CN107952965B - 一种梅花内六角冲针及针头的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种梅花内六角冲针及针头的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107952965B
CN107952965B CN201711294531.6A CN201711294531A CN107952965B CN 107952965 B CN107952965 B CN 107952965B CN 201711294531 A CN201711294531 A CN 201711294531A CN 107952965 B CN107952965 B CN 107952965B
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谢兴铖
曹瑞军
林中坤
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GRIMN Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于金属冲压技术领域,特别涉及一种梅花内六角冲针及针头的制备方法。该梅花内六角冲针为A型冲针,包含T头、针杆和针头;其中T头和针杆为高速钢材料;针头为硬质合金材料,以质量百分数计,包括混合粉末92.5~94.5%,成型剂5.5~7.5%;混合粉末包含WC 83.5~88.5%和Co 11~16%,还包括Cr3C2或VC 0.3~0.65%;成型剂由石蜡、低分子耦合剂和高分子聚合物组成。针头的制备方法包括球磨、混炼、制粒、注射成形、脱脂和烧结等工艺;根据本发明制备的梅花内六角冲针的强度、硬度、耐高温性、耐磨性、韧性等性能优异,生产成本低,使用寿命长,产品一致性好,废品率低于3‰。

Description

一种梅花内六角冲针及针头的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于金属冲压技术领域,特别涉及一种梅花内六角冲针及针头的制备方法。
背景技术
在冷冲压加工中,冲压模具用于将金属或非金属材料加工成零件或半成品。冲针又名冲头,是冲压模具工作中必不可少的配件,属于可更换的模具耗材;安装在冲压模具上的冲针进行连续冲裁冲压冲断作业,使被加工材料发生分离或塑性变形,从而获得所需要的成品或者半成品。
目前,用于实际生产冲针的材料主要为钢铁或硬质合金,在大批量的五金产品生产中,存在磨损、变形、粘料等缺陷,造成废品率高、冲针使用寿命短的问题。而硬质合金具有高强度、高硬度和高耐磨性的优点,有助于提高产品一致性、降低废品率、延长使用寿命、提高生产效率;但在实际生产中,其硬质合金冲针的后续加工工序多、难度大、成本高等问题日益突出,且仅局限于形状简单、成型面较平整的产品生产。因此,开发一种生产成本低、使用寿命长的硬质合金冲针,特别是对于梅花内六角螺钉这种形状复杂类冲针的生产,具有极大商业价值。
粉末注射成形的主要优点在于能实现形状复杂零件的低成本精密成形,能精确制造具有复杂形状特征的高性能零件,如各种外部切槽、外螺纹、锥形内表面和外表面、交叉孔和盲孔等等,具有以上特征的零件都是用常规粉末冶金方法无法得到的。
然而,在粉末注射成形中,硬质合金喂料强度和密度低、流动性差,其注射过程是一个非牛顿流体的非等温、非均匀、非稳态复杂流动过程,表现出流动性差、凝固速度快,易造成型腔充填不满,毛坯易断裂,易出现欠注、孔洞、变形、断裂、毛边、夹心、密度梯度、表面缺陷和生坯单重不一等结构缺陷。因此,采用合理的硬质合金粉末注射工艺十分关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种梅花内六角冲针及针头的制备方法,具体技术方案如下:
一种梅花内六角冲针,所述冲针为A型冲针,包括T头、针杆和针头,其中T头和针杆材料为高速钢,针头材料为WC-Co硬质合金,通过焊线将两部分材料连接;
其中WC-Co硬质合金包括混合粉末92.5~94.5%、成型剂5.5~7.5%;其中混合粉末包括WC 83.5~88.5%和Co 11~16%,还包括Cr3C2或VC 0.3~0.65%;成型剂包括石蜡60%~70%、低分子耦合剂5%~15%和高分子聚合物20%~35%;WC粉末的费氏粒度为0.4~0.6μm,Co粉末的费氏粒度为1~2μm。
所述成型剂为石蜡-低分子耦合剂-高分子聚合物组成的多组元粘结剂;
所述冲针的各部分尺寸为L1:L2=4:3,H=2.5P=1.5D,P=3~6mm,T/P=1.01~1.1;其中T为T头的长度,T头的直径为H;L1为针杆的长度,针杆的直径为D;L2为针头的长度,针头的直径为P。
所述针头具有随梅花凸头分布的凹槽,针头前端面为梅花突起结构,中心带有深度为1~2.5mm、直径为P/2的凹孔。
所述石蜡为硬质合金高纯石蜡,高分子聚合物为高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、低密度聚乙烯或乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中的一种或一种以上,低分子耦合剂为硬脂酸、邻苯二甲酸二辛脂或邻苯二甲酸二丁酯中的一种或一种以上。
一种梅花内六角冲针针头的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将WC粉、Co粉、Cr3C2或VC加入球磨筒,湿磨,出料后真空干燥或雾化干燥,得到混合料粉末;
(2)在Σ型真空捏合机中按比例先后加入步骤(1)得到的混合料粉末和成型剂,搅拌均匀,进行混炼,并采用挤出机制粒;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的制粒在注射成形机上注射出成形针头;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的成形针头进行溶剂脱脂-热脱脂,依次将溶剂和成型剂脱除,得到脱脂针头;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的脱脂针头在低压烧结炉或热等静压炉中烧结,烧结针头经过表面精磨,即可得到梅花内六角冲针针头。
所述步骤(1)中球磨工艺参数为:球料比1:(5~3),球磨转速55~65r/min,湿磨时间24~100h,真空干燥温度为70~90℃,干燥时间为4~10h。
所述步骤(2)中加料的先后顺序为:先加入高分子聚合物,然后每隔5min分多批次加入混合料粉体,再分两批次加入硬质合金高纯石蜡,最后加入低分子耦合剂;所述混炼温度为120~140℃,混炼时间为2~4h。
所述步骤(3)中注射温度为130~155℃,注射压力为80~120MPa,保压压力为60~100MPa。
所述步骤(4)中,溶剂脱脂时,溶剂为35~45℃的汽油或正庚烷,脱脂时间为2~6h,脱脂率为50~68%;热脱脂:最高温度500~650℃,保温时间60~90min,保护气氛为H2、N2、Ar中的一种或一种以上。
所述步骤(5)中,烧结温度为1380~1520℃,烧结压力为5~10MPa,保温时间为20~60min。
根据上述制备方法所得到的梅花内六角冲针针头的孔隙率为A02B00C00,WC晶粒度为0.2~0.4μm,直径和长度尺寸偏差为±0.03mm,HV10为1400~1900,抗弯强度大于2700MPa。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明制备的梅花内六角冲针,采用高速钢针杆、T头和硬质合金针头,其中通过改进粉末注射成形工艺制备了一种超细晶硬质合金针头,具有高强度、高硬度、高耐温性、高耐磨性、高韧性的综合性能,使用寿命长;
(2)本发明制备工艺生产成本降低、产品一致性好,废品率低、生产效率高,废品率低于3‰,拓展了形状复杂、成型面不平整的硬质合金冲针生产技术,进一步降低梅花内六角螺丝螺钉的生产成本,推动金属冲压技术进一步发展。
附图说明
图1为本发明中实施例1中M6梅花内六角冲针的平面主视图;
图2为本发明中实施例1中M6梅花内六角冲针的平面右视图;
图3为本发明中实施例1中M6梅花内六角冲针针头断面金相形貌图;
标号说明:1-T头;2-针杆;3-针头;4-梅花突起结构。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种梅花内六角冲针及针头的制备方法,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1
M6梅花内六角冲针及针头的制备方法
一种M6梅花内六角冲针,平面主视图如图1所示,平面右视图如图2所示,冲针为A型冲针,包含T头1、针杆2和针头3。所述冲针的各部分尺寸为L1:L2=4:3,H=2.5P=1.5D,P=6mm,T/P=1.04,针头3前端面的梅花突起结构4,中心带有深度为2mm、直径为3mm的凹孔;其中T、L1、L2分别代表T头1、针杆2、针头3的长度,H、D和P代表T头1、针杆2、针头3的直径。
T头1和针杆2材料为高速钢,所述针头3材料为WC-Co硬质合金,通过焊线连接两部分。其中,针头3原料组分为:按照重量百分比计混合粉末93.5%,成型剂6.5%;其中混合粉末包含WC 86.65%、Co 13%、Cr3C2 0.35%,成型剂为60%硬质合金高纯石蜡-5%硬脂酸-5%邻苯二甲酸二辛脂-15%高密度聚乙烯-15%聚丙烯。WC粉末的费氏粒度为0.6μm,Co粉末的费氏粒度为1μm。
针头3的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将WC粉、Co粉、Cr3C2按比例加入球磨筒,球料比1:5,球磨转速为60r/min,湿磨48h,出料后在75℃下真空干燥6h,得到混合料粉末;
(2)在Σ型真空捏合机中先加入高密度聚乙烯和聚丙烯,接着每隔5min分3批次加入步骤(1)得到的混合料粉末,然后分两批次加入硬质合金高纯石蜡,最后加入硬脂酸和邻苯二甲酸二辛脂,在温度140℃下混炼2h,然后采用挤出机制粒;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的制粒在注射成形机上注射出成形针头,注射温度为155℃,注射压力为80MPa,保压压力为60MPa;
(4)将上述步骤(3)得到的成形针头进行溶剂脱脂-热脱脂,溶剂脱脂时,选择35℃的120#汽油为溶剂,脱脂2h,脱脂率达到52%;热脱脂时的最高温度500℃,保温时间60min,保护气氛为H2,得到脱脂针头;
(5)脱脂针头在低压烧结炉中烧结,烧结温度为1450℃,保温时间为30min,烧结压力为8MPa,烧结针头经过表面精磨,得到梅花内六角冲针针头。
上述步骤(3)中使用的注射成形模具按照针头3的尺寸进行设计,实际工艺生产时,考虑到收缩性,注塑成型模具的针头直径P和前端面梅花突起结构4中心凹孔直径尺寸设计为产品尺寸的1.31倍,其余尺寸与产品尺寸相同。
经上述制备方法得到的M6梅花内六角冲针针头3的金相图如图3所示,其孔隙率为A02B00C00,WC晶粒度为0.28μm,直径和长度尺寸偏差为±0.03mm,HV10为1600,抗弯强度为2800MPa。

Claims (7)

1.一种梅花内六角冲针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述冲针为A型冲针,包括T头、针杆和针头,其中T头和针杆材料为高速钢,针头材料为WC-Co硬质合金,通过焊线将两部分材料连接;所述冲针的各部分尺寸为L1:L2=4:3,H=2.5P=1.5D,P=3~6mm,T/P=1.01~1.1;其中T为T头的长度,T头的直径为H;L1为针杆的长度,针杆的直径为D;L2为针头的长度,针头的直径为P;所述针头具有随梅花凸头分布的凹槽,针头前端面为梅花突起结构,中心带有深度为1~2.5mm、直径为P/2的凹孔;所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将WC粉、Co粉、Cr3C2或VC加入球磨筒,湿磨,出料后真空干燥或雾化干燥,得到混合粉末,所述混合粉末包括WC83.5~88.5wt%和Co11~16wt%,还包括Cr3C2或VC0.3~0.65wt%;所述WC粉的费氏粒度为0.4~0.6μm,Co粉的费氏粒度为1~2μm;
(2)在Σ型真空捏合机中加入步骤(1)得到的混合粉末和成型剂,搅拌均匀,进行混炼,并采用挤出机制粒;其中所述混合粉末92.5~94.5wt%、成型剂 5.5~7.5wt%;所述成型剂包括石蜡60%~70wt%、低分子耦合剂5%~15wt%和高分子聚合物20%~35wt%;所述低分子耦合剂为硬脂酸、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯或邻苯二甲酸二丁酯中的一种或一种以上;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的制粒在注射成形机上注射出成形针头;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的成形针头进行溶剂脱脂-热脱脂,依次将溶剂和成型剂脱除,得到脱脂针头;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的脱脂针头在低压烧结炉或热等静压炉中烧结,烧结针头经过表面精磨,即可得到梅花内六角冲针针头。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种梅花内六角冲针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述石蜡为硬质合金高纯石蜡,高分子聚合物为高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、低密度聚乙烯或乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中的一种或一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种梅花内六角冲针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述湿磨工艺参数为:球料比1:(5~3),球磨转速55~65r/min,湿磨时间24~100h,所述真空干燥温度为70~90℃,干燥时间为4~10h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种梅花内六角冲针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述加料的先后顺序为:先加入高分子聚合物,然后每隔5min分多批次加入混合粉末,再分两批次加入石蜡,最后加入低分子耦合剂;所述混炼温度为120~140℃,混炼时间为2~4h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种梅花内六角冲针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述注射温度为130~155℃,注射压力为80~120MPa,保压压力为60~100MPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种梅花内六角冲针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述溶剂脱脂:溶剂为35~45℃的汽油或正庚烷,脱脂时间为2~6h,脱脂率为50~68%;热脱脂:最高温度500~650℃,保温时间60~90min,保护气氛为H2、N2、Ar中的一种或一种以上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种梅花内六角冲针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述烧结温度为1380~1520℃,烧结压力为5~10MPa,保温时间为20~60min。
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