CN107964595B - Preparation method of high-purity fine-grain pure copper material for shaped charge liner - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-purity fine-grain pure copper material for shaped charge liner Download PDFInfo
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010274 multidirectional forging Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- DZXKSFDSPBRJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Sn+2] DZXKSFDSPBRJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/228—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-purity fine-grain pure copper material for a shaped charge liner, which comprises the steps of smelting and recrystallization heat treatment, wherein the smelting adopts vacuum electron beam smelting, and the vacuum degree is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10‑3Pa. The pure copper material prepared by the method has low impurity content, fine and uniform crystal grains and good performance consistency in all directions, and can obviously improve the penetration performance of the armor-breaking warhead shaped charge liner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a preparation method of a high-purity fine-grain pure copper material for a shaped charge liner.
Background
Foreign research institutions have made a great deal of intensive research on the relationship among liner materials, internal structures (grain size, morphology, grain boundaries, etc.), manufacturing processes and armor-breaking properties. The results show that liner materials, grain sizes, grain orientations and other intrinsic performance parameters have obvious influence on penetration capacity, wherein impurity elements and grain sizes of the liner materials are key factors influencing the intrinsic quality of penetration performance.
The copper has been developed for more than 50 years as a shaped charge liner for the shaped charge warhead, 98% of the existing armor-breaking warhead adopts the shaped charge liner, and a large number of armor-breaking test researches show that the shaped charge liner made of hot-rolled and extruded copper bars or plates has an average grain size of 20-45 mu m and armor-breaking penetration power of less than 9 times of charge caliber, and cannot adapt to the development of a new generation of reactive armor, ceramic armor and composite armor. In order to further develop the potential of the pure copper material for the liner, the correlation between the continuous jet length and the penetration power and the grain boundary theory of the metal material are started, the grain structure of the pure copper material is finer and uniform, the purity is higher, the ductility is better, the jet fracture time can be prolonged, and the damage power of a warhead is further improved.
By consulting literature data and standards, GJB1139-1991 (special pure copper plate specification) is established for the plate material for the shaped charge liner in China, and technical indexes such as size specification, mechanical property, grain size and the like of T2 and T2A pure copper plate materials are specified; zhang quanxiao et al adopt vacuum melting-forging-multidirectional cross rolling process to obtain copper plates with different specifications, the tensile strength is 235-240 MPa, the elongation is 57-60%, the spin forming process is applied, the average grain size of the prepared liner is less than or equal to 10 μm, the average broken nail penetration depth reaches 250mm on a 200-type benchmark bomb with phi 56 caliber liner (refer to Zhang quanxiao, the influence of deformation process on the nail breaking performance of copper liner material [ J ], weapon material science and engineering, 1999, 1, 38-40). The pure copper materials such as TU1, T2 and T2A used in commerce are not developed according to the special use performance of the liner, and the penetration capability is influenced by a large amount of impurity elements, uneven grain size and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-purity fine-grain pure copper material for a liner, so that the prepared pure copper material has low impurity content, fine and uniform crystal grains and good performance consistency in all directions, and the penetration performance of the liner-breaking warhead liner can be obviously improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a high-purity fine-grain pure copper material for a shaped charge liner comprises the steps of smelting and recrystallization heat treatment, wherein the smelting adopts vacuum electron beam smelting, and the vacuum degree is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa。
Preferably, the electron beam melting is carried out twice, the primary melting speed is 80-120 kg/h, and the ingot blank rotary blank drawing speed is 2-4 mm/min; the secondary smelting speed (100-150) kg/h and the ingot blank rotary blank-drawing speed (3-6) mm/min.
In order to further improve the purity and the fine grain degree of the product, the smelting comprises recrystallization heat treatmentThe recrystallization heat treatment temperature is 135-250 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-75 min, the temperature is cooled to be below 100 ℃ along with the furnace, and the vacuum degree is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa。
The steps of multi-directional forging cogging and reverse temperature field extrusion are also included before the recrystallization heat treatment after smelting; heating the blank to 150-300 ℃, and performing multidirectional forging on a 75000kN forging hammer, wherein the single forging ratio is more than or equal to 2.5, and the forging times are 3-6; the extrusion heating temperature of the reverse temperature field is 100-200 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 5-15 mm/s
Specifically, the preparation method of the high-purity fine-grain pure copper material for the liner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a blank: the method is characterized in that commercial T2 and T3 pure copper bars with the size specification of phi 90-120 mm are adopted, sawing is adopted for blanking to the length of 500-800 mm, and oxides and oil stains on the surface are removed.
(2) Vacuum electron beam melting: adopting an electron beam melting furnace with the power of 900kw for secondary electron beam melting and purifying, wherein the vacuum degree of the melting chamber is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa。
(3) Homogenizing heat treatment: annealing the blank obtained in the step (2) in a vacuum heat treatment furnace at 450-650 ℃ for 2-5 h, cooling to below 100 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging, wherein the vacuum degree is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa。
(4) Multidirectional forging and cogging: and (3) heating the blank obtained in the step (3) to 150-300 ℃, performing multidirectional forging on a 75000kN forging hammer, wherein the single forging ratio is more than or equal to 2.5, the forging times are 3-6, and preparing a phi (135-210) multiplied by 250mm copper bar blank by turning a blank, peeling off, sawing and blanking.
(5) And (3) extruding in a reverse temperature field: and (5) putting the blank obtained in the step (4) into an extrusion die system, heating the die at 100-200 ℃, and extruding at the extrusion speed of 5-15 mm/s to prepare the copper bar with the diameter of 50-70 mm.
(6) Recrystallization heat treatment: deoiling and surface cleaning the copper bar obtained in the step (5), putting the copper bar into a vacuum heat treatment furnace for recrystallization heat treatment, cooling the copper bar to be below 100 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the copper bar from the furnace, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 135-250 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-75 min, and the vacuum degree is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa to obtain a uniform tissue.
The single forging ratio in the step (4) is more than or equal to 2.5, and refers to the ratio of the height to the size of the copper blank before and after forging; forging for 3-6 times, and refining the core structure of the blank according to the specification of the ingot blank.
And (5) the extrusion die system is a metal die with a heating and heat-insulating device and is arranged on a 3600t horizontal hydraulic extruder.
Advantageous effects
The invention removes metal and nonmetal impurity elements in the pure copper blank, and improves the purification; the ingot blank obtains large plastic deformation in different directions, and a solidification structure is crushed; the friction force between the extruded blank and a die piece is reduced, the phenomenon of uneven metal flow at the edge part and the core part in the extrusion process is improved, and the structure uniformity of the bar blank in the diameter direction is improved; finally obtaining uniform fine crystal structure. The invention overcomes the technical problems of high impurity content, uneven structure, serious anisotropy and the like of commercial pure copper bars, and has the advantages of high production efficiency, good process stability, easy realization of industrial production and the like.
(1) The material purity is high. Effectively reduces the content of S, P, Pb, Bi, O, Zn and other impurity elements, improves the plasticity of the material, reduces the content of the impurity elements by about 30 times, and ensures that the content of copper reaches 4 and 9.
(2) The material performance is stable. By adopting the process method of electron beam melting, multidirectional forging cogging and reverse temperature field extrusion, the pure copper bar has the room-temperature tensile strength of 262-275 MPa and the elongation of 61-66%.
(3) The material yield is high. By adopting the process methods of electron beam melting, multidirectional forging and cogging and reverse temperature field extrusion, the material yield reaches 75 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a T2 copper bar structure (50 times magnification, average grain size about 250 μm) with a size specification of phi 120mm
FIG. 2 shows a T2-1 copper bar structure with a dimension of phi 50mm (500 times magnification, average grain size of about 2.8-5 μm)
FIG. 3 shows a T3 copper bar structure with a dimension of 90mm (50 times magnification, average grain size of about 130 μm)
FIG. 4 shows a T3-1 copper bar structure with a dimension of phi 50mm (500 times magnification, average grain size of about 2.8-5 μm)
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-purity fine-grain pure copper material for a shaped charge liner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a blank: a commercial T2 pure copper rod was used, with a specification of 120mm diameter, an average grain size of about 250 μm (see FIG. 1), and impurity element contents as shown in Table 1. Sawing and blanking to 500mm in length to remove oxides and oil stains on the surface.
TABLE 1T 2 content of impurity elements in copper bar
Number plate | P | Bi | Sb | As | Fe | Ni | Sn | S | 0 | Pb | Zn | Sum of |
T2 | 60 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 50 | 200 | 20 | 40 | 380 | 120 | 40 | 1000 |
(2) Vacuum electron beam melting: an electron beam melting furnace with the power of 900kw is adopted for secondary electron beam melting and purification, a copper crystallizer is phi 250mm, the vacuum degree of the melting chamber is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, the primary smelting speed is 100kg/h, and the ingot blank rotary blank-drawing speed is 3 mm/min; the secondary smelting speed is 120kg/h, and the ingot blank rotary throwing speed is 4 mm/min. By adopting a modern material analysis method, the content of impurity elements is shown in table 2, and the content of the impurity elements is reduced obviously.
TABLE 2 content of impurity elements in ingot
Number plate | P | Bi | Sb | As | Fe | Ni | Sn | S | 0 | Pb | Zn | Sum of |
T2-1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 35 |
(3) Homogenizing heat treatment: putting the blank obtained in the step (2) in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, keeping the temperature at 560 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3h, cooling to 80 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the blank from the furnace, and keeping the vacuum degree at more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa to obtain a uniform tissue.
(4) Multidirectional forging and cogging: and (4) heating the blank obtained in the step (3) to 250 ℃, carrying out multidirectional forging on a 75000kN forging hammer for 3 times with a forging ratio of 3, and preparing the copper bar blank with the diameter of 180 mm multiplied by 250mm by turning the blank, peeling off the blank, and sawing and blanking.
(5) And (3) extruding in a reverse temperature field: firstly, an extrusion die system is arranged on a 3600t horizontal hydraulic extruder, the die is heated and insulated, the process is 135 ℃ multiplied by 2h, the blank obtained in the step (4) is placed into the extrusion die system, the extrusion speed is 6mm/s, and the phi 50mm copper bar is prepared.
(6) Recrystallization heat treatment: deoiling and surface cleaning the copper bar obtained in the step (5), putting the copper bar into a vacuum heat treatment furnace for recrystallization heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 45min, the copper bar is cooled to 80 ℃ along with the furnace, and the copper bar is discharged from the furnace, and the vacuum degree is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa to obtain a uniform tissue.
Obtaining the obtained pure copper blank by adopting a metallographic microstructure, wherein the average grain size is 2.8-5 mu m (figure 2); the mechanical property test is adopted, the room-temperature tensile strength is 265-273 MPa, the yield strength is 173-184 MPa, the elongation is 63-66%, and the section yield is 85-88%.
Example 2
A preparation method of a high-purity fine-grain pure copper material for a shaped charge liner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a blank: a commercial T3 pure copper rod was used, having a size of 90mm, an average grain size of about 130 μm (see FIG. 3), and impurity element contents as shown in Table 3. Sawing and blanking to 800mm in length to remove oxides and oil stains on the surface.
TABLE 3 impurity element content (X10) of T3 copper bar-6)
(2) Vacuum electron beam meltingSmelting: an electron beam melting furnace with the power of 900kw is adopted for secondary electron beam melting and purification, a copper crystallizer is phi 250mm, the vacuum degree of the melting chamber is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, the primary smelting speed is 80kg/h, and the ingot blank rotary blank drawing speed is 2 mm/min; the secondary smelting speed is 100kg/h, and the ingot blank rotary throwing speed is 3.5 mm/min. By adopting a modern material analysis method, the content of impurity elements is shown in table 4, and the content of the impurity elements is obviously reduced.
TABLE 4 impurity element content (. times.10) of ingot-6)
Number plate | P | Bi | Sb | As | Fe | Ni | Sn | S | 0 | Pb | Zn | Sum of |
T3-1 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 79 |
(3) Homogenizing heat treatment: putting the blank obtained in the step (2) in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, keeping the temperature at 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, then cooling to 80 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the blank from the furnace, and keeping the vacuum degree to be more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa to obtain a uniform tissue.
(4) Multidirectional forging and cogging: and (4) heating the blank obtained in the step (3) to 280 ℃, performing multidirectional forging on a 75000kN forging hammer for 3 times with a forging ratio of 4, and preparing the phi 210X 250mm copper bar blank by turning the blank, peeling off the blank, and sawing and blanking.
(5) And (3) extruding in a reverse temperature field: firstly, an extrusion die system is arranged on a 3600t horizontal hydraulic extruder, the die is heated and insulated, the process is 150 ℃ multiplied by 2h, the blank obtained in the step (4) is placed into the extrusion die system, the extrusion speed is 8mm/s, and the phi 50mm copper bar is prepared.
(6) Recrystallization heat treatment: deoiling and surface cleaning the copper bar obtained in the step (5), putting the copper bar into a vacuum heat treatment furnace for recrystallization heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 230 ℃, the heat preservation time is 45min, the copper bar is cooled to 80 ℃ along with the furnace, and the copper bar is discharged from the furnace, and the vacuum degree is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa to obtain a uniform tissue.
Obtaining the obtained pure copper blank by adopting a metallographic microstructure, wherein the average grain size is 2.8-5 mu m (figure 4); mechanical property tests are adopted, wherein the room-temperature tensile strength is 263-269 MPa, the yield strength is 168-176 MPa, the elongation is 61-65%, and the section yield is 83-86%.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of a high-purity fine-grain pure copper material for a liner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a blank: adopting a pure copper bar;
(2) vacuum electron beam melting: vacuum degree is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, adopting secondary electron beam smelting and purifying; the primary smelting speed is 80-120 kg/h, and the ingot blank rotary blank-drawing speed is 2-4 mm/min; the secondary smelting speed is 100-150 kg/h, and the rotary blank drawing speed of the ingot blank is 3-6 mm/min;
(3) homogenizing heat treatment: annealing the blank obtained in the step (2) in a vacuum heat treatment furnace at 450-650 ℃ for 2-5 h, cooling to below 100 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging, wherein the vacuum degree is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa;
(4) Multidirectional forging and cogging: heating the blank obtained in the step (3) to 150-300 ℃, and performing multidirectional forging on a 75000kN forging hammer, wherein the single forging ratio is more than or equal to 2.5, and the forging times are 3-6;
(5) and (3) extruding in a reverse temperature field: putting the blank obtained in the step (4) into an extrusion die system, wherein the heating temperature of the die is 100-200 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 5-15 mm/s;
(6) recrystallization heat treatment: deoiling and surface cleaning the copper bar obtained in the step (5), putting the copper bar into a vacuum heat treatment furnace for recrystallization heat treatment, cooling the copper bar to be below 100 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the copper bar from the furnace, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 135-250 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-75 min, and the vacuum degree is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa。
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CN101280430A (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2008-10-08 | 金川集团有限公司 | Preparation of hyperpure copper |
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