CN107964595A - The preparation method of cavity liner high-purity fine grain pure copper material - Google Patents
The preparation method of cavity liner high-purity fine grain pure copper material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107964595A CN107964595A CN201711284048.XA CN201711284048A CN107964595A CN 107964595 A CN107964595 A CN 107964595A CN 201711284048 A CN201711284048 A CN 201711284048A CN 107964595 A CN107964595 A CN 107964595A
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- DZXKSFDSPBRJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Sn+2] DZXKSFDSPBRJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010274 multidirectional forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007903 penetration ability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011154 composite armour Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/228—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of cavity liner high-purity fine grain pure copper material, including melting, dynamic recrystallization treatment step, the melting use vacuum electron beam melting, vacuum >=2 × 10‑3Pa.Pure copper material impurity content prepared by the present invention is low, uniform small grains, and respectively good to consistency of performance, can be obviously improved the penetration property of Shaped charge warhead's cavity liner.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of metal material, more particularly to a kind of cavity liner system of high-purity fine grain pure copper material
Preparation Method.
Background technology
Foreign study mechanism is to shaped charge material, interior tissue (grain size, pattern, crystal boundary etc.), manufacturing process and broken first
Relation between performance has been made largely and in-depth study.The result shows that shaped charge material, crystallite dimension, crystal grain are orientated and it
Its internal performance parameter influences Penetration Ability substantially, and wherein shaped charge material impurity element, crystallite dimension are that influence is penetration resistance
The key factor of the inherent quality of energy.
Copper as beehive-shaped charge warhead cavity liner developing history more than 50 years existing, adopt by existing 98% Shaped charge warhead
With copper conic liner, a large amount of armor-penetrating test researchs show that the cavity liner manufactured using hot rolling, the copper bar material extruded or plate is average
20~45 μm of crystallite dimension, breaks first Penetration less than 9 times powder charge bores, has not adapted to reactive armor of new generation, ceramics dress
The development of first, composite armour.In order to further excavate the potentiality of cavity liner pure copper material, from solid jet length and penetration prestige
Relevance between power, and the crystal boundary theory of metal material are set out, and pure copper material grain structure more fine uniform, purity are more
Height, ductility is better, and the jet breakup time can extend, and further lift warhead injures power.
By consulting literatures data and standard, it is (special pure that the country for cavity liner has formulated GJB1139-1991 with plate
Copper coin specification), it is specified that the technical indicator such as T2, T2A fine copper board dimension specification, mechanical property, grain size；Zhang Quanxiao et al. is adopted
With vacuum melting-forging-multi-oriented cross- rolling technique, the copper coin of different size is obtained, 235~240MPa of tensile strength, extends
Rate 57~60%, using flow forming and molding process, cavity liner average grain size≤10 μm of preparation, the φ on 200 type benchmark bullets
56 bore cavity liners, averagely broken first are worn as deep as to 250mm, (referring to Zhang Quanxiao, deformation technique is to copper conic liner material shaped charge action
Influence [J], Arms Material scientific and engineering, 1999,1,38-40).The pure copper material such as TU1, T2, T2A of business is not
Developed according to cavity liner Special use performance, the influence Penetration Abilities such as impurity element is more, crystallite dimension is uneven.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that be to provide a kind of preparation method of cavity liner high-purity fine grain pure copper material,
Make the pure copper material impurity content of preparation low, uniform small grains, and it is respectively good to consistency of performance, first fight can be obviously improved brokenly
The penetration property of portion's cavity liner.
The present invention is realized by following technical proposal：
A kind of preparation method of cavity liner high-purity fine grain pure copper material, including melting, dynamic recrystallization treatment step, institute
State melting and use vacuum electron beam melting, vacuum >=2 × 10-3Pa。
Preferably, the electronic torch melting is twice, melting once speed (80~120) kg/h, ingot blank rotates throwing speed
Spend (2~4) mm/min；Secondary smelting speed (100~150) kg/h, ingot blank rotation casting speed (3~6) mm/min.
In order to further improve product purity and fine grain degree, dynamic recrystallization treatment step is included after the melting, is recrystallized
135~250 DEG C of heat treatment temperature, 30~75min of soaking time, cools to less than 100 DEG C with the furnace, vacuum >=3 × 10-3Pa。
Multiway forging cogging, reverse temperature field extruding are further included after above-mentioned melting before dynamic recrystallization treatment；Blank heating arrives
150~300 DEG C, multiway forging, single forging ratio >=2.5, forging times 3~6 times are carried out on 75000kN forging hammers；Reversely temperature
Spend 100~200 DEG C of heating-up temperature of field extruding, 5~15mm/s of extruding rate
Specifically, the above-mentioned cavity liner preparation method of high-purity fine grain pure copper material, comprises the following steps：
(1) preparation of blank：T2, T3 fine copper bar, dimensions 90~120mm of φ, using under sawing are used using business
Expect for 500~800mm of length, remove the oxide and greasy dirt on surface.
(2) vacuum electron beam melting：Electron beam furnace of the power for 900kw is used, it is pure to carry out secondary beam melting
Purification, working chamber vacuum >=2 × 10-3Pa。
(3) homogenization heat treatment：Blank obtained by step (2) is kept the temperature in vacuum heat treatment furnace under the conditions of 450~650 DEG C
Anneal 2~5h, then cools to less than 100 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove, vacuum >=3 × 10-3Pa。
(4) multiway forging cogging：By blank heating obtained by step (3) to 150~300 DEG C, carried out on 75000kN forging hammers
Multiway forging, single forging ratio >=2.5, forging times 3~6 times, are stripped off the skin by car base, sawing, prepare φ (135~
210) × 250mm copper rod bases.
(5) reverse temperature field extrudes：Blank obtained by step (4) is put into extrusion die system, mould heating-up temperature 100
~200 DEG C, 5~15mm/s of extruding rate, prepare φ 50~70mm copper bar materials.
(6) dynamic recrystallization treatment：Copper bar material obtained by step (5) is subjected to oil removing and removing surface, is put into vacuum heat
Dynamic recrystallization treatment is carried out in stove, 135~250 DEG C of heat treatment temperature, soaking time 30~75min clocks, cool to 100 DEG C with the furnace
Come out of the stove below, vacuum >=3 × 10-3Pa, to obtain uniform tissue.
Single forging ratio >=2.5 in the step (4), refer to copper blank forging anterior and posterior height dimension ratio；Forging times 3~
6 times, according to ingot blank specification, ensure that blank core structure is refined.
Extrusion die system in the step (5), is the metal die with heating and attemperator, installed in 3600t
On Horizontal hydraulic extruder.
Beneficial effect
The present invention removes metal, nonmetallic inclusion element in fine copper blank, improves sublimate；Ingot blank different directions obtain
Large plastometric set, crushes solidified structure；The frictional force of extrusion billet and mold members is reduced, improves edge, center portion in extrusion process
Metal flow uneven phenomenon, improves bar stock diametric(al) structural homogenity；Finally obtain uniform fine grained texture.The present invention overcomes
Serious etc. the technical barrier of business fine copper bar impurity content height, tissue odds, anisotropy, while also has production efficiency
Height, technology stability is good, is easily industrialized the advantages that production.
(1) material purity is high.The impurity contents such as S, P, Pb, Bi, O, Zn are effectively reduced, improve the plasticity of material,
Impurity content reduces about 30 times, and copper content reaches 49.
(2) material property is stablized.It is pure using electronic torch melting+multiway forging cogging+reverse temperature field technological process of extruding
Copper bar material room temperature tensile 262~275MPa of intensity, elongation 61~66%.
(3) material recovery rate is high.Using electronic torch melting+multiway forging cogging+reverse temperature field technological process of extruding, material
Material recovery rate reaches 75%.
Brief description of the drawings
The T2 copper rods tissue (50 times of amplification, about 250 μm of average grain size) that Fig. 1 dimensions is φ 120mm
The T2-1 copper rods tissue (500 times of amplification, about 2.8-5 μm of average grain size) that Fig. 2 dimensions is φ 50mm
The T3 copper rods tissue (50 times of amplification, about 130 μm of average grain size) that Fig. 3 dimensions is φ 90mm
The T3-1 copper rods tissue (500 times of amplification, about 2.8-5 μm of average grain size) that Fig. 4 dimensions is φ 50mm
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of cavity liner high-purity fine grain pure copper material, carries out according to the following steps：
(1) preparation of blank：T2 fine copper bars are used using business, dimensions is φ 120mm, and average grain size is about
250 μm (such as Fig. 1), impurity content is as shown in table 1.Sawing is used as length 500mm, remove the oxide on surface with
Greasy dirt.
The impurity content of 1 T2 copper bar materials of table
| The trade mark | P | Bi | Sb | As | Fe | Ni | Sn | S | 0 | Pb | Zn | Summation |
| T2 | 60 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 50 | 200 | 20 | 40 | 380 | 120 | 40 | 1000 |
(2) vacuum electron beam melting：Electron beam furnace of the power for 900kw is used, it is pure to carry out secondary beam melting
Purification, Cu crystallizer are φ 250mm, working chamber vacuum >=2 × 10-3Pa, melting once speed 100kg/h, ingot blank rotation are drawn
Base speed 3mm/min；Secondary smelting speed 120kg/h, ingot blank rotation casting speed 4mm/min.Using modern material analysis side
Method, impurity content is as shown in table 2, and impurity content declines clearly.
The impurity content of 2 ingot blank of table
| The trade mark | P | Bi | Sb | As | Fe | Ni | Sn | S | 0 | Pb | Zn | Summation |
| T2-1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 35 |
(3) homogenization heat treatment：By blank obtained by step (2) in vacuum heat treatment furnace, 560 DEG C of holding temperature, insulation
Time 3h, then cool to 80 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove, vacuum >=3 × 10-3Pa, to obtain uniform tissue.
(4) multiway forging cogging：By blank heating obtained by step (3) to 250 DEG C, carried out on 75000kN forging hammers multidirectional
Forging, forging times 3 times, forging ratio 3, is stripped off the skin by car base, sawing, prepares φ 180 × 250mm copper rod bases.
(5) reverse temperature field extrudes：Extrusion die system is installed on 3600t Horizontal hydraulic extruders first, to mould
Having heating and thermal insulation, technique is 135 DEG C × 2h, blank obtained by step (4) is put into extrusion die system, extruding rate 6mm/s,
Prepare φ 50mm copper bar materials.
(6) dynamic recrystallization treatment：Copper bar material obtained by step (5) is subjected to oil removing and removing surface, is put into vacuum heat
Dynamic recrystallization treatment is carried out in stove, 210 DEG C of heat treatment temperature, soaking time 45min clocks, cool to 80 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove, vacuum
Degree >=3 × 10-3Pa, to obtain uniform tissue.
By fine copper blank obtained above, drawn using metallographic microstructure, average grain size 2.8~5 μm (Fig. 2)；
Using Mechanics Performance Testing, room temperature tensile 265~273MPa of intensity, 173~184MPa of yield strength, elongation 63~66%,
Section yield 85~88%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of cavity liner high-purity fine grain pure copper material, carries out according to the following steps：
(1) preparation of blank：T3 fine copper bars are used using business, dimensions is φ 90mm, average grain size about 130
μm (such as Fig. 3), impurity content is as shown in table 3.Sawing is used as length 800mm, removes the oxide and oil on surface
It is dirty.
The impurity content (× 10 of 3 T3 copper bar materials of table-6)
(2) vacuum electron beam melting：Electron beam furnace of the power for 900kw is used, it is pure to carry out secondary beam melting
Purification, Cu crystallizer are φ 250mm, working chamber vacuum >=2 × 10-3Pa, melting once speed 80kg/h, ingot blank rotation throwing
Speed 2mm/min；Secondary smelting speed 100kg/h, ingot blank rotation casting speed 3.5mm/min.Using modern material analysis side
Method, impurity content is as shown in table 4, and impurity content significantly reduces.
The impurity content (× 10 of 4 ingot blank of table-6)
| The trade mark | P | Bi | Sb | As | Fe | Ni | Sn | S | 0 | Pb | Zn | Summation |
| T3-1 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 79 |
(3) homogenization heat treatment：By blank obtained by step (2) in vacuum heat treatment furnace, 600 DEG C of holding temperature, insulation
Time 2h, then cool to 80 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove, vacuum >=3 × 10-3Pa, to obtain uniform tissue.
(4) multiway forging cogging：By blank heating obtained by step (3) to 280 DEG C, carried out on 75000kN forging hammers multidirectional
Forging, forging times 3 times, forging ratio 4, is stripped off the skin by car base, sawing, prepares φ 210 × 250mm copper rod bases.
(5) reverse temperature field extrudes：Extrusion die system is installed on 3600t Horizontal hydraulic extruders first, to mould
Having heating and thermal insulation, technique is 150 DEG C × 2h, blank obtained by step (4) is put into extrusion die system, extruding rate 8mm/s,
Prepare φ 50mm copper bar materials.
(6) dynamic recrystallization treatment：Copper bar material obtained by step (5) is subjected to oil removing and removing surface, is put into vacuum heat
Dynamic recrystallization treatment is carried out in stove, 230 DEG C of heat treatment temperature, soaking time 45min clocks, cool to 80 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove, vacuum
Degree >=3 × 10-3Pa, to obtain uniform tissue.
By fine copper blank obtained above, drawn using metallographic microstructure, average grain size 2.8~5 μm (Fig. 4)；
Using Mechanics Performance Testing, room temperature tensile 263~269MPa of intensity, 168~176MPa of yield strength, elongation 61~65%,
Section yield 83~86%.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cavity liner preparation method of high-purity fine grain pure copper material, including melting, dynamic recrystallization treatment step, described
Melting uses vacuum electron beam melting, vacuum >=2 × 10-3Pa。
2. the cavity liner as claimed in claim 1 or 2 preparation method of high-purity fine grain pure copper material, the electronic torch melting are
Twice, the electronic torch melting is melting once speed twice（80~120）Kg/h, ingot blank rotation casting speed（2~4）mm/
min；Secondary smelting speed（100~150）Kg/h, ingot blank rotation casting speed（3~6）mm/min.
3. the preparation method of cavity liner high-purity fine grain pure copper material, includes after the melting as described in claim 1,2 or 3
Dynamic recrystallization treatment step, 135~250 DEG C of dynamic recrystallization treatment temperature, 30~75min of soaking time, cools to 100 DEG C with the furnace
Hereinafter, vacuum >=3 × 10-3Pa。
4. the preparation method of cavity liner high-purity fine grain pure copper material as described in claim 1-3 is any, after the melting again
Crystallization heat before processing further includes multiway forging cogging, reverse temperature field extruding；Blank heating is to 150~300 DEG C, in 75000kN
Multiway forging, single forging ratio >=2.5, forging times 3~6 times are carried out on forging hammer；Reverse temperature field extruding heating-up temperature 100~
200 DEG C, 5~15mm/s of extruding rate.
5. the cavity liner preparation method of high-purity fine grain pure copper material, comprises the following steps as described in claim 1-4 is any：
（1）The preparation of blank：Using fine copper bar；
（2）Vacuum electron beam melting：Vacuum >=2 × 10-3Pa, using secondary beam melting sublimate；Melting once speed
（80~120）Kg/h, ingot blank rotation casting speed（2~4）mm/min；Secondary smelting speed（100~150）Kg/h, ingot blank rotation
Turn casting speed（3~6）mm/min；
（3）Homogenization heat treatment：By step（2）Gained blank insulation annealing under the conditions of 450~650 DEG C in vacuum heat treatment furnace
2~5h, then cool to less than 100 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove, vacuum >=3 × 10-3Pa；
（4）Multiway forging cogging：By step（3）Gained blank heating carries out multidirectional to 150~300 DEG C on 75000kN forging hammers
Forging, single forging ratio >=2.5, forging times 3~6 times；
（5）Reverse temperature field extrudes：By step（4）Gained blank is put into extrusion die system, and mould heating-up temperature 100~
200 DEG C, 5~15mm/s of extruding rate；
（6）Dynamic recrystallization treatment：By step（5）Gained copper bar material carries out oil removing and removing surface, is put into vacuum heat treatment furnace
Dynamic recrystallization treatment is carried out, 135~250 DEG C of heat treatment temperature, soaking time 30~75min clocks, cool to less than 100 DEG C with the furnace
Come out of the stove, vacuum >=3 × 10-3Pa。
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114134438A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-04 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Preparation method of fine-grain weak-texture tissue blank for shaped charge liner |
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| CN107964595B (en) | 2020-04-07 |
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