CN107950753B - Method for producing biological feed by aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation - Google Patents
Method for producing biological feed by aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107950753B CN107950753B CN201711461225.7A CN201711461225A CN107950753B CN 107950753 B CN107950753 B CN 107950753B CN 201711461225 A CN201711461225 A CN 201711461225A CN 107950753 B CN107950753 B CN 107950753B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
- G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/173—Reuteri
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing biological feed by aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation. According to the invention, bacillus, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes mixed bacteria are used as fermentation strains of biological feed, the biological feed is produced by adopting an aerobic-anaerobic coupled solid-state fermentation process, and sterile constant-temperature air is intermittently introduced into the deep material in the fermentation process, so that the growth and propagation of aerobic microorganisms in the lower material are facilitated, and the quality stability of the product is also facilitated; the stacking height of the material layers can be improved under the ventilation and heat dissipation condition, and the production capacity of the equipment is improved. In addition, the biological feed contains a large amount of probiotics which can improve the intestinal health of animals after fermentation, and can improve the microecological environment of the gastrointestinal tract and improve the immunity of organisms after feeding the animals. In addition, the biological feed is rich in lactic acid and has rich mellow taste, so that the palatability of the feed can be obviously improved, the feed intake of animals can be improved, the rapid growth of the animals can be promoted, and the production capacity of the breeding industry can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feed production, in particular to a method for producing biological feed by aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation.
Background
The problems of drug residues, drug resistance, food safety and the like caused by the large-scale use of feed antibiotics in the breeding industry are increasingly severe, developed countries such as Europe and America begin to completely disable the feed antibiotics, the government of China also begins to limit or disable part of the feed antibiotics, and along with the stop of the use of lomefloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin 4 quinolone veterinary drugs, the stop of the feed additive of colistin sulfate in the food animals in the year 2015 and other specified outlets in the 11 th month of 2016, the government actions of limiting the reduction or stopping of the use of the antibiotics in the animals are obviously accelerated, and the complete disabling of the feed antibiotics will be a great trend. In the age of 'post antibiotics', biological feed application is also becoming more and more important, and in recent years, biological feeds are widely applied in the breeding industry. The biological feed takes feed raw materials or agricultural and sideline products as main raw materials, and utilizes the growth and metabolism activities of microorganisms such as lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus and the like to decompose or convert anti-nutritional factors and macromolecular substances in the raw materials into small molecular substances such as organic acid, soluble small peptide and the like under the condition of artificial controllability by inoculating beneficial microorganisms such as saccharomycetes, bacillus, lactobacillus and the like, so that the biological feed with high nutritive value, good palatability, easy digestion and absorption and rich probiotics is formed.
At present, the biological feed is usually produced by adopting a multi-strain mixed solid state fermentation mode, and strains commonly used for fermenting the biological feed include saccharomycetes, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and the like. Commonly used bacillus such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and the like can secrete a large amount of protease, can degrade macromolecular proteins including antigen proteins, and is beneficial to improving protein absorption of animals, particularly young animals; the saccharomycetes grow and metabolize to produce a large amount of mycoprotein, fat, polysaccharide, B vitamins, enzyme, coenzyme, ribonucleic acid, sterol, some unknown growth factors and other beneficial components, so that the nutritional value of the feed can be improved, and the feed can also produce rich mellow taste after being fermented by the saccharomycetes, thereby being beneficial to improving the feed intake of animals; lactic acid bacteria widely exist in intestinal tracts of livestock and poultry, and can regulate normal flora of gastrointestinal tracts of organisms, maintain microecology balance, improve food digestibility, inhibit growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms in the intestinal tracts, and play an important role in maintaining health of animal organisms. Among the three general types of microorganisms, bacillus belongs to aerobic microorganisms, yeast belongs to facultative aerobic microorganisms, and lactic acid bacteria belong to facultative anaerobic microorganisms or strictly anaerobic microorganisms. When bacillus, saccharomycete and lactobacillus are adopted for mixed fermentation, the great difference of the oxygen demand of each strain exists, so that the coordination of mass growth and propagation of each strain is particularly important.
In the current feed fermentation production methods, fermentation is carried out in a one-step anaerobic fermentation mode, namely, anaerobic fermentation is directly carried out after lactobacillus, bacillus and saccharomycetes are inoculated; and the other is to adopt a two-step fermentation mode of aerobic and anaerobic firstly, namely inoculating aerobic bacteria shallow tray for fermentation and then inoculating anaerobic bacteria for anaerobic fermentation. For one-step anaerobic fermentation, the method has the problems that aerobic microorganisms such as bacillus and saccharomycetes and the like cannot be propagated in large quantity due to insufficient oxygen supply, so that the physiological effects of the bacillus and the saccharomycetes cannot be effectively exerted; for two-step fermentation, the method has the problems of long process flow, large operation intensity for large-scale production, difficult control of product quality and the like. In the biological feed production process, how to regulate and control different aerobic requirements of bacillus, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus and the like, and mass growth and propagation of microorganisms are key to producing high-quality biological feed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the primary aim of the invention is to provide a ventilation and temperature control system for aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation of biological feed.
The invention also aims to provide a method for producing biological feed by aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation.
According to the invention, a bacillus, lactobacillus and saccharomycete mixed solid-state fermentation process is adopted, and sterile constant-temperature air is intermittently introduced into the deep material to provide limited necessary oxygen for aerobic microorganisms, so that the growth and propagation of the aerobic microorganisms in the lower material are facilitated. Meanwhile, the temperature of the fermentation material is monitored in real time in the fermentation process, and once the material temperature exceeds the proper growth temperature of microorganisms, constant-temperature air can be introduced to cool the fermentation material, so that the quality stability of the product is improved.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a biological feed.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a ventilation temperature control system for aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation of biological feed comprises a compressed air device, a rotor flowmeter, an air filter, an air heater, a fermentation temperature control device, a timing ventilation control device, an air distributor and a fermentation container; the fermentation container is filled with biological feed;
the compressed air device, the rotameter, the air filter, the air heater and the air distributor are connected through pipelines in sequence;
the fermentation temperature control device comprises a temperature sensor, a temperature control meter and a first electromagnetic valve, wherein the temperature sensor is in signal connection with the temperature control meter, and the temperature control meter is in signal connection with the first electromagnetic valve; the temperature sensor is used for detecting the fermentation temperature of the biological feed and transmitting a signal to the temperature control meter, and the temperature control meter controls whether the first electromagnetic valve is opened or closed to be cooled or not.
The timing ventilation control device comprises a time controller and a second electromagnetic valve, and the time controller is in signal connection with the second electromagnetic valve; and (3) timing and controlling the second electromagnetic valve switch to ventilate the biological feed through the set time controller.
The air heater is connected with one end of a first electromagnetic valve through a first pipeline, and the other end of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with the air distributor through a second pipeline;
one end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with the first pipeline, and the other end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with the second pipeline.
Preferably, the compressed air device comprises an air compressor, an air storage tank and a cold dryer, and the air compressor, the air storage tank and the cold dryer are connected through a pressure pipeline in sequence.
One end of the rotameter is connected with the cold dryer, and the other end of the rotameter is connected with the air filter.
The air filter is a pipeline type filter, and a sterilizing filter element is arranged in the air filter.
The air filter is used for removing microorganisms in the air.
The air heater is a heating device with a temperature control module, a temperature measuring sensor is arranged at the air outlet of the air heater, and the air heater is controlled to heat air by setting the air outlet temperature so as to provide constant-temperature compressed air.
Preferably, the probe of the temperature sensor is positioned in the middle of the biological feed and at a lower position.
The air distributor is a circular pipe with a sealed lower end, the upper port of the air distributor is connected with the second pipeline, and a plurality of air holes are formed in the lower part of the side wall of the circular pipe of the air distributor; there are a plurality of air distributors.
The air distributor is vertically inserted into the biological feed, the air holes are positioned in the biological feed, and the distance from the uppermost air hole to the upper surface of the biological feed is set as a set value, and is generally not less than one third of the thickness of the material layer so as to prevent air short circuit.
The fermentation container is a large opening device with a sealed bottom, and can adopt a fermentation tank, a fermentation barrel or a fermentation bag, and the bottom of the fermentation container needs to be sealed and can not leak air.
The invention is provided with a second electromagnetic valve which is connected in parallel near the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve is connected with a time controller, and constant-temperature compressed air can be introduced into biological feed for a long time or intermittently through setting the time controller.
A method for producing biological feed by aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials
Selecting soybean meal and soybean hulls which are free of mildew, peculiar smell and deterioration as fermentation raw materials, wherein the soybean meal is 90% -100% and the soybean hulls are 0-10%, crushing and sieving the raw materials, and uniformly mixing the raw materials according to a formula to serve as fermentation base materials;
preferably, the sieving is a 10 mesh sieve.
(2) Preparing mixed strain seed liquid for biological feed fermentation
Pouring activated saccharomycetes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) and lactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri) strains into a nutrient solution according to the required addition, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, controlling the water temperature of the nutrient solution to be 30+/-1 ℃, and obtaining the mixed bacterial solution as a soybean meal fermentation seed solution; adding acid protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease into the fermented seed liquid of the soybean meal, wherein the addition amount of each protease is based on the fermentation base material, namely: the addition amount of alkaline protease is 25-100U/g, preferably 50U/g; the addition amount of neutral protease is 25-100U/g, preferably 50U/g; the addition amount of the acid protease is 10-50U/g, preferably 25U/g, and the mixed strain seed liquid for biological feed fermentation is obtained after weighing a proper amount of each protease and uniformly mixing with the soybean meal fermentation seed liquid;
the content of saccharomycetes and bacillus in the soybean meal fermentation seed liquid is as follows: yeast 1×10 7 ～3×10 7 cfu/mL, preferably at a concentration of 2X 10 7 cfu/mL; bacillus subtilis 1×10 7 ～5×10 7 cfu/mL, preferably at a concentration of 3X 10 7 cfu/mL; lactobacillus plantarum 1×10 7 ～3×10 7 cfu/mL, preferably at a concentration of 2X 10 7 cfu/mL; lactobacillus reuteri 1×10 7 ～3×10 7 cfu/mL, preferably at a concentration of 2X 10 7 cfu/mL。
The nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: glucose or sucrose 2%, K 2 HPO 4 0.3% and KH 2 PO 4 0.2％。
Preferably, the saccharomycete is a feedable saccharomycete in a feed additive variety catalogue issued by the Ministry of agriculture, and comprises a Saccharomyces cerevisiae NKY strain. Saccharomyces cerevisiae NKY1 is disclosed in the patent 201410234358.0, a high temperature resistant microcapsule yeast probiotic preparation for feeding, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Preferably, the bacillus subtilis is a bacillus subtilis which can be used for feeding in a feed additive variety catalogue issued by the agricultural department.
Preferably, the lactobacillus plantarum is a bacillus plantarum which can be used for feeding in a feed additive variety catalogue issued by the agricultural department.
Preferably, the lactobacillus reuteri which can be fed in the feed additive variety catalogue issued by the lactobacillus reuteri agricultural department; including strain Lactobacillus reuteri LR. Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 is disclosed in the patent "201510751130.3, a strain of lactobacillus reuteri with probiotic characteristics and its use".
(3) Fermentation of base materials
Uniformly spraying the mixed strain seed liquid for biological feed fermentation in the step (2) into the fermentation base stock in the step (1), controlling the water content of the base stock to be between 35 and 45 percent, preferably 40 percent, fully and uniformly mixing the base stock and the mixed strain seed liquid, filling the inoculated fermentation base stock into a fermentation container (a fermentation barrel or a fermentation pool) of the aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation ventilation temperature control system, inserting an air distributor tube into the fermentation material, simultaneously inserting a temperature measuring temperature sensor, controlling the fermentation temperature to be between 32 and 37 ℃, fermenting for 36 to 48 hours under ventilation temperature control, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 24 to 48 hours to obtain the biological feed.
Preferably, the temperature of an air outlet of the air heater is set to be 37 ℃, constant temperature air is intermittently introduced into the material through a second electromagnetic valve switch on the air pipeline under the control of a time controller, the constant temperature air is introduced into the material at intervals of 10 minutes in the early fermentation period (before the temperature of the material does not rise), preferably 10 seconds, and the constant temperature air is introduced into the material at intervals of 5-15 seconds (preferably 10 seconds) in the middle and later fermentation period; controlling the temperature of the fermented material between 32 and 37 ℃, and cooling the material by introducing air into the material once the fermented material exceeds 37 ℃.
Preferably, the activating preparation of the yeast in step (2) is as follows:
weighing a certain amount of active dry yeast with known viable count, adding into yeast activation solution (containing 0.9% NaCl and 2% glucose) according to a proportion of 5% (m/v), and vibrating and activating at 30deg.C for 30min.
Preferably, the bacillus subtilis in the step (2) is prepared by activating as follows:
weighing a certain amount of bacillus subtilis powder with known viable count, adding the bacillus subtilis powder into strain activation liquid (containing 0.9% NaCl and 2% glucose) according to the proportion of 2% (m/v), and vibrating and activating for 40min at 37 ℃.
Preferably, the lactobacillus plantarum in step (2) is activated as follows:
lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated into MRS liquid culture medium for primary culture, and secondary amplification culture is carried out according to the inoculation amount of 5% after 24 hours of culture at 37 ℃.
Preferably, the lactobacillus reuteri described in step (2) is prepared as follows:
lactobacillus reuteri is inoculated into MRS liquid culture medium for primary culture, and secondary amplification culture is carried out according to the inoculation amount of 5% after 24 hours of culture at 37 ℃.
The MRS liquid culture medium is as follows: 10g/L of casein peptone, 10g/L of beef extract powder, 20g/L of glucose, 5g/L of yeast extract, 2g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 2g/L of sodium citrate, 0.58g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.25g/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 5g/L of sodium acetate, 80 1mL/L of tween-and 15g/L of agar; the pH was adjusted to 5.5.
A biological feed is obtained by fermenting the above method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention adopts bacillus, lactobacillus and saccharomycete mixed bacteria as fermentation strain of biological feed, produces the biological feed by adopting aerobic and anaerobic coupling solid state fermentation process, intermittently introduces sterile constant temperature air into the deep material in the fermentation process, provides limited necessary oxygen for aerobic microorganisms, and is beneficial to the growth and propagation of the aerobic microorganisms in the lower material. Meanwhile, the fermentation temperature of the materials is controlled in a proper range in the fermentation process in a ventilation mode, so that the quality stability of the product is improved; the stacking height of the material layers can be improved under the ventilation and heat dissipation condition, and the production capacity of the equipment is improved. In addition, the biological feed contains a large amount of probiotics which can improve the intestinal health of animals after fermentation, and can improve the microecological environment of the gastrointestinal tract and improve the immunity of organisms after feeding the animals. In addition, the biological feed is rich in lactic acid and has rich mellow taste, so that the palatability of the feed can be obviously improved, the feed intake of animals can be improved, the rapid growth of the animals can be promoted, and the production capacity of the breeding industry can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation ventilation temperature control system for biological feed fermentation, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an air distributor in an embodiment of the invention.
1, an air compressor; 2. a gas storage tank; 3. a cold dryer; 4. a rotameter; 5. an air filter; 6. an air heater; 7. a temperature control meter; 8. a first electromagnetic valve; 9. a PT100 temperature sensor; 10. a time controller; 11. an air distributor; 12. a fermentation vessel; 13. a circular tube; 14. ventilation holes; 15. a second electromagnetic valve; 16. a first pipe; 17. and a second pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment provides a ventilation and temperature control system for aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation of biological feed, which comprises: compressed air device (air compressor 1, air storage tank 2 and cold dryer 3), rotameter 4, air filter 5, air heater 6, fermentation temperature control device (temperature control table 7, first solenoid valve 8 and PT100 temperature sensor 9), timing ventilation control device (time controller 10 and second solenoid valve 15), air distributor 11 and fermentation container 12. The air compressor 1, the air storage tank 2 and the cold dryer 3 are connected by adopting a pressure pipeline. One end of the rotameter 4 is connected with the cold dryer 3, and the other end of the rotameter 4 is connected with the air filter 5. The air filter 5 is connected with an air inlet of the air heater 6 through a pipeline; the air outlet of the air heater 6 is connected with one end of a first electromagnetic valve 8 through a first pipeline 16, and the other end of the first electromagnetic valve 8 is connected with an air distributor 11 through a second pipeline 17; the second electromagnetic valve 15 has one end connected to the first pipe 16 and the other end connected to the second pipe 17. The temperature control table 7, the first electromagnetic valve 8 and the temperature sensor 9 are mutually connected to form a biological feed fermentation temperature control device; the time controller 10 is connected with a second electromagnetic valve 15 to form a timing ventilation control device.
The PT100 temperature sensor 9 is used for detecting the temperature inside the biological feed, and transmits a detected signal to the temperature control meter 7, and if the detected temperature is higher than a set threshold value, the temperature control meter outputs a signal to control the first electromagnetic valve 8 to open and introduce air into the fermentation container, so that the temperature of the biological feed is ensured to be at a proper fermentation temperature.
The air heater 6 is used to heat cool dry air to a constant temperature,
the time controller 10 is used for controlling the second electromagnetic valve 15 to open and intermittently introduce constant temperature air into the fermentation container, and according to the condition of inoculating aerobic bacteria on the biological feed, the time controller 10 is set to intermittently introduce air into the biological feed for a certain time. The time controller 10 will time when fermentation starts.
The air distributor 11 is a circular pipe 13 with a sealed lower end, the upper port of the circular pipe is connected with a second pipeline 17, and a plurality of ventilation holes 14 are formed in the lower part of the side wall of the circular pipe of the air distributor 11.
The air distributor 11 is vertically inserted into the biological feed, the biological feed needs to cover the air holes 14, the distance from the uppermost air hole to the upper surface of the biological feed is set value, and the set value is determined according to practical conditions, and is generally not less than one third of the thickness of the material layer so as to prevent air short circuit.
During specific operation, biological feed inoculated with mixed strains is filled into a fermentation container 12 (a fermentation tank, a fermentation barrel or a fermentation bag), an air distributor pipe is uniformly inserted according to the size of the fermentation container, a temperature sensor 9 is inserted into the biological feed, a probe of the temperature sensor 9 is positioned in a position of the middle of the biological feed and is positioned at a lower position, a time interval and ventilation time of a time controller 10 are set, a temperature control range of a temperature control table 7 is set, the outlet air control temperature of an air heater 6 is set, and an air compressor 1 is started.
The ventilation temperature control system provided by the embodiment can supply oxygen to the deep biological feed at regular time and intelligently control the fermentation temperature, ensure the full fermentation of aerobic bacteria in the biological feed and improve the product quality.
The present embodiment is only illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention, and is not limited thereto.
Example 2
Weighing 19kg of fresh soybean meal and 1kg of soybean hull, uniformly mixing, crushing, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the fermentation base material. Fermenting by adopting mixed strains of saccharomycetes NKY1, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus reuteri LR 1. The water content of the base material fermentation is controlled at 40%, and 13.33 liters of mixed strain seed liquid for fermenting biological feed containing mixed strain is needed to be prepared. Firstly, 266.6g of glucose, 40 and g K g of glucose are weighed 2 HPO 4 And 26.7g KH 2 PO 4 Adding a certain volume of clear water preheated to 30 ℃, and fully stirring and dissolving. Activating saccharomycete and bacillus subtilis with activating liquid. Then adding a certain amount of yeast activating solution and bacillus subtilis activating solution into the nutrient solution to make the number of yeast and bacillus subtilis activating solution in the final fermentation liquor respectively reach 2×10 7 cfu/mL. Then adding the culture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri overnight to make the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri in the final fermentation liquor reach 2×10 respectively 7 cfu/mL to obtain fermented seed liquid of soybean meal. Alkaline protease (20X 10) 4 U/g) 5g, neutral protease (10X 10) 4 U/g) 10g and acid protease (5X 10) 4 U/g) 10g is added into the fermented seed liquid of the bean pulp, water is added to adjust to 13.33 liters, and the mixed strain seed liquid for biological feed fermentation can be obtained after uniform stirring. Mixing the organismsUniformly spraying mixed strain seed liquid for feed fermentation into a fermentation base material, fully and uniformly stirring, transferring the inoculated fermentation base material into a fermentation barrel, inserting an air distributor pipe and a temperature sensor (PT 100) into the material, setting the outlet temperature of the air heater to be 37 ℃, intermittently introducing constant temperature air into the material by controlling a second electromagnetic valve switch on an air pipeline through a time controller, introducing 10 seconds of constant temperature air into the material at intervals of 10 minutes in the early stage of fermentation (before the temperature of the material is not increased), and introducing 10 seconds of air at intervals of 5 minutes in the middle and later stages of the temperature increase of the fermentation material. Controlling the temperature of the fermented material between 32 and 37 ℃, and cooling the material by introducing air into the material once the fermented material exceeds 37 ℃. The early ventilation fermentation stage lasts for 36 hours, then ventilation is stopped, anaerobic fermentation is continued for 24 hours, and the biological feed rich in probiotics is obtained, and the biological feed can be dried at a low temperature or directly fed to animals.
Index detection
a) Viable bacteria count: 3g of wet biological feed is taken to be placed in 100mL of sterile physiological saline, shaking is carried out for 20min, supernatant is taken to be diluted by the sterile water, dilutions with proper multiples are respectively coated on LB, YPD (ampicillin and streptomycin are added) and MRS plates to carry out viable count, and the viable count of each plate is counted.
b) And (3) pH value measurement: 10.0g of wet biological feed is weighed and placed in 100mL of distilled water, and is vibrated for 10min, and the supernatant is taken and measured for pH value by a pH meter.
c) And (3) measuring the content of lactic acid: the kit provided by Nanjing built biological company is adopted for detection.
d) Protein content determination: the biological feed is dried and sampled and measured by a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method.
TABLE 1 related index data for materials before and after fermentation
| Index (I) | Before fermentation | After fermentation |
| Protein (%) | 46.3％ | 51.2％ |
| pH value of material | 6.60 | 4.40 |
| Lactic acid content | 0 | 2.0％ |
| Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus) | / | 2.8×10 9 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the protein content of the feed is increased after fermentation, and the biological feed contains a large amount of probiotics.
Example 3
Weighing 47.5kg of fresh soybean meal and 2.5kg of soybean hull, uniformly mixing, crushing, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the fermentation base material. Fermenting by adopting mixed strains of saccharomycetes NKY1, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus reuteri LR 1. The water content of the base material fermentation is controlled at 40%, and 33.33 liters of mixed strain seed liquid for fermenting biological feed containing mixed strain is needed to be prepared. 666.5g of glucose, 100g of g K are firstly weighed 2 HPO 4 And 66.8g KH 2 PO 4 Adding a certain volume of clear water preheated to 30 ℃, and fully stirring and dissolving. Activating saccharomycete and bacillus subtilis with activating liquid. Then adding a certain amount of yeast activating solution and bacillus subtilis activating solution into the nutrient solution to make the number of yeast and bacillus subtilis activating solution in the final fermentation liquor respectively reach 2×10 7 cfu/mL. Then adding the culture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri overnight to make the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri in the final fermentation liquor reach 2×10 respectively 7 cfu/mL to obtain fermented seed liquid of soybean meal. Alkaline protease (20X 10) 4 U/g) 12.5 g, neutral protease (10X 10) 4 U/g) 25g and acid protease (5X 10) 4 U/g) 25g is added into the fermented seed liquid of the bean pulp, water is added to adjust the amount to 33.33 liters, and the mixed strain seed liquid for biological feed fermentation can be obtained after uniform stirring. Uniformly spraying mixed strain seed liquid for fermenting the mixed biological feed into a fermentation base material, fully and uniformly stirring, transferring the inoculated fermentation base material into a fermentation barrel, inserting an air distributor pipe and a temperature sensor (PT 100) into the material, setting the outlet temperature of an air heater to be 37 ℃, intermittently introducing constant-temperature air into the material by controlling a second electromagnetic valve switch on an air pipeline through a time controller, introducing 10 seconds of constant-temperature air into the material at intervals of 10 minutes in the early stage of fermentation (before the temperature of the material does not rise), and introducing 10 seconds of air at intervals of 5 minutes in the middle and later stages of the temperature rise of the fermentation material. Controlling the temperature of the fermented material between 32 and 37 ℃, and cooling the material by introducing air into the material once the fermented material exceeds 37 ℃. The early ventilation fermentation stage lasts for 36 hours, then ventilation is stopped, anaerobic fermentation is continued for 24 hours, and the biological feed rich in probiotics is obtained, and the biological feed can be dried at a low temperature or directly fed to animals.
Each index detection is described in example 1.
TABLE 2 relevant index data for materials before and after fermentation
| Index (I) | Before fermentation | After fermentation |
| Protein (%) | 46.3％ | 50.9％ |
| pH value of material | 6.60 | 4.35 |
| Lactic acid content | 0 | 2.18％ |
| Number of viable bacteria | / | 2.5×10 9 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the protein content of the feed is increased after fermentation, and the biological feed contains a large amount of probiotics.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for producing biological feed by aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials
Selecting soybean meal and soybean hulls which are free of mildew, peculiar smell and deterioration as fermentation raw materials, wherein the soybean meal is 90% -100% and the soybean hulls are 0-10%, crushing and sieving the raw materials, and uniformly mixing the raw materials according to a formula to serve as fermentation base materials;
(2) Preparing mixed strain seed liquid for biological feed fermentation
Activated saccharomycetes are treatedSaccharomyces cerevisiae) Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis) Lactobacillus plantarum (L.) MerrLactobacillus plantarum) And lactobacillus reuteri @ andLactobacillus reuteri) The strain is poured into the nutrient solution according to the required adding amount, and is fully stirred and uniformly mixed, the water temperature of the nutrient solution is controlled to be 30+/-1 ℃, and the mixed strain solution is the fermented seed solution of the soybean meal; adding acid protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease into the fermented seed liquid of the soybean meal, wherein the addition amount of each protease is based on the fermentation base material, namely: the addition amount of the alkaline protease is 25-100U/g; the addition amount of neutral protease is 25-100U/g; the addition amount of the acid protease is 10-50U/g, and the mixed strain seed liquid for biological feed fermentation is obtained after weighing a proper amount of each protease and uniformly mixing the protease with the soybean meal fermentation seed liquid;
the contents of saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus reuteri in the soybean meal fermentation seed liquid are respectively as follows: yeast 1×10 7 ～3×10 7 cfu/mL; bacillus subtilis 1×10 7 ～5×10 7 cfu/mL; lactobacillus plantarum 1×10 7 ～3×10 7 cfu/mL; lactobacillus reuteri 1×10 7 ～3×10 7 cfu/mL；
(3) Fermentation of base materials
Uniformly spraying the mixed strain seed liquid for biological feed fermentation in the step (2) into the fermentation base stock in the step (1), controlling the water content of the base stock to be between 35 and 45 percent, fully and uniformly mixing the base stock and the mixed strain seed liquid, filling the inoculated fermentation base stock into a fermentation container of a ventilation temperature control system for aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation of the biological feed, preferably, the base stock stacking thickness is not more than 100cm, inserting an air distributor pipe into the fermentation material, simultaneously inserting a temperature measuring temperature sensor, intermittently introducing sterile constant-temperature air into the deep material, controlling the fermentation temperature to be between 32 and 37 ℃, fermenting for 36 to h to 48 hours under the condition of ventilation temperature control, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 24 to 48 hours to obtain the biological feed;
setting the temperature of an air outlet of an air heater to 37 ℃, controlling a second electromagnetic valve switch on an air pipeline to intermittently introduce sterile constant temperature air into the material through a time controller, introducing 5-15 seconds of constant temperature air into the material at intervals of 10 minutes in the early stage of fermentation, and introducing 5-15 seconds of air at intervals of 5 minutes in the middle and later stages of material temperature rise of the fermented material; controlling the temperature of the fermented material between 32 and 37 ℃, and cooling the material by introducing air into the material once the fermented material exceeds 37 ℃;
the ventilation temperature control system for aerobic and anaerobic coupling fermentation of biological feed comprises a compressed air device, a rotor flowmeter, an air filter, an air heater, a fermentation temperature control device, a timing ventilation control device, an air distributor and a fermentation container; filling the fermentation container with the inoculated fermentation base material;
the compressed air device, the rotameter, the air filter, the air heater and the air distributor are connected through pipelines in sequence;
the fermentation temperature control device comprises a temperature sensor, a temperature control meter and a first electromagnetic valve, wherein the temperature sensor is in signal connection with the temperature control meter, and the temperature control meter is in signal connection with the first electromagnetic valve; the probe of the temperature sensor is positioned in the inoculated fermentation base material;
the timing ventilation control device comprises a time controller and a second electromagnetic valve, and the time controller is in signal connection with the second electromagnetic valve;
the air heater is connected with one end of a first electromagnetic valve through a first pipeline, and the other end of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with the air distributor through a second pipeline;
one end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with the first pipeline, and the other end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with the second pipeline;
the air distributor is a circular pipe with a sealed lower end, the upper port of the air distributor is connected with the second pipeline, and a plurality of air holes are formed in the lower part of the side wall of the circular pipe of the air distributor; the air distributor is provided with a plurality of air distributors;
the air distributor is vertically inserted into the inoculated fermentation base material, the air holes are positioned in the fermentation base material, and the distance from the uppermost air hole to the upper surface of the fermentation base material is a set value;
the fermentation container is a large opening device with a sealed bottom.
2. The method for producing biological feed by aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the compressed air device comprises an air compressor, an air storage tank and a cold dryer, and the air compressor, the air storage tank and the cold dryer are connected through a pressure pipeline in sequence;
one end of the rotameter is connected with the cold dryer, and the other end of the rotameter is connected with the air filter.
3. The method for producing biological feed by aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the air filter is a pipeline type filter, and a sterilizing filter element is arranged in the air filter;
the air heater is a heating device with a temperature control module, and a temperature measuring sensor is arranged at the air outlet of the air heater.
4. A method for producing biological feed by aerobic and anaerobic coupled fermentation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
in the step (1), the sieving is 10-mesh sieving;
in the step (2), the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: glucose or sucrose 2%, K 2 HPO 4 0.3% and KH 2 PO 4 0.2%。
5. A biological feed characterized by being obtained by fermentation by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN108497158A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-09-07 | 厦门市科环海洋生物科技有限公司 | A kind of the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fermented feed and its production method and production equipment of prevention vibriosis |
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