CN107950382B - Method for creating cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using binuclear kapok - Google Patents
Method for creating cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using binuclear kapok Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for creating cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using binuclear kapok, which comprises the steps of hybridizing the binuclear kapok or sterile plants obtained by selfing the binuclear kapok as parents with cotton cultivated varieties, and if any generation of hybrid, selfing or backcross progeny of the binuclear kapok shows male sterility, indicating that the male sterility is expressed as cytoplasmic inheritance characteristics, carrying out nuclear replacement backcross by using the cultivated varieties as recurrent parents until obtaining a cytoplasmic male sterile line which has the characteristics similar to those of male parents, is orderly consistent with the male parents and shows male sterility, wherein the recurrent parents are corresponding male sterility maintainer lines. The invention takes the open-linked kapok or the hybrid or backcross progeny inherited with the open-linked kapok cytoplasm as the cytoplasm donor, and takes the common cultivar as the nucleus donor, and the produced cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction leads to male sterility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crop breeding method, in particular to a method for creating a cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using binuclear cotton.
Background
Cotton, the genus malvaceae, is one of the leading crops in the world. It is not only the most important fiber crop, but also the important oil crop, and the grain crop containing high protein, and also the textile, fine chemical material and important strategic material. Cotton shows strong heterosis, and the heterosis rate is as high as 20-30%. For a long time, the utilization of cotton hybrid vigor is an important content in cotton breeding at home and abroad.
The cotton can produce hybrid seeds by using a nuclear male sterile line and a cytoplasmic male sterile line. Although the utilization of the nuclear male sterile line is easy to find a restoring line and combine to form a strong dominant hybrid combination, the breeding of the sterile line has problems, generally, the breeding method of the male sterile plant (genotype is Msms) separated from the nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line and the fertile sister plant (genotype is Msms) heterozygous with the fertile gene is utilized to maintain, and the breeding progeny of the seeds collected from the fertile plant still shows 1: 1, separation, therefore, about 50% of male fertile plants in a maternal area must be removed every year in a hybrid seed production field, the workload is centralized, and the labor intensity is high; moreover, the problem of continuously removing a plurality of fertile plants often exists due to the non-uniformity of the distribution of the fertile plants and sterile plants in the group, which wastes the land space and increases the production cost of seeds.
To solve this problem, the institute of economic crop breeding and cultivation of academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan province and the Noah's Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Sichuan, filed 1 national patent invention in 2007 according to the perennial characteristics of cotton in tropical regions, entitled "hybrid seed production method by cotton male sterile line and restorer line for perennial root regeneration" (application No. 200710049843.0). The invention indicates that the seed production area where the cotton plant can live through winter is the area where the lowest temperature in winter is more than or equal to 10 ℃, the annual sunshine duration is 1700-2100 hours, the sunshine percentage is 50-60 percent, and the annual rainfall is 800-1200 mm. In view of temperature conditions, the cotton should belong to middle and tropical zone (written by Shengyu et al, China general theory of climate, scientific Press, 1986, page 406), but the tropical zone is divided into dry season and rainy season, and the rainy season has more typhoons, which is not beneficial to hybrid seed production of cotton, so the rainfall is required to be less than 1200 mm. Therefore, the regions meeting all the conditions are few, and only the Yunnan or the part of the region where the Yunnan and the Sichuan are connected have the microclimate characteristic, and most of the regions are far away and inconvenient to transport, so that the large-scale hybrid seed production of cotton is not facilitated. Moreover, the invention does not solve the propagation problem of the sterile line, but only utilizes the characteristic that the sterile line can grow for many years in tropical regions. However, the roots of annual cotton are shallow in soil and prone to premature senility, so that the annual cotton can only be cultivated for 2-3 years in perennial roots under the temperature condition most suitable for growth, and needs to be sown again.
In order to solve the problem of perennial cultivation of cotton, Zhou Rui Yang of Guangxi university invents a perennial hybrid seed production method of annual cotton (ZL 200910078533.0). Firstly, identifying the natural overwintering capability of annual cotton hybrid parents; for the annual cotton hybrid parents which cannot live through the winter naturally, perennial cotton germplasm resources (such as synuclein kapok, synuclein kapok and the like) which can live through the winter naturally in the cotton genus are used as rootstocks for grafting, and the obtained grafted plants are cultivated in the perennial roots; for the annual cotton hybrid parent which can live through the winter naturally, directly planting and carrying out perennial root cultivation on the parent, or carrying out perennial root cultivation after grafting by the method; and then carrying out hybrid seed production by using the seedling plant and/or the grafted plant. The method for hybrid seed production of the present invention does not need to sow every year, does not need to cultivate land every year, does not need to remove impurities and inferior quality every year, reduces the propagation cost of male sterile lines, simplifies the production procedure of hybrid seeds, and can improve the yield of hybrid seed production. However, the invention has the problem of a large amount of labor for grafting, and can only realize perennial cultivation in south China, so that the region is limited.
Although the method of backcrossing cytoplasmic male sterile line and maintainer line can maintain the male sterility, most of the previous cytoplasmic male sterile lines bred by people have Harknessi cotton cytoplasm, the restorer line is less, and the restorer line and the hybrid are sensitive to high temperature, so that the restorer line and the hybrid are difficult to loose powder under the high temperature condition in summer, show a semi-sterile phenomenon and are difficult to popularize and apply in large scale on production.
On the other hand, in agricultural production, the wide spread and long-term use of hybrid species composed of a single cytoplasmic male sterile line in production of a nursed variety which may be a physiological race for a certain disease, and thus there is a risk of a disease pandemic. The basic approach to solve this problem is to obtain male sterile lines with various cytoplasmic sources, and the breeding of male sterile lines with different cytoplasmic sources is derived from the genetic diversity of cytoplasmic male sterile germplasm. Therefore, even after the cytoplasmic male sterile line of the cotton Hakini is genetically improved, the cytoplasmic male sterile line has heterosis utilization value, and discovery of a new cytoplasmic source of the male sterile line is still the key point of research on heterosis utilization of cotton.
In south China and southwest China, perennial sea island cotton grows and is in a semi-wild state, and is locally called kapok. Kapok is divided into "unite nuclear kapok" and "uncore kapok". The binuclear kapok is famous for the fact that the seeds are adhered together, and the planting history in China is long. Because the cotton linter is easy to peel off manually, a cotton gin is not needed to separate seeds and fibers, the processing is convenient, and various farmers can use the cotton linter by themselves in front of and behind houses. At present, the southern China and the southwest China still have cultivation, but the yield is low. The other perennial sea island cotton is separated into enucleated kapok due to the separation of its seeds. Von zephyranthes is considered to be egyptian type and is often named after county, such as kayokong kapok, wenshan kapok, muller kapok, yuanjiang kapok, ink Jiang kapok, rui kapok, Jinggu kapok, slate kapok, shrike orchidon kapok, juhua kapok, etc. [ the cossoking of chinese history of cotton planting, 1993, 12 (2): 28-34]. The kapok has the outstanding characteristics that: the root system is huge, the drought resistance is strong, and the method is particularly suitable for planting in wasteland. However, the kapok is a short-day plant, so the kapok cannot naturally flower and fruit in Yangtze river watershed and the area north of the Yangtze river watershed, and the yield is low; the cotton main production area and the research institution of China are basically in the area, so the research on the kapok is very little.
In south subtropical zone in Guangxi province, the binuclear kapok and the enucleated kapok can flower and fruit naturally, and extremely favorable natural conditions are provided for the research and utilization of the kapok. The Zhou Rui Yang takes perennial island cotton as a stock and annual upland cotton as a scion, thus greatly improving the cold resistance of the annual cotton. However, the research of breeding cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using the synucleus kapok or the synucleus kapok is not reported at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for creating a cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using synuclein cotton (perennial sea island cotton with seeds combined into blocks), which comprises the following steps:
a. hybridization of
Crossing with cotton cultivar/line X to obtain cross F by using sterile plant obtained from synuclein bombax or its selfing progeny as one of parents1Seed generation;
b. backcrossing
According to hybridization F1Backcrossing is carried out by any mode of a fertility selection b1, b2 or b 3:
b1, hybrid F1All the generation plants show male sterility, which indicates that the male sterility is characterized by cytoplasmic inheritance, and then the X is used as a recurrent parent to carry out nuclear replacement backcross;
b2, hybrid F1If sterile plants are present in the generation, cross F is used1Sterile plants in the generation are used as female parents, X is used as male parents for backcross, and if the backcross progeny population all presents male sterility, the male sterility is shown as cytoplasmic inheritance, then X is used as recurrent parent for nuclear replacement backcross;
b3, hybrid F1All plants are represented and fertile by impuritiesCross over F1Continuously selfing fertile plants in the generations until male sterile plants appear in the progeny, then backcrossing with X by taking the male sterile plants as female parents, and if all backcross progeny groups show male sterility, indicating that the male sterility characteristics are expressed as cytoplasmic inheritance characteristics, then carrying out nuclear replacement backcrossing by taking X as recurrent parent;
the nuclear replacement backcross is continuous backcross until a cytoplasmic male sterile line XA which has similar and uniform properties with the male parent and shows male sterility is obtained, and a culture variety X used for the backcross is a corresponding male sterile maintainer line XB.
The method for creating the cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using the binuclear cotton further comprises the following steps:
c. transformation and culture
And (b) performing nuclear replacement backcross by taking the male sterile plant of any generation in the step a or the step b as a female parent and taking the cotton cultivar/line Y as a recurrent parent, and selecting a cytoplasmic male sterile line YA which has similar, neat and consistent properties with the recurrent parent and shows male sterility, wherein the recurrent parent is a corresponding male sterility maintainer line YB. Then, the male sterile plant of any generation in the YA breeding process is used as a female parent, the cultivated variety/line W is used as a recurrent parent to carry out nuclear replacement backcross, a cytoplasmic male sterile line WA which has similar, neat and consistent properties with the recurrent parent and shows male sterility is selected from the cytoplasmic male sterile line WA, and the recurrent parent is a corresponding male sterile maintainer line WB. This continues to be extensive and infinite.
The method for creating the cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using the binuclear cotton further comprises the following steps: when the bred sterile line is a cytoplasmic-nuclear heterologous male sterile line, the bred cytoplasmic-nuclear heterologous male sterile line is taken as a female parent, and a fertile plant taking the nucleus thereof as the same variety source is taken as a male parent to carry out nuclear replacement backcross to breed a new cytoplasmic-nuclear homologous male sterile line.
The method for creating the cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using the binuclear cotton further comprises the following steps: when the bred sterile line is a cytoplasmic-nuclear homologous male sterile line, the bred cytoplasmic-nuclear homologous male sterile line is taken as a female parent, and a heterologous maintainer line which has no genetic relationship with the female parent is taken as a male parent, and nuclear replacement backcross is carried out to breed a new cytoplasmic-nuclear heterologous male sterile line.
By heterologous is meant that the cytoplasm is of a different origin to the nucleus, e.g., the cytoplasm is from synucleinum bombax and the nucleus is from a cotton cultivar/line.
By centronuclear homology is meant that the cytoplasm and nucleus are from the same source, e.g., both cytoplasm and nucleus are from the same cotton cultivar/line.
Wherein, the united-core kapok is preferably the open-distant united-core kapok.
And (3) carrying out backcross, measuring the combining ability with a plurality of cultivated varieties during the backcross, selecting a male sterile plant with high combining ability, similar properties to those of the recurrent parent and non-dehiscence anther for each generation, continuously backcrossing, and bagging and selfing the recurrent parent.
Wherein the generation number of the saturated backcross is 5 or more, preferably 5 to 6.
The invention also provides application of the method for creating the cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using the synuclein cotton in cotton breeding.
The present invention uses wild species of open-linked kapok or cross-bred or backcrossed progeny inherited with open-linked kapok cytoplasm as cytoplasm donor, and uses common cultivated variety as nucleus donor, so that the produced cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction results in male sterility.
The practicability of the invention lies in that: the open-linked nuclear kapok cytoplasmic male sterile line is naturally hybridized with other cotton cultivars to prepare a strong-advantage hybrid combination with low seed production cost. The hybrid matched with the cytoplasmic male sterile line and the hybrid matched with other cytoplasmic male sterile lines are popularized and utilized in production, so that the risk of occurrence of certain diseases can be greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
First, selection and breeding of cytoplasmic male sterile line with heterogenous plasmid nucleus
Example 1: breeding of' 16A in C6
The open-linked upland nuclear cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line is bred by using open-linked upland nuclear cotton (provided by cotton research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences) as a cytoplasmic donor and using medium cotton 16 (provided by cotton research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences) as a nuclear donor (recurrent parent) and adopting a saturated backcross method. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. hybridization of
Hybridizing the kawo kowo, kawo, kawo, kawo, kawo1Seed generation;
b. backcrossing
Due to hybridization F1All generations showed fertility, to hybridize F1Fertile plants in the generations are continuously selfed for 2 generations, male sterile plants appear in offspring, the discovered sterile plants are used as female parents, the medium cotton 16 is used as male parents for backcross, the backcrossed offspring population all presents male sterility, the male sterility is shown as cytoplasmic inheritance characteristic, the medium cotton 16 is used as recurrent parent for nuclear replacement backcross, and continuous backcross is carried out for 6 generations, so that a cytoplasmic male sterile line which has similar, neat and consistent properties with the male parents and presents male sterility is obtained. Because the group breeds a series of male sterile cytoplasm, the combined nucleus kapok male sterile cytoplasm is named as 'C6', the bred cytoplasmic male sterile line is named as '16A in C6', and the recurrent parent is the maintainer line which is named as '16B in C6'.
Example 2: breeding of' 40A in C6
The open-linked-nucleus ceiba is used as a material, and 2 male sterility plants are found in the second generation of self-cross. The male sterile plant is used as a female parent, the medium cotton 40 (introduced by the cotton research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences) is used as a recurrent parent, and a saturated backcross method is adopted to breed a cytoplasmic male sterile line '40A in C6' and a maintainer line '40B in C6'. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. hybridization of
Hybridizing the sterile plant obtained after the inbreeding of the open-linked rosewood cotton with the medium cotton 40 to obtain a hybrid F1Seed generation;
b. backcrossing
Due to the above hybridization F1All plants of the generation show male sterility, so that the medium cotton 40 is used as a male parent for backcross, and the backcross progeny population all show male sterilityThe male sterility is characterized by cytoplasmic inheritance, then the medium cotton 40 is used as recurrent parent to make nuclear replacement backcross, and continuous backcross is made for 6 generations, so that the cytoplasmic male sterility line whose character is similar to that of male parent, is identical and regular, and can express male sterility is named as "40A in C6", and its correspondent maintainer line is named as "40B in C6".
Example 3: backcross transformation of "C6 New 21A
The backcross transformation is carried out by taking the backcross generation (any generation) male sterile plant in the breeding process of the 16A in the C6 in the example 1 as a female parent and taking the Xinhai 21 of the sea island cotton cultivar (introduced in the Cotton research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences) as a male parent, and the cytoplasmic male sterile line C6 New 21A and the maintainer line C6 New 21B are bred by backcross for 6 generations.
Example 4: backcross transformation of "C6 Haima 6 # A
The backcross first generation (any generation) male sterile plant in the transformation process of "C6 New 21A" in example 3 is used as a female parent, the Haima 6 (introduced by the Cotton research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences) is used as a male parent to carry out backcross transformation, and the cytoplasmic male sterile line "C6 Haima 6A" and the maintainer line "C6 Haima 6B" are bred by backcross 6 generation.
The cytoplasm of the cytoplasmic male sterile line selected in the above 4 examples is derived from the open-linked kapok, and the nucleus of the cytoplasmic male sterile line is a cotton cultivar of different sources, and is a cytoplasmic-nuclear heterologous male sterile line due to different cytoplasmic-nuclear sources.
Selection and breeding of cytoplasmic male sterile line with homogeneous plasmid and nucleus
The following 2 examples all use 2 cultivars as female parents and kaiyuan ceiba as male parents, and are the backcross mode of the breeding method of the cytoplasmic male sterile line with heterogeneous plasmid nucleus. The specific process is as follows:
example 5: selection and breeding of 16A in plasmid-nucleus homologous gene
The medium cotton 16 in the example 1 is taken as a female parent, and the kadsura longipedunculata is taken as a male parent for hybridization. It F1Male sterility is expressed by generation part plants; then, the medium cotton 16 is used as a recurrent cycle to carry out nuclear replacement backcross, and the 'medium 16A' with the same source of the nucleus (the medium cotton 16 cytoplasm and the medium cotton 16 nucleus) is bred, and the recurrent cycle is carried outThe cotton 16 in the parent is its maintainer line "medium 16B". It should be noted that "16B in C6" in example 1 and "16B in" in this example are common, i.e. can be maintained, but they are named for the sake of distinction only for the sterile line and the maintainer line.
Example 6: breeding of 'middle 40A' with homogeneous plasmid and nucleus
The medium cotton 40 in the example 2 is taken as a female parent, and the kadsura longituba is taken as a male parent for hybridization. All plants in the F1 generation showed fertile; the F1 generation fertile plant selfing is the second generation to find 2 male sterile plants, then the middle cotton 40 is used as recurrent parent to carry out nuclear replacement backcross, the middle 40A of cytoplasmic-nuclear homologous (middle cotton 40 cytoplasm and middle cotton 40 nucleus) male sterile line is bred, and the middle cotton 40 in the recurrent parent is used as the middle 40B of the maintainer line. It should be noted that "40B in C6" in example 2 and "40B in" in this example are common, i.e. can be maintained, only for the sake of the distinction that the sterile line and the maintainer line are paired.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for creating a cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line by using binuclear cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. hybridization of
Hybridizing with the cotton cultivar/line X by using the open-linked rosewood cotton as one of the parents to obtain a hybrid F1Seed generation;
b. backcrossing
According to hybridization F1Backcrossing is carried out by a b1 or b2 mode of fertility selection:
b1, hybrid F1If sterile plants are present in the generation, cross F is used1Sterile plants in the generation are used as female parent, X is used as male parent for backcross, the backcrossed progeny population all shows male sterility, the male sterility is shown as cytoplasmic inheritance characteristic, and the method is implemented by using the sterile plants in the generation as female parent and using X as male parent for backcrossX is a recurrent parent to carry out nuclear replacement backcross;
b2, hybrid F1All plants were rendered fertile by hybridization F1Continuously selfing fertile plants in the generations until male sterile plants appear in the progeny, backcrossing with X by taking the male sterile plants as female parents, and performing nuclear replacement backcrossing by taking X as recurrent parent after backcrossing to show that the male sterile characteristics are expressed as cytoplasmic inheritance characteristics;
the nuclear replacement backcross is continuous backcross until a cytoplasmic male sterile line XA which has similar and uniform properties with the male parent and shows male sterility is obtained, and a culture variety X used for the backcross is a corresponding male sterile maintainer line XB.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
c. transformation and culture
And (b) performing nuclear replacement backcross by taking the male sterile plant of any generation in the step a or the step b as a female parent and taking the cotton cultivar/line Y as a recurrent parent, and selecting a cytoplasmic male sterile line YA which has similar, neat and consistent properties with the recurrent parent and shows male sterility, wherein the recurrent parent is a corresponding male sterility maintainer line YB.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method for creating the cytoplasmic male sterile line of cotton using binuclear cotton further comprises: when the bred sterile line is a cytoplasmic-nuclear heterologous male sterile line, the bred cytoplasmic-nuclear heterologous male sterile line is taken as a female parent, and a fertile plant taking the nucleus thereof as the same variety source is taken as a male parent to carry out nuclear replacement backcross to breed a new cytoplasmic-nuclear homologous male sterile line.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method for creating the cytoplasmic male sterile line of cotton using binuclear cotton further comprises: when the bred sterile line is a cytoplasmic-nuclear homologous male sterile line, the bred cytoplasmic-nuclear homologous male sterile line is taken as a female parent, and a heterologous maintainer line which has no genetic relationship with the female parent is taken as a male parent, and nuclear replacement backcross is carried out to breed a new cytoplasmic-nuclear heterologous male sterile line.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein said backcrossing is performed while measuring the combining ability with a plurality of cultivars, and male sterile plants with high combining ability, similar properties to recurrent parent and non-dehiscence anthers are selected for each generation to continue backcrossing while the recurrent parent is bagged for selfing.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the number of generations of backcrosses is 5 or more.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the number of generations of the kernel replacement backcross is greater than 5.
8. Use of the method of creating a cytoplasmic male sterile line of cotton using binuclear cotton as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 in cotton breeding.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1054699A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-09-25 | 河北省邯郸地区农业科学研究所 | Breeding cotton through hybridization of three varieties |
| CN103098700A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-05-15 | 岳阳市农业科学研究所 | Breeding method of cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1054699A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-09-25 | 河北省邯郸地区农业科学研究所 | Breeding cotton through hybridization of three varieties |
| CN103098700A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-05-15 | 岳阳市农业科学研究所 | Breeding method of cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 棉花雄性不育系104-7A的选育及三系配套;贾占昌;《中国棉花》;19901231(第06期);第11页左栏第2段 * |
| 贾占昌.棉花雄性不育系104-7A的选育及三系配套.《中国棉花》.1990,(第06期),第11页左栏第2段. * |
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