process then to form the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material.This aftermentioned method generally refers to the method for colding pressing.Technically, hot pressing is carried out in inert gas or minimizing atmosphere, and wherein oxidation is a problem making vitrescence bonding emery wheel or other abrasive products.Comparatively speaking, the method for colding pressing is to make the technical method of generally using of vitrescence bonding emery wheel.
In the prior art, the method for making the vitrescence bonded abrasive lap wheel abrasive material of relative porous (for example porosity of at least 20% volume ratio) or abrasive mixture (for example aluminium oxide and carborundum) is to mix mutually with a kind of vitrescence initial thing that bonds.This initial thing can be a kind of frit, or a kind of raw-material mixture (for example silicon, oxide etc.), and it forms vitrescence binding agent or matrix in calcining process, and abrasive material is bonded together.Frit generally is a kind of granular glass material, and this material fusing or fusion form the vitrescence bonding or the matrix of emery wheel or other abrasive products.Bond mixing energy and a kind of organic material of initial thing of abrasive material and vitrescence combines, and this organic material bonded together the component of emery wheel compound before the calcining process operation temporarily.This temporary bonding agent can be the material that a kind of organic polymer materials or polymer are made.Found that phenolic resins is useful temporary bonding agent technically.Other materials, as lubricant, extreme pressure agent and filler can mix mutually with bond initial thing and temporary bonding agent of abrasive material, vitrescence.Then, the emery wheel mixed composition of measuring weight is put among the mould with desired emery wheel size and dimension.Thereafter, the mixture of uniformly dispersing is compressed into desired size and low temperature (for example 200 ℃ to 300 ℃) heating in mould, to remove the volatile material (for example water or organic solvent) in the mixture by exerting pressure in the mould.The mixture of low-temperature heat compression also makes this temporary bonding agent that the batching of emery wheel is bonded together, and forms a kind of fragile relatively oneself and supports, and formed article can be carried before calcining process.Then, emery wheel draws off from mould, and is placed in the kiln or in the stove, is heated to high temperature (for example 500 ° to 1000 ℃) and surpasses a stipulated time/temperature cycle, to form vitrescence bonding or the matrix that bonds together with abrasive material.Add hot grinding material, the vitrescence initial thing that bonds, the mixture of temporary bonding agent and other materials forms the vitrescence bonding to high temperature, produces chemistry and/or physical change, and the result makes high temperature heating process (being roasting) emery wheel size and volume contraction before.Like this, emery wheel after roasting is less than before the roasting.Therefore, have to pay attention in the method for the specific dimensions of the emery wheel of this manufacturing fine finishining that is contracted in prior art.Found on the emery wheel of relative porous, contraction is inaccurate or can not reliable reproduction, therefore, method of the prior art generally is by making baked vitrescence bonded abrasive lap size of wheel greater than desired size, then baked emery wheel being reprocessed to correct or last size.This processing or fine finishining are to the production of emery wheel in fact, and is time-consuming and increased cost.Therefore, required processing or fine finishining amount are many more, and the cost and the man-hour that are added to the manufacturing emery wheel are also just many more.Carry out grinding on the lathe for emery wheel is installed to, emery wheel generally all has a centre bore.The just size in this hole is vital to using emery wheel.The contraction that produces in making vitrescence bonding emery wheel has influenced the size of installing hole, makes it less than desired size.Therefore, must be machined to correct size to this hole.This processing to vitreous bonded abrasive, because it is its characteristic is difficult, time-consuming, the increase cost.Therefore, in the technology of making vitrescence bonding emery wheel and other abrasive products, contraction is an important problem.So the elimination of minimizing and desirability contraction is the useful improvement to the technology of making vitrescence bonding emery wheel and other abrasive products.
The present invention solves the contraction problem of the vitrescence bonding emery wheel of relative porous, and improving one's methods of a kind of manufacturing vitreous bonded abrasive article that reduces or eliminates contraction is provided.Find, certain material, refer to shrinkage control agent (SCA) herein, be used among the mixture of batching component of the vitreous bonded abrasive article of making porosity, can in manufacturing process, reduce the contraction of goods with 20% to 55% volume ratio scope.Therefore, according to the present invention, improving one's methods of the vitreous bonded abrasive article that provides a kind of manufacturing to have the porosity of 20% to 55% volume ratio scope, particularly emery wheel may further comprise the steps:
A) the initial thing of abrasive material and vitrescence matrix be mixed form uniform mixture,
B) mixture is put into a mould,
C) mixture is pressurizeed, make the body of pressing and
D) under the temperature of the vitrescence matrix that the initial thing of vitrescence matrix is transformed into bond together, add the body of hot pressing with abrasive material,
Improvements comprise: the step that the shrinkage control agent of shrinking the minimizing effective dose and abrasive material and the initial thing of vitrescence matrix are mixed mutually, this controlling agent is a kind of no covering, non-abrasive material, nonmetallic granular inorganic solid.
A best aspect of the shrinkage control agent (SCA) that the present invention is disclosed and claimed is one to be selected from following group, has the no covering of the Mohs' hardness of from 1 to 4 scope, non-abrasive material, nonmetal, granular inoganic solids.The composition of this group is: a) contain aerobic and a kind of mineral matter in silicon, aluminium and the magnesium elements at least, and b) hexagonal boron nitride.
Used speech in the disclosed and claim of the present invention, no covering, meaning does not have metal covering or coat from the teeth outwards.
In an example of the present invention, improving one's methods of vitrescence bonding emery wheel that a kind of manufacturing has from 20% to 55% volume ratio porosity is provided, may further comprise the steps:
A) abrasive material, the initial thing of vitrescence matrix mixes mutually with the temporary bonding agent material, forms a kind of uniform mixture,
B) mixture is put into a mould,
C) mixture is pressurizeed in mould,
D) in mould, be lower than the mixture that adds hot pressing under the temperature that the initial thing of vitrescence matrix is transformed into the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material, form the moulded body of the shaping that a kind of oneself supports,
E) from mould, draw off moulded body and
F) heating and mould pressing body under a temperature that effectively the initial thing of vitrescence matrix is transformed into the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material,
Wherein, improvements comprise: the non-abrasive material hexagonal boron nitride of effective dose and the step that abrasive material, the initial thing of vitrescence matrix and temporary bonding agent material mix are mutually shunk in minimizing.
Another instantiation of the present invention provides the improving one's methods of vitreous bonded abrasive emery wheel of the porosity that a kind of manufacturing has 20% to 55% volume ratio scope, may further comprise the steps:
A) three-dimensional boron nitride abrasive materials, the initial thing of vitrescence matrix mixes mutually with the temporary bonding agent material, forms homogeneous mixture,
B) mixture is put into a mould,
C) in mould, press mixture,
D) in mould, be lower than the mixture that adds hot pressing under the temperature that the initial thing of vitrescence matrix is transformed into the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material with one, form an oneself and support the moulded body that is shaped,
E) from mould, draw off moulded body and
F) heating and mould pressing body under a temperature that effectively the vitrescence matrix initially is transformed into the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material,
Wherein improvements comprise the step that the non-abrasive material hexagonal boron nitride that reduces the contraction effective dose and cubic boron nitride abrasive materials, the initial thing of vitrescence matrix and temporary bonding agent material are mixed mutually.
The present invention also has an embodiment, and the improving one's methods of vitreous bonded abrasive emery wheel of the porosity that a kind of manufacturing has 20% to 55% volume ratio is provided, and may further comprise the steps:
A) the alumina abrasive of cubic boron nitride abrasive materials, fusion, the initial thing of vitrescence matrix mixes mutually with the temporary bonding agent material, forms a kind of homogeneous mixture,
B) mixture is put into a mould,
C) in mould, press mixture,
D) from mould, draw off moulded body, and can be effectively the initial thing of vitrescence matrix be transformed into heating and mould pressing body under the temperature of the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material with one,
Wherein improvements comprise the step that the non-abrasive material hexagonal boron nitride that reduces the contraction effective dose and the alumina abrasive and the temporary bonding agent material of cubic boron nitride abrasive materials, fusion are mixed mutually.
Other examples of the present invention can adopt above-mentioned step and pyrophyllite, talcum or mica as the control contracting agent, substitute hexagonal boron nitride control contracting agent.
In enforcement of the present invention, can adopt the mixture of various abrasive materials and abrasive material, include, but are not limited to this, as aloxite (AI, the solvable gel alumina of sintering, sol gel aluminium nitride/aluminum nitrate, carborundum, cubic boron nitride and boart boart or abrasive particle.These or other abrasive particle can adopt general technically size.By Unite States Standard sieve 60 to 325 purpose abrasive materials, preferably the abrasive material of 100 to 200 order scopes is applicable to example of the present invention, can use the abrasive material combination of various different components and/or size.Same component but the combination of different size abrasive material, and have different components but the composition of measure-alike or different abrasive material all can be used among method of the present invention and the goods.
The initial thing of vitrescence matrix of the present invention is such material or mixtures of material, when in calcining process, heating, and the vitrescence matrix that the abrasive material of formation and abrasive product bonds together.This vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material, glassy phase, the vitrescence that is considered to abrasive product technically bonds, ceramic bonding, or glassy bond.The initial thing of vitrescence matrix can specifically be the mixture or the composition of a kind of oxide and silicate, and it reacts when being heated to high temperature, forms glass or ceramic matrix; Can be frit perhaps, when being heated to high temperature in calcining process, fusing and/or fusion form the vitrescence matrix of abrasive product.The combination of technical known various materials can be used as the initial thing of vitrescence matrix.These materials at first are metal oxide and silicate.The fine grained glass of being made by the various components of oxide and silicate (being frit) can be used as the initial thing of vitrescence matrix.These frits generally are known and can have bought in the shop.These frits are general at first by the composition of preparation oxide and silicate, and it is heated to high temperature and forms glass.This glass is broken into granule after cooling then.Can adopt 1000 temperature in the example of the present invention, the initial thing of vitrescence matrix is transformed into the vitrescence matrix that the abrasive material with abrasive product bonds together to 2500 scopes.This heating generally refers to calcining process, and in a kiln or stove, carry out usually, the time and the temperature of heating abrasive product are controlled according to the factors such as component of size and dimension, abrasive material and the initial thing of vitrescence matrix of abrasive product, or change control with it.The roasting condition of making vitreous bonded abrasive article is known technically, and these conditions can be used in practice of the present invention.
In making vitreous bonded abrasive article, using various additives is known technically, and its making that helps product easily and improve the performance of goods.These additives can comprise lubricant, filler, temporary bonding agent and technology auxiliary material.Its amount of these additives is known technically, can be in practice of the present invention for realizing that its further purpose uses.
During fabrication, relatively the contraction of the vitreous bonded abrasive article of porous (for example 20% or greater than the porosity of 20% volume ratio) is known in the prior art.Abrasive material, the initial thing of vitrescence matrix and the specified rate of the mixture of other batchings arbitrarily when putting into mould and exerting pressure, produce the body of a given size of pressing and volume.Form the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material when this body heats in calcining process, cause the contraction on the volume and cause its volume of vitreous bonded abrasive article less than being pressed the body volume before the calcining process.For compensating this contraction (being that volume reduces), known way is before roasting, makes the body of pressing significantly greater than the size of baked abrasive product, the contraction when correcting roasting.This compensation can compensate the desired size and dimension of baked vitreous bonded abrasive article (for example emery wheel) substantially.Employing makes the body of pressing have contraction when not only being enough to compensate roasting, but also makes it have baked vitreous bonded abrasive article greater than the requirement size to enable goods are processed into the size of desired size, and this all is known technically.Have the body of crossing even as big as the pressure that compensates desired amount of contraction just, can not as one man produce the baked emery wheel of the size that requires, because be difficult to control and reproduce the satisfied scope that is contracted in.Therefore, this method that relates to contraction is not satisfied fully.Manufacturing is greater than the emery wheel of requirement size, and then it being worked into desired size has increased operation, man-hour and cost concerning the manufacturing of emery wheel.The present invention attempts to overcome these and makes vitreous bonded abrasive article technology difficulty of the prior art.For overcoming these difficulties and not enough, the step that the method according to this invention provides is: mix mutually with abrasive material and the initial thing of vitrescence matrix reducing the shrinkage control agent of shrinking effective dose, this shrinkage control agent is no covering, non-abrasive material, nonmetallic granular inorganic solid.Shrinkage control agent can have the size of wide region.Size can be littler than abrasive material, or even bigger.The size of shrinkage control agent in 60 to 325 order scopes by the Unite States Standard sieve, is preferably in 100 to 200 orders, all can be used in the present invention's practice.Because the contraction of vitreous bonded abrasive article may be with the chemistry and the physical property of its batching, and the condition of making these goods, change in very wide scope, the amount that the shrinkage control agent that is adopted in practice of the present invention effectively reduces contraction also can change in very wide scope.Of the present inventionly put into practice adoptable shrinkage control agent, make benchmark according to the volume of vitreous bonded abrasive article, the amount of from 0.5% to 20% volume ratio better is the amount of 1% to 10% volume ratio, preferably the amount of 4% to 8% volume ratio.Best, shrinkage control agent is a kind of no covering, non-abrasive material, nonmetal, the granular inoganic solids of the Mohs' hardness with 1 to 4 scope selected from following group, this group composed as follows: a) contain aerobic and a kind of mineral matter in silicon, aluminium, the magnesium elements at least, and b) hexagonal boron nitride.Contain aerobic and a kind of in silicon, aluminium, the magnesium elements at least, and the mineral matter with the Mohs' hardness in from 1 to 4 scope, what for example include, but are not limited to this is pyrophyllite, talcum, mica, allophane, shepardite and chlorite.In the practice of the present invention as shrinkage control agent, available mineral matter in silicon, aluminium, magnesium elements are arranged a kind of, various other elements (for example iron, lithium, potassium, sodium) also can exist.Except oxygen occurring, pyrophyllite contains aluminium and silicon; Talcum contains silicon and magnesium; Allophane contains silicon and aluminium; Shepardite contains magnesium; Chlorite contains silicon, aluminium and magnesium; And mica contains silicon and aluminium; With one or more can occur in magnesium, iron, lithium, sodium, the potassium.
When making the vitreous bonded abrasive emery wheel, the material that uses according to the emery wheel of manufacturing and the shape and size of emery wheel, it is known changing production stage and condition.The step of the practice of method of the present invention and condition are known.The step of method of the present invention and practice and condition can change, to satisfy the requirement of making the used various materials of vitreous bonded abrasive article and article shape and size.Therefore, for example in an example of the present invention, abrasive material can mix mutually with the initial thing of vitrescence matrix, and temporary bonding agent is sneaked in the mixture of abrasive material and the initial thing of vitrescence matrix more then, add additive and mix thereafter, add then shrinkage control agent and with mix mutually in preceding batching of having mixed.Last mixture is put into a mould, and is pressed into desired size and dimension massively.The mixture that this pressure is crossed can be heated in mould and be enough to remove any volatile material in the mixture, and temporary bonding agent can bond together the temperature that forms the body that an interim oneself supports to batching, but is lower than the temperature that can make the initial thing of vitrescence matrix be transformed into the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material.Then, the body that this oneself supports draws off from mould, and is heated to the temperature that can be transformed into the initial thing of vitrescence matrix the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material.In another example of practice of the present invention,, follow above-mentioned technology basically except that batching (being abrasive material, the initial thing of vitrescence matrix, shrinkage control agent etc.) is the regulation that mixes.Abrasive material can mix with the temporary bonding agent material, abrasive particle evenly is coated with and is covered with binding agent, and the initial thing of vitrescence matrix mixes mutually with the abrasive material of coating then, and other batchings add separately and sneak among the material that has formerly mixed, then add shrinkage control agent, and sneak in the composition.Another example of method of the present invention practice can comprise the shrinkage control agent that mixes and abrasive material, additive, and the initial thing of vitrescence matrix that mixes, and additive and mix temporary bonding agent is made other batchings of goods and sneaked into subsequently respectively then.This mixed processes is subsequent to be had some all the other steps by manufacturing process (for example mixture adds among the mould; Mixture is pressurizeed; And the roasting mixing of pressing).Therefore, the special point of method of the present invention is that it is transformable that the shrinkage control agent abrasive material used with making vitreous bonded abrasive article, the initial thing of vitrescence matrix and other batchings are mixed the step of being taked mutually.
The known fusion of conventional art and hybrid technology, condition and equipment can use in practice of the present invention.Suppress vitreous bonded abrasive article before baked article, for example the known technology of emery wheel, condition and equipment all can use.Before baked article, the drying of the vitreous bonded abrasive article of compacting is to remove water or the organic solvent of normally being introduced goods by temporary bonding agent traditionally, and this available technique known, condition and equipment carry out.After the abrasive product that drying was suppressed, so-called unsintered goods or emery wheel are heated to for example 1000 to 2500 high temperature, to form the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material.
A kind of vitreous bonded abrasive article, emery wheel for example, generally all knowing has pore (being free space).These factors are depended in the variation of the amount of common control hole in the goods: the component of abrasive material and granularity, and the composition of vitrescence binding agent, these cause the condition difference of baked article, and the variation of situation, composition and the amount of material mesopore.The wide region of vitreous bonded abrasive article mesopore degree is known technically.This porosity generally is expressed as a kind of integral body of goods, or the percentage of geometric volume.Therefore, for example vitreous bonded abrasive emery wheel has the porosity of 40% geometric volume, and the meaning is meant that 40% geometric volume of baked emery wheel is hole or free space.The percent volume of baked vitreous bonded abrasive article can be retained in the goods percent by volume of each component by the geometric volume of known goods with after making calcining process than porosity and calculate.By the weight of used each component in the goods given amount and the actual density of every kind of component, can calculate the volume of every kind of component in the goods.Be retained in after roasting that whole volumes of the each component in the goods are deducted by the geometric volume of goods in the goods, then end value is divided by the geometric volume of goods.What so obtain is on duty with the 100% percentage porosity that draws goods.With similar approach, the percent by volume that is retained in every kind of component in the goods after the roasting is added together, deduct with 100%, draw the percent by volume of porosity.A kind of calculation procedure in this back can be used in the example, the percent by volume of the abrasive material in each example, binding agent and shrinkage control agent is added be in the same place, and deduct its summation with 100%.
The present invention now will be further describe as the example of restriction with following, wherein, except as otherwise noted, the amount of material by weight, temperature is in Fahrenheit, order is in the Unite States Standard sieve size.And,
1) the 2A aluminium oxide is the aloxite (AI abrasive material.
2) the MEM aluminium oxide is according to the U.S. Pat-4,881 of authorizing on November 21st, 1989, the CUBITRONMEM sol gel alumina abrasive of 951 claim and disclosed content, and can buy from Mi Nisuda mining and manufacturing company.(CUBITRON is the trade mark of Mi Nisuda mining and the Minnesota Miningand Manufacturing Company of manufacturing company registration)
3) 3029 resins are the temporary bonding agent materials with water of the solid urea formaldehyde resin of 65% weight ratio and 35% weight ratio.
4) binding agent A is two kinds of mixtures with equal weight than the frit of part.The frit of number 1 has one group of oxide, and component is in weight ratio: 43.5% SiO
2, 1.18%TiO
2, 14.26% Al
2O
3, 28.63% B
2O
3, 2.14% CaO and 10.29% MgO.The frit of number 2 has one group of oxide, and component is in weight ratio: 59.0% SiO
2, 3.0% Al
2O
3, 25.0% B
2O
3, 4.0% MgO, 1.0% Li
2O, 2.0% K
2O, 2.0% Na
2O and 4.0% ZnO.
5) Agrashell is at commercially available broken walnut shell of being produced by Agrashell company.
The vitreous bonded abrasive rod that following example 1 to 34 relates to has 0.25 * 0.254 * 1.56 inches nominal size (volume is 0.099 cubic inch) and is to make for measuring shrinkage.These rods prepare in the following manner, and material therefor and amount (being weight %) are illustrated in the example.Abrasive material or abrasive mixture fully and shrinkage control agent (being hexagonal boron nitride, pyrophyllite, talcum or mica) mix mutually.In the mixture that obtains like this, obtain a kind of composition with the blending of whipped form and 3029 resins.Bonding agent and dextrin are to mix equably and in the mixture that produces, add the composition of abrasive material, shrinkage control agent and 3029 resins with hybrid mode.Uniform mixture of Chan Shenging or composition are put into one and are had mould cavity 0.254 * 1.56 inch nominal size and variable depth, and be pressed onto 0.25 inch nominal thickness after measured then.The rod of compacting has 0.25 * 0.254 * 1.56 inches nominal size, draws off from mould and air-dry under at least one hour room temperature.According to measuring the program of shrinking, after measuring and carrying this rod, it be placed in the stove by be heated to 100 the speed of per hour heating up 1525 °F and under 1525 temperature through six hours roasting, allow rod then in stove, along with closing of stove is cooled to room temperature.
The emery wheel of example 35 to 37 is by the same manner preparation of example 1 to 34 rod about the emery wheel after batch mixes and the roasting compacting.The used mould of emery wheel of making example 35 to 37 has 0.75 inch of a nominal external diameter, 0.5 inch of nominal thickness, the manufacturing emery wheel cavity that nominal internal diameter is 0.5 inch.The batching of the example 35 to 37 that mixed is fully put into mould after after measured, is pressed onto desired size, and the emery wheel of pressing is drawn off from mould.Behind at least one hour air-dry, emery wheel carries out roasting by condition and regulation described in the excellent production process of example 1 to 34.
The percent by volume of the contraction that provides in following example is by John Wiley﹠amp; The copyrights in 1948 that Sons company publishes, by " pottery test and calculate " book chapter 4 of A.I.Andrews work, the 27th to 42 page of described known standard program and computational methods are determined.In some instances, what note producing is to expand, but not shrinks.Expanding volume percentage is determined with retraction volume percentage similar methods, the oeprator of appropriate change necessity in calculating.
Example 1 to 3
Instance number 123
2A aluminium oxide 80 abrasive materials 63.75 62.78 61.69
3029 resins 6.69 6.58 6.70
Binding agent A 27.78 27.36 26.89
Dextrin 1.79 1.76 1.73
Hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) 1.52 2.99
HBN granularity (order) 1,00/,120 100/120
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 31.0 31.0 31.0 in the goods of roasting
Hexagonal boron nitride volume % 024
Retraction volume % 1.668 1.28 1.087
Example 4 to 8
Instance number 45678
2A aluminium oxide 80 abrasive materials 69.37 68.23 66.9
65.88 64.71
3029 resins 6.25 6.15 6.29 6.19 6.30
Binding agent A 22.43 22.06 21.65 21.30 20.93
Dextrin 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.81
HBN100/120 order 1.65 3.24 4.79 6.25
Abrasive material (through the goods of roasting) volume % 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0
Binding agent (through the goods of roasting) volume % 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0
HBN volume % 02468
Retraction volume % 0.833 0.770 0.640 0.255
*0.899
*
* be expanding volume %
Example 9 to 11
Instance number 9 10 11
2A aluminium oxide 80 abrasive materials 69.37 65.88 65.88
3029 resins 6.25 6.19 6.19
Binding agent A 22.43 21.30 21.30
Dextrin 1.94 1.85 1.85
Hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) 4.79 4.79
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 23.0 23.0 23.0 in the goods of roasting
HBN volume % 066
Retraction volume % 0.833 0.126 0.448
Example 12 to 13
Instance number 12 13
2A aluminium oxide 280 abrasive materials 63.29 62.33
3029 resins 7.36 7.25
Binding agent A 27.58 27.17
Dextrin 1.77 1.75
HBN100/120 order 1.51
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 31.0 31.0 in the goods of roasting
Hexagonal boron nitride volume % 02
Retraction volume % 0.574 0.255
Example 14 to 15
Instance number 14 15
2A aluminium oxide 100 abrasive materials 58.94 58.52
3029 resins 7.07 7.02
Binding agent A 32.34 32.11
Dextrin 1.65 1.64
Hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) 0.71
HBN granularity (order) 100/120
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 39.0 39.0 in the goods of roasting
Hexagonal boron nitride volume % 01
Retraction volume % 1.923 1.923
*
* be expanding volume %
Example 16 to 17
Instance number 16 17
2A aluminium oxide 100 abrasive materials 72.82 69.33
3029 resins 6.72 7.32
Binding agent A 18.01 17.13
Dextrin 2.39 2.28
HBN100/120 order 3.94
Abrasive material volume % 35.0 35.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 15.0 15.0 in the goods of roasting
Hexagonal boron nitride volume % 04
Retraction volume % 3.896 2.391
Example 18 to 19
Instance number 18 19
2A aluminium oxide 80 abrasive materials 65.65 62.73
3029 resins 7.07 7.05
Binding agent A 21.23 20.29
Dextrin 1.84 1.76
Pyrophyllite 100/120 order 4.28 8.17
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 23.0 23.0 in the goods of roasting
The volume % 48 of pyrophyllite
Retraction volume % 0 0.826
*
* be expanding volume %
Example 20 to 22
Instance number 20 21 22
2A aluminium oxide 80 abrasive materials 63.75 62.79 61.25
3029 resins 6.69 7.06 7.35
Binding agent A 27.78 27.37 26.69
Dextrin 1.79 1.76 1.72
Pyrophyllite 100/120 order 1.02 2.99
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 31.0 31.0 31.0 in the goods of roasting
Pyrophyllite volume % 013
Retraction volume % 1.668 1.153 0.767
Example 23 and 24
Instance number 23 24
2A aluminium oxide 80 abrasive materials 62.72 61.06
3029 resins 7.05 7.33
Binding agent A 27.33 26.61
Dextrin 1.76 1.71
Mica 100/120 order 1.14 3.28
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 31.0 31.0 in the goods of roasting
Mica volume % 13
Retraction volume % 0.996 0.777
Example 25 and 26
Instance number 25 26
2A aluminium oxide 80 abrasive materials 62.7
61.21
3029 resins 7.06 7.35
Binding agent A 27.36 26.67
Dextrin 1.76 1.71
Talcum 200 orders 1.05 3.06
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 31.0 31.0 in the goods of roasting
Talcum volume % 13
Retraction volume % 1.153 0.767
Example 27 and 28
Instance number 27 28
2A aluminium oxide 100 abrasive materials 5.79 5.60
Cubic boron nitride 80/100 abrasive material 54.22 52.46
3029 resins 8.63 8.35
Binding agent A 29.47 28.51
Dextrin 1.89 1.83
Hexagonal boron nitride 100/120 order 3.24
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 31.0 31.0 in the goods of roasting
Hexagonal boron nitride volume % 04
Retraction volume % 6.963 6.091
*
* be expanding volume %
Example 29 and 30
Instance number 29 30
2A aluminium oxide 280 abrasive materials 28.26 27.28
Cubic boron nitride 230/270 abrasive material 38.71 37.36
3029 resins 7.59 7.33
Binding agent A 23.41 22.60
Dextrin 2.03 1.96
Hexagonal boron nitride 100/120 order 3.47
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 23.0 23.0 in the system mouth of roasting
Hexagonal boron nitride volume % 04
Retraction volume % 2.319 1.247
Example 31 and 32
Instance number 31 32
Carborundum 100 abrasive materials 5.19 5.01
Cubic boron nitride 80/100 abrasive material 60.43 58.25
3029 resins 7.90 7.62
Binding agent A 24.37 23.49
Dextrin 2.11 2.04
Hexagonal boron nitride 100/120 order 3.60
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting
Binding agent volume % 23.0 23.0 in the goods of roasting
Hexagonal boron nitride volume % 04
Retraction volume % 4.484 0.288
Example 33 and 34
Instance number 33 34
MEM aluminium oxide 80 abrasive materials 63.3
62.36
3029 resins 6.76 6.66
Binding agent A 28.10 27.67
Dextrin 1.81 1.78
Hexagonal boron nitride 100/120 order 1.54
Abrasive material volume % 41.0 41.0 in the goods of roasting coal
Binding agent volume % 31.0 31.0 in the goods of roasting
Hexagonal boron nitride volume % 02
Retraction volume % 1.926 1.283
Example 35 to 37
Instance number 35 36 37
Cubic boron nitride 60 abrasive materials 59.11 57.78 57.19
3029 resins 9.60 9.39 9.29
Binding agent A 29.39 28.73 28.44
Dextrin 1.90 1.86 1.84
Shrinkage control agent does not have AS
*HBN
*
* AS is the Agrashell100/120 order
* HBN is hexagonal boron nitride 100/120 order
Inch thick * 0.5,0.75 inch external diameter * 0.50 of emery wheel size inch internal diameter retraction volume is than % 2.821 3.040 0.704
Example 38 and 39
Instance number 38 39
Cubic boron nitride 100/120 abrasive material 36.10 34.93
2A aluminium oxide 100 abrasive materials 26.36 25.51
3029 resins 8.10 7.84
Binding agent A 27.55 26.66
Dextrin 1.90 1.84
Hexagonal boron nitride 100/120 order 0 3.23
Retraction volume % 4.566 0.461
G-speed 250.82 453.28
0.75 * 0.625 * 0.375 inch of emery wheel size
Example 38 and 39 emery wheel are except the relevant die size that is adopted, and they are that described similarity condition of preparation and mode with emery wheel in 35 pairs 37 of rod and the examples in the example 1 to 34 prepares.G-ratio (being the ratio that per unit emery wheel wear volume grinds off metal volume) is to measure in the grinding test with following guidance.
In grinding test, emery wheel is installed on the IEFCINTERNAL grinding machine, and with 41,009 per minute changes the emery wheel rotating speed of (RPM), the feed speed that per minute is 0.060 inch, the surface of the work speed that per minute is 150 feet, the hardness RC that hardens of one 3 inches * 1.045 inches * 0.375 inch of grinding is the internal diameter of the cylindrical element of 60 to 62 No. 52100 steel repeatedly.Each test causes removing 0.75 cubic inch metal.In each test, use CIMPERIAL HD-90 water-based metal working fluid.CIMPERIAL is the trade mark of Xin Xinna dike Milacron Inc. (CINCINNATI Milacron Inc) registration.Emery wheel wearing and tearing that record with each test and the metal that grinds off calculate the ratio of G.
Claims (20)
1, a kind of manufacturing has the improving one's methods of vitreous bonded abrasive article of the porosity of 20% to 55% percent by volume scope, may further comprise the steps:
A) abrasive material and the long-pending initial thing of vitrescence matrix are mixed, form uniform mixture,
B) this mixture is put into a mould,
C), and form a body of pressing to this mixture pressurization in pressing mold,
D) this compacting body of heating under the temperature that can be transformed into the initial thing of vitrescence matrix the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material,
It is characterized by these improvements and comprised the step that a shrinkage control agent that reduces to shrink effective dose and this abrasive material and the initial thing of vitrescence matrix are mixed mutually, described controlling agent is a kind of no covering, and non-abrasive material is nonmetal, granular inorganic solid.
2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this shrinkage control agent be a kind of have from following group select, no covering, non-abrasive material, nonmetal, the granular inorganic solid of Mohs' hardness in 1 to 4 scope, this group is formed: (1) contains aerobic and a kind of mineral matter and (2) hexagonal boron nitride in silicon, aluminium, the magnesium elements at least.
3, method according to claim 2 is characterized by this shrinkage control agent and is a kind of aerobic and a kind of mineral matter in silicon, aluminium, the magnesium elements at least of containing.
4, method according to claim 2, it is characterized by this shrinkage control agent is non-abrasive hexagonal boron nitride.
5, method according to claim 2, it is characterized by a kind of temporary bonding agent is included in the step a), and be provided in further step: the body of handle compacting is heated to and is lower than the temperature that the initial thing of vitrescence matrix is transformed into the vitrescence matrix that bonds together with abrasive material in mould, form a kind of oneself and support the moulded body that is shaped, and after this, before step d), described moulded body is drawn off from this mould.
6, method according to claim 2, it is characterized by this abrasive material is cubic boron nitride.
7, method according to claim 2 is characterized by the mixture that this abrasive material is cubic boron nitride abrasive materials and aloxite (AI abrasive material.
8, method according to claim 2 is characterized by before abrasive material and steps that other batchings of making vitreous bonded abrasive article are mixed mutually, comprises a step that abrasive material and shrinkage control agent are mixed mutually.
9, method according to claim 2 is characterized by the used amount of this shrinkage control agent and is from 1% to 10% volume ratio scope based on product volume.
10, method according to claim 3, it is characterized by the initial thing of this vitrescence matrix is a kind of frit.
11, method according to claim 4, it is characterized by this abrasive material is cubic boron nitride.
12, method according to claim 4, it is characterized by the initial thing of this vitrescence matrix is a kind of frit.
13, method according to claim 8, it is characterized by this shrinkage control agent is non-abrasive hexagonal boron nitride.
14, method according to claim 9, the amount that it is characterized by this shrinkage control agent are based on the amount of volume ratio of from 4% to 8% scope of this product volume.
15, method according to claim 11 is characterized by this hexagonal boron nitride use amount and is in the amount based on the volume ratio of from 1% to 10% scope of this product volume.
16, a kind of vitreous bonded abrasive article of producing by improving one's methods with porosity of 20% to 55% volume ratio scope, this method may further comprise the steps:
A) abrasive material and the initial thing of vitrescence matrix are mixed, form a kind of uniform mixture,
B) this mixture is put among the mould,
C) this mixture is pressurizeed in mould, form a compacting body and
D) under the temperature of the vitrescence matrix that the initial thing of vitrescence matrix is transformed into bond together, heat the body of this compacting with abrasive material,
It is characterized by improvements comprises: a shrinkage control agent that shrink to reduce effective dose and abrasive material and the vitrescence step that initial thing mixes mutually that bonds, described controlling agent is a kind of no covering, non-abrasive material, nonmetal, granular inorganic solid.
17, a kind of vitreous bonded abrasive article according to claim 16, it is characterized in that this shrinkage control agent is a kind ofly to select from following group, no covering, nonmetal, nonmetal, the granular inorganic solid of Mohs' hardness within 1 to 4 scope, this group is formed: (1) contains aerobic and a kind of mineral matter and (2) hexagonal boron nitride in silicon, aluminium, the magnesium elements at least.
18, vitreous bonded abrasive article according to claim 17 is characterized in that this shrinkage control agent is a kind of aerobic and a kind of mineral matter in silicon, aluminium, the magnesium elements at least of containing.
19, vitreous bonded abrasive article according to claim 17 is characterized in that this shrinkage control agent is a hexagonal boron nitride.
20, vitreous bonded abrasive article according to claim 17 is characterized in that this abrasive material is a cubic boron nitride.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/824,644 US5178644A (en) | 1992-01-23 | 1992-01-23 | Method for making vitreous bonded abrasive article and article made by the method |
| US07/824,644 | 1992-01-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1079685A true CN1079685A (en) | 1993-12-22 |
Family
ID=25241950
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93102084.0A Pending CN1079685A (en) | 1992-01-23 | 1993-01-22 | Make the method for vitreous bonded abrasive article and the product made from this method |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5178644A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0577805B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2704044B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR0179397B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1079685A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE150351T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69308940T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993014906A1 (en) |
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- 1992-01-23 US US07/824,644 patent/US5178644A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-01-05 WO PCT/US1993/000037 patent/WO1993014906A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-01-05 JP JP5513235A patent/JP2704044B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-05 KR KR1019930702850A patent/KR0179397B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-05 AT AT93902921T patent/ATE150351T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-05 DE DE69308940T patent/DE69308940T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-05 EP EP93902921A patent/EP0577805B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-22 CN CN93102084.0A patent/CN1079685A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101636249B (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2012-07-04 | 3M创新有限公司 | Abrasive composition and article formed therefrom |
| CN101678532B (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2012-07-04 | 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 | Bonded abrasive article and method of making |
| CN103826801A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2014-05-28 | 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 | Bonded abrasives formed by uniaxial hot pressing |
| CN107000168A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-08-01 | 3M创新有限公司 | Bonded abrasive article and manufacture method |
| CN107708930A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2018-02-16 | 阪东化学株式会社 | Grind material and grind the manufacture method of material |
| CN107708930B (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2019-10-01 | 阪东化学株式会社 | It grinds material and grinds the manufacturing method of material |
| CN108472787A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2018-08-31 | 3M创新有限公司 | The method for preparing metal bonding and vitreous bond abrasive product and abrasive article precursor |
| CN107553355A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-09 | 柳州凯通新材料科技有限公司 | Material for skive |
| CN109822468A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-05-31 | 东莞富兰地工具股份有限公司 | The preparation method of bistrique material, grinding tool and grinding tool |
| CN109822468B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2020-08-18 | 东莞富兰地工具股份有限公司 | Grinding head material, grinding tool and preparation method of grinding tool |
| CN114714264A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-08 | 昆山耐信金刚石工具有限公司 | Superhard CBN (cubic boron nitride) ceramic grinding wheel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114714264B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2024-03-19 | 昆山耐信金刚石工具有限公司 | Superhard CBN ceramic grinding wheel and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5178644A (en) | 1993-01-12 |
| KR0179397B1 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
| EP0577805A4 (en) | 1994-06-08 |
| WO1993014906A1 (en) | 1993-08-05 |
| DE69308940D1 (en) | 1997-04-24 |
| EP0577805A1 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
| JP2704044B2 (en) | 1998-01-26 |
| DE69308940T2 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
| EP0577805B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
| JPH06506404A (en) | 1994-07-21 |
| ATE150351T1 (en) | 1997-04-15 |
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