CN107947926A - The synchronous method and device of a kind of quantum key distribution system - Google Patents
The synchronous method and device of a kind of quantum key distribution system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107947926A CN107947926A CN201711284142.5A CN201711284142A CN107947926A CN 107947926 A CN107947926 A CN 107947926A CN 201711284142 A CN201711284142 A CN 201711284142A CN 107947926 A CN107947926 A CN 107947926A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2589—Bidirectional transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
- H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
- H04J14/0242—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of synchronous method of quantum key distribution system, the quantum key distribution system is duplexing QKD system, the Alice of duplexing QKD system both ends QKD equipment can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength respectively, the synchronizable optical of transmission is transmitted in same fiber link, when making in fiber link while running two QKD links, synchronous optical wavelength in both links is different, the Bob of both ends QKD equipment uses optical filter part, synchronizable optical is separated, then synchronizable optical is screened using corresponding discriminator.The present invention also provides a kind of sychronisation of quantum key distribution system.The advantage of the invention is that：The synchronizable optical of different wave length is respectively adopted in duplexing QKD system both ends, solves the problems, such as since synchronous light reflection causes duplexing QKD system to be unable to full duplex operation, and equipment operation is simple and convenient, easy to produce in batches.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of quantum secure communication, in particular, provides a kind of synchronous method of quantum key distribution system
And the duplexing QKD system based on the synchronous method.
Background technology
Quantum key distribution (Quantum Key Distribution, QKD) and the fundamental difference of classic key system exist
In it uses the carrier of single photon or entangled photon pairs as key, and the process is ensure that by quantum-mechanical basic principle
Can not eavesdrop, can not the property decoded, so as to provide a kind of safer key code system.At present, it is real using entangled photon pairs
The technology of existing quantum key distribution is not also very ripe, and distance is practical suitable distance；And the amount realized based on single photon
Quantum key distribution technology, then it is ripe day by day.
The quantum key distribution technology realized based on single photon usually has two kinds of coding modes：Polarization encoder and phase are compiled
Code.Exemplified by a manner of polarization encoder, the basic process of quantum key distribution is：
1) system sender (agreement is known as Alice) selects two groups of basic vectors, and sending a string at random has different polarization states
Photon；
2) system recipient (agreement is known as Bob) is random selects measurement basic vector to be received, due to detection efficient and path
The problem of decay, Bob cannot detect all photons, can only detect photon in some locations at random；
3) Bob notifies Alice that he uses any basic vector on the position for detect photon；
4) Alice contrasts the basic vector used when the basic vector used when oneself sends and Bob measurements, if both are at certain position
Used basic vector is consistent, i.e. the basic vector that uses is correct when Bob is measured, then retains information in this position, and tell Bob he
The measurement basic vector used on which position is correct；
5) Bob leaves the information on the correct position of measurement basic vector；
6) so Alice and Bob just have shared a string of random keys.
It can be seen from the above process during quantum key distribution, Alice and Bob need to carry out basic vector comparison,
Compare Alice is made when sending basic vector used in photon and Bob on some position and detecting the photon of this position
Measure whether basic vector is consistent.In order to ensure that Alice and Bob carry out basic vector comparison, sender on same position
Need accurate " position " synchronous between recipient, otherwise, the key at final Alice and Bob both ends occurs inconsistent
Phenomenon.It is even more important so the synchronous method of system just seems.
Above-mentioned " position ", vivid description are exactly which pulse in one group of light pulse.In transmitting terminal, flashlight
Light pulse is continuously transmitted with fixed frequency, the time slot with fixation between two neighboring light pulse, and the light arteries and veins of synchronizable optical
Punching is continuously transmitted with the fixed frequency more much lower than flashlight transmission frequency.When flashlight and synchronizable optical are sent at the same time,
The continuously flashlight sent between two synchronous light pulses is one group of light pulse.Receiving terminal is receiving continuously
During flashlight, by detecting the signal pulse between two synchronous light pulses, it may be determined that one group of light pulse." the position
Put " information, you can determined by which pulse signal in one group of signal pulse.Due to two neighboring flashlight arteries and veins
There is fixed time slot, above-mentioned " position " namely temporal information between punching.
Fig. 1 shows the synchronous method of prior art.The method of QKD system synchronization is that the Alice of QKD equipment is sent
Synchronizable optical, Bob receive synchronizable optical and complete to screen, and produce synchronizing signal.Quantum channel in system only has an optical fiber, i.e. signal
Light and synchronizable optical are transmitted in same root optical fiber.
In the realization of QKD system, Alice may include N number of signal light laser, and (particular number regards used QKD
Depending on coding protocol) and a synchronous light laser, the wavelength of flashlight is λsignal, the wavelength of synchronizable optical is λsync, and
λsignal≠λsync, both are optically coupled in same root optical fiber, Bob ends are transferred to by fiber link.Bob ends include one
A optical filter part, such as dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) device, the wherein a length of λ of cardiac wavesignal, can be by flashlight and same
Step light separates, and the flashlight separated then is done corresponding subsequent treatment, the synchronizable optical separated is sent into same
Screened in step light discriminator.Discriminator screens out the signal come as synchronizing signal, is used for flashlight subsequent processes.
Unidirectional (one-way) based on the existing method of synchronization, duplexing QKD system are as shown in Fig. 2, every equipment includes hair
Sending end Alice and receiving terminal Bob, can establish two QKD links at the same time between two QKD equipment.Two QKD links difference
It is：The Bob link setups of Alice and QKD equipment _ R of QKD equipment _ L；The Bob link setups of Alice and QKD equipment _ L of QKD equipment _ R.
The synchronizable optical sent by the synchronous light laser of the Alice of QKD equipment _ L, after being transmitted through fiber link, by QKD equipment _ R
Bob synchronizable optical discriminator screen；The synchronizable optical sent by the synchronous light laser of the Alice of QKD equipment _ R, through optical fiber
After link transmission, screened by the synchronizable optical discriminator of the Bob of QKD equipment _ L.
It is from the prior art as can be seen that traditional based on synchronous duplexing QKD system, the Alice of its QKD equipment _ L and
The synchronizable optical that the Alice of QKD equipment _ R is sent is that wavelength is identical.
Among this area, it is defined as " two-way QKD system ", this is referred in the implementation of QKD, and flashlight is from
One QKD ends are sent to the 2nd QKD ends, then return to the first QKD ends along original optical path.In general, is issued from the first QKD ends
The flashlight at two QKD ends is stronger, average each pulse hundreds of or thousands of a photons, and before the first QKD ends are returned to, the
Two QKD ends are attenuated to single photon magnitude (average each one photon or less of pulse).In the fiber link of system only
One QKD link, is two-way (two-way), a process for either simplex.
Documents are such as MAGIQ Technologies Inc.《The two-way QKD system suppressed with back scattering》(Patent No.
200580025415.3), its first QKD station has lasing light emitter luminous at different wavelengths, and multiple single-photon detectors
(SPD) unit.In two-way QKD system, rear orientation light is generally connecting the first and second QKD by stronger output signal light
Produced in the fiber link stood.The signal of the first QKD station is returned in order to which rear orientation light interference is reduced or avoided from the second QKD station
The detection of light, the patent is in the first QKD station of Sequential Activation when each couple of SPD in SPD units, the different light of Sequential Activation
Source.It is the problem of detection of flashlight in two-way QKD system is easily disturbed by rear orientation light that the patent is to be solved, and its is right
Related Control System more demanding calculates the Expected Arrival Time of flashlight, it is necessary to according to the length of actual fiber link,
Expected Arrival Time carries out the activation control of different light source, SPD units, and control accuracy requirement is high, and the Sequential Activation
Process persistently carries out.
When existing synchronous method is applied to unidirectional (one-way), duplex system, as shown in Fig. 2, QKD equipment _ L
The synchronous optical wavelength that the Alice of Alice and QKD equipment _ R is sent is identical, and is transmitted in same root optical fiber.Due to reality
Border fiber link environment is undesirable, and there are fiber end face reflex.For example, as Alice and QKD equipment _ R of QKD equipment _ L
Bob link startups after, there may be reflex, its reflected light to enter QKD for synchronizable optical that the Alice of QKD equipment _ L is sent
The Bob of equipment _ L, so that the synchronizing signal in causing the Bob links of Alice and QKD equipment _ L of QKD equipment _ R is screened by mistake；This
Sample is after the Bob link startups of Alice and QKD equipment _ L of QKD equipment _ R, synchronizable optical meeting that the Alice of QKD equipment _ R is sent
It is interfered, causes system to be not normally functioning.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of synchronous method and device of quantum key distribution system, for solving due to duplexing QKD systems
The wavelength of the Alice synchronizable opticals of Alice and QKD equipment _ R of QKD equipment _ L is identical in system, and caused by synchronous light reflection will lead
The problem of causing two QKD links to run at the same time.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem using following technical scheme：The synchronous method of the present invention, used in duplexing QKD
In system, the Alice of duplexing QKD system both ends QKD equipment can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength respectively, transmission it is same
Step light transmits in same fiber link, when making in fiber link while running two QKD links, the synchronization in both links
Optical wavelength is different, and the Bob of both ends QKD equipment screens synchronizable optical using corresponding discriminator.
It is worth noting that, " two-way QKD system " in " duplexing QKD system " concept and documents that the present invention uses
It is not same concept.
Documents《The two-way QKD system suppressed with back scattering》Middle proposition be QKD a kind of implementation, no
It is the synchronous method of system.In the documents definition of " bilateral system " be system one end QKD equipment (Bob) send it is stronger
Flashlight, be transmitted to the QKD equipment (Alice) of the system other end, will after flashlight is decayed to single photon magnitude by Alice
Flashlight is returned again to Bob by original optical path, and light path is a round-trip process.Light in whole process between two QKD equipment
There was only a QKD active link on fine link, be two-way (two-way), a process for either simplex.
And in present patent application " duplex system " be defined as can " full duplex " work system, duplex system it is every
One end contains Alice and Bob, can establish two QKD links at the same time.Weak signal light (single photon magnitude) can be from QKD
The transmitting terminal Alice of equipment _ L is transmitted to the receiving terminal Bob of QKD equipment _ R, while can also be passed from the Alice of QKD equipment _ R
Transport to the Bob (Fig. 4) of QKD_L.In this way, can the operation two at the same time in fiber link between the both ends QKD equipment of duplex system
Bar QKD active links, are a unidirectional, processes for full duplex.This " bilateral system " with documents is in structure and optical signal
There is very big difference in transmission.
The Alice of duplexing QKD system both ends QKD equipment can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength and examination respectively
Process can be realized by following any method：
1st, the synchronous light laser of two different wave lengths is provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends, and is needed
Configuration control module, the Alice of the QKD equipment through control module control QKD system both ends to be sent out respectively in duplexing QKD system
The synchronizable optical of any wavelength is sent, the synchronizable optical of transmission is sent to the Bob of corresponding QKD equipment in same fiber link, and
And the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part, the synchronizable optical isolated is sent into by optical filter part
Screened among corresponding discriminator, which kind of discriminator the Bob that control module also control the QKD equipment at both ends respectively visits
The signal measured is as synchronizing signal.
, may on a QKD active link there are fiber end face reflex since actual fiber chain environment is undesirable
There are the different synchronizable optical of two-way wavelength, the synchronizable optical of the synchronizable optical of one of which wavelength and another wavelength of reflection, through light
After filtering device, among the corresponding discriminator that can be made a gift to someone respectively.For example, the centre frequency of optical filter part is λ1(in this
Frequency of heart is fixed value under normal circumstances), it is λ when using wavelength1Synchronizable optical when, then after optical filter part, be sent into screen
Screened in device 1；It is λ when using wavelength2Synchronizable optical when, then after optical filter part, except λ1Other optical signals in addition are all sent
Entering and screened in discriminator 2, examination of the interference such as noise in fiber link on synchronizable optical influences very little, can be ignored, because
It is λ that this, which can correctly screen out wavelength,2Synchronizable optical.(that is mentioned in herein below " is sent into the synchronizable optical isolated corresponding
Screened among discriminator " process all referring to the process)
2nd, the synchronous light laser of two different wave lengths is provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends, is sent
Synchronizable optical be sent to the Bob of corresponding QKD equipment in same fiber link, and the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
Bob is each equipped with optical filter part, and the synchronizable optical isolated is sent among corresponding discriminator and is screened by optical filter part,
After system initial configuration, one of QKD equipment is using a length of λ of one of synchronous light laser send wave1Synchronizable optical
Sync1, and use a synchronization using the signal that a corresponding discriminator detects as synchronizing signal, another QKD equipment
The a length of λ of light laser send wave2Synchronizable optical sync2, and believe using the signal that a corresponding discriminator detects as synchronous
Number.
3rd, the synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable, the ripple are provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
Long adjustable synchronous light laser can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, and the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends divides
The synchronizable optical for not sending any wavelength is dispatched by control module, and the synchronizable optical of transmission is sent to pair in same fiber link
The Bob of QKD equipment is answered, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part, and optical filter part will divide
The synchronizable optical separated out is screened among being sent into corresponding discriminator, and control module also control Bob points of the QKD equipment at both ends
The signal which kind of discriminator is not detected is as synchronizing signal.
4th, the synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable, the ripple are provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
Long adjustable synchronous light laser can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, and the synchronizable optical of transmission is in same fiber link
The Bob of corresponding QKD equipment is sent to, the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part, optical filter part
The synchronizable optical isolated is sent among corresponding discriminator and is screened, after system initial configuration, one of QKD equipment
The synchronous a length of λ of light laser send wave1Synchronizable optical sync1, and using the signal that a corresponding discriminator detects as
Synchronizing signal, the synchronous a length of λ of light laser send wave of another QKD equipment2Synchronizable optical sync2, and by corresponding one
The signal that discriminator detects is as synchronizing signal.
5th, the synchronous light laser of a fixed wave length, both ends are provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
The wavelength that sends of synchronous light laser it is different, the synchronizable optical of transmission is sent to corresponding QKD equipment in same fiber link
Bob, the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends screens synchronizable optical using corresponding discriminator.
Present invention also offers a kind of sychronisation of quantum key distribution system, which is duplex
QKD system, including the synchronous light laser of the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is arranged respectively at, QKD system both ends
The synchronous light laser of QKD equipment can send the synchronizable optical of two kinds of different wave lengths respectively, and the QKD at QKD system both ends is set
Standby Bob is each equipped with discriminator, and synchronizable optical is screened using corresponding discriminator.
Specific apparatus structure can be following any：
1st, the synchronous light laser of the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends has two, two synchronous light lasers
Different wavelength can be sent, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part and two kinds of difference
The discriminator for two kinds of different wave lengths that synchronous light laser is sent can be screened, the synchronizable optical isolated is sent into by optical filter part
Screened among corresponding discriminator.
In this kind of structure, control module is also configured in the duplex QKD system, control module control QKD system both ends
The synchronous light laser of QKD equipment sends the synchronizable optical of any wavelength respectively, and control module also control the QKD equipment at both ends
The Bob signals that respectively detect which kind of discriminator as synchronizing signal.
Alternatively, the synchronous light laser of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends sends synchronizable optical and the both ends of any wavelength
QKD equipment Bob respectively using the signal which kind of discriminator detects as synchronizing signal, determined through system initial configuration.
2nd, the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is provided with the synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable, the wavelength
Adjustable synchronization light laser can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
It is each equipped with optical filter part and two kinds of discriminators for being able to screen two kinds of different wave lengths that synchronous light laser is sent, light
The synchronizable optical isolated is sent among corresponding discriminator and is screened by filtering device.
In this kind of structure, control module, the wavelength of the Alice of the QKD equipment at both ends are also configured in the duplex QKD system
The synchronizable optical that adjustable synchronization light laser sends any wavelength respectively is dispatched by control module, and control module also control two
The signal which kind of discriminator the Bob of the QKD equipment at end respectively detects is as synchronizing signal.
Alternatively, the synchronous light laser of the Wavelength tunable of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends sends the synchronization of any wavelength
The Bob of the QKD equipment at light and both ends using the signal which kind of discriminator detects as synchronizing signal, initially matches somebody with somebody through system respectively
Put decision.
3rd, the synchronous light laser that the Alice of the QKD equipment at the QKD system both ends is furnished with is a fixed wave length
Synchronous light laser, the wavelength that the synchronous light laser at both ends is sent is different, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is configured
There is the discriminator that can be fixed and screen received wavelength.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1st, the synchronizable optical of different wave length is respectively adopted in duplexing QKD system both ends, solve due to synchronous light reflection cause it is double
The problem of work QKD system is unable to full duplex operation；
2nd, according to embodiment one and embodiment two, compared to original QKD system, its QKD equipment need to only increase the Alice ends more
One synchronous light laser, or Alice use the synchronous light laser of Wavelength tunable, reach transmittable two kinds of different wave lengths
Function；One optical filter part of more increases and a synchronizable optical discriminator are only needed at Bob ends.Increased device needed for system equipment
Cost is relatively low, and the characteristics of QKD equipment _ L is identical with QKD equipment _ R can be being realized in structure, reaches any two QKD and sets
The standby function that point-to-point connection and communication can be achieved, equipment operation is simple and convenient, easy to produce in batches；
3rd, according to embodiment three, compared to original QKD system, the Alice and Bob of its QKD equipment need not increase any new
Hardware, it is only necessary to when system dispatches from the factory configuration, the same of different wave length is respectively configured for the Alice of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R
Light is walked, accordingly, different discriminators is respectively configured for the Bob of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R, by QKD equipment _ L
Produced in pairs with QKD equipment _ R, equipment operation is simple and convenient, easy to produce in batches；
4th, the Bob ends at duplexing QKD system both ends use optical filter part and two kinds of discriminators, easy to differentiate link-quality,
System debug and positioning problems.For example, the Alice on QKD_L has built up with the Bob on QKD_R and links, bring into operation, if
It was found that Bob ends discriminator corresponding with the synchronous optical wavelength that local terminal Alice is sent has output on QKD_L, then illustrate fiber link
It is upper to there is synchronous light reflection.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the synchronous method in prior art.
Fig. 2 is unidirectional (one-way) based on the existing method of synchronization, duplexing QKD system schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a kind of one schematic diagram of synchronous method scene of the synchronous method of quantum key distribution system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is duplex system schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the duplexing QKD system schematic diagram of the synchronous method based on the present invention.
Fig. 6 is duplexing QKD system schematic diagrames of the Alice using the synchronous light laser of two different wave lengths.
Fig. 7 is duplexing QKD system schematic diagrames of the Alice using the synchronous light laser of a variable wavelength.
Fig. 8 is the duplexing QKD system schematic diagram for the synchronous light laser that Alice and Bob uses different wave length respectively.
Fig. 9 is a kind of two schematic diagram of synchronous method scene of the synchronous method of quantum key distribution system of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.
The transmission of flashlight and synchronizable optical has two kinds of typical scenes in duplexing QKD system.Scene one (Fig. 3) is system both ends
The Alice end signals light and synchronizable optical of QKD equipment, which can be coupling in same root optical fiber, to be transmitted, in this case, system two
The Bob of end QKD equipment needs two-stage optical filter part and two discriminators, and first order optical filter part is by flashlight and synchronizable optical
The synchronizable optical isolated is sent among corresponding discriminator and is screened by separation, second level optical filter part.Scene two (Fig. 9)
It is that the flashlight at the Alice ends of system both ends QKD equipment and synchronizable optical are transmitted in two optical fiber respectively, in this case,
The Bob of system both ends QKD equipment only needs level-one optical filter part and two discriminators, the synchronization that optical filter part will be isolated
Light is screened among being sent into corresponding discriminator.
Following embodiments are the introductions carried out by taking scene one as an example.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the synchronous method scene one of the present invention, and the system using this method shown in figure is only
It is a typical case, not unique situation, the schematic diagram are intended merely to that duplexing QKD system both ends QKD is described in detail
The Alice of equipment sends the one of which process of two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength respectively, and the Bob of both ends QKD equipment is adopted
The specific mistake that flashlight is separated with synchronizable optical with light filtering device, is screened again using corresponding discriminator to synchronizable optical
Journey, is mainly used to illustrate optical filter part separation flashlight and the process of synchronizable optical and the selection of optical filter part.
The Bob ends of QKD equipment _ L and the Alice ends of QKD equipment _ R are eliminated in Fig. 3, only embodies QKD equipment _ L's
The process for unidirectional synchronizable optical that Alice ends are sent to the Bob ends of QKD equipment _ R；The Alice of QKD equipment _ R is set to QKD
The process that the Bob of standby _ L sends synchronizable optical is same.
The Alice of QKD equipment _ L contains multiple signal light lasers and two synchronous light lasers, synchronous light laser 1
With the 2 synchronizable optical λ that can to send two kinds of wavelength respectively different1And λ2.The Alice selections of QKD equipment _ L use one of which wavelength
(λ1Or λ2) synchronizable optical, such as selection wavelength be λ1Synchronizable optical, i.e. synchronizable optical central wavelength lambdasync=λ1, with N Lu Zhizhengs
Wavelength is λsignalSignal be optically coupled in the Bob that QKD equipment _ R is sent in same fiber link.Correspondingly, QKD equipment _
It is λ that the Alice (not shown in Fig. 3) of R, which is selected using wavelength,2Synchronizable optical.
The Bob of QKD equipment _ R isolates flashlight using first order optical filter part, reuses second level optical filter part
Isolate synchronizable optical.Preferably, dense wavelength division multiplexing (Dense Wavelength can be selected in first order optical filter part
Division Multiplexing, DWDM) device, the wherein a length of λ of cardiac wavesignal.Flashlight and synchronizable optical after DWDM devices,
Flashlight is isolated according to centre wavelength, carries out flashlight subsequent treatment；The unified feeding of synchronous optical signal in addition to flashlight
Second level optical filter part.Preferably, DWDM devices, the wherein a length of λ of cardiac wave can be selected in optical filter part in the second level1Or λ2, can divide
Two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength are separated out, are λ by wavelength1Synchronizable optical be sent into discriminator 1 in, be λ by wavelength2Synchronizable optical give
Enter in discriminator 2, to screen synchronizable optical.The signal screened out from discriminator 1 or discriminator 2 is used as synchronizing signal (this example
In be and λ1Corresponding synchronizing signal), used for flashlight subsequent processes.
In the duplexing QKD system structure based on synchronous method described in Fig. 3, every QKD equipment includes transmitting terminal Alice
With receiving terminal Bob, full duplex work can be carried out, in fiber link can transmitting two paths synchronizable optical, as shown in Figure 4.Duplex system
The Alice of both ends QKD equipment contains containing the laser that two kinds of different wave length synchronizable opticals can be transmitted, the Bob of both ends QKD equipment
There is two-stage optical filter part, first order optical filter part may separate out flashlight and synchronizable optical, and second level optical filter part will divide
The synchronizable optical separated out is screened among being sent into corresponding discriminator.
The duplexing QKD system based on the method for synchronization, can also include a top level control module, as shown in figure 5,
The major function of the control module is to control the synchronizable optical which wavelength is used on QKD links.When a link selection ripple
A length of λ1Synchronizable optical sync1 when, in addition a link is then λ using wavelength2Synchronizable optical sync2.Control module can pass through
Software is realized, can also pass through the hardware realization such as microcontroller, FPGA, DSP.
Duplex QKD system of the present invention, its structure is as shown in figure 5, QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is included
Alice and Bob, can establish two QKD links, i.e. Alice and QKD equipment _ R of QKD equipment _ L at the same time between two equipment
Bob between link, and the link between the Bob of Alice and QKD equipment _ L of QKD equipment _ R.Whole duplex QKD systems
System is worked using full-duplex mode.The characteristics of duplexing QKD system, is, the synchronizable optical of different wave length is used on two QKD links,
Avoid the synchronizable optical used when both links wavelength it is identical when, the reflected light of a link synchronization light can disturb another chain
Normal the problem of screening of road synchronizable optical, solve the problems, such as that two QKD links cannot be run at the same time, realize QKD system
Full duplex function.
The Alice of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R can be containing the synchronous ray laser that two kinds of different wave lengths can be transmitted
The Alice of device or QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R use the synchronous light laser of different wave length respectively.If QKD is set
The Alice of standby _ L and QKD equipment _ R is the first situation, then the Bob of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is filtered containing two-stage light
Wave device, separates the synchronizable optical of flashlight and two kinds of different wave lengths；If the Alice of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is second
Kind of situation, then the Bob of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R comprise only level-one optical filter part, separate flashlight and synchronizable optical.
In the duplexing QKD system the synchronous light laser of the Alice of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R can include,
But it is not limited to following several forms：
Embodiment one (uses the synchronous light laser of two different wave lengths)
Option1 (wavelength for the synchronizable optical that Alice is sent is determined by control module)：
As shown in fig. 6, the Alice of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is each equipped with two synchronous light lasers --- it is synchronous
Light laser 1 and synchronous light laser 2, wherein synchronous light laser 1 regularly sends synchronizable optical sync1, wavelength λ1, it is synchronous
Light laser 2 regularly sends synchronizable optical sync2, wavelength λ2, and λ1≠λ2.The Bob of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R matches somebody with somebody
Two-stage optical filter part is equipped with, first order optical filter part may separate out flashlight and synchronizable optical, and second level optical filter part can
The different synchronizable optical of two-way wavelength is isolated, as shown in Figure 3.Second level optical filter part distinguishes the two-way synchronizable optical isolated
It is sent among corresponding discriminator, regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 11Synchronizable optical sync1, discriminator 2 is regularly
Screening center's wavelength is λ2Synchronizable optical sync2.
Control module is configured with the duplexing QKD system, to control QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R to send out respectively
Send the synchronizable optical sync1 and sync2 that wavelength is different；Meanwhile the synchronizable optical of Alice transmissions is correspond to, control module also control
The signal which kind of discriminator the Bob of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R respectively detects is as synchronizing signal.
Specific implementation is as follows：On link between the Bob of Alice and QKD equipment _ R of QKD equipment _ L, control module
The Alice for dispatching QKD equipment _ L uses synchronous light laser 1, a length of λ of send wave1Synchronizable optical sync1；Then in QKD equipment _ R
Bob ends, flashlight is isolated by first order optical filter part, then synchronizable optical sync1 is isolated by second level optical filter part.
Dispatched through control module, the signal that discriminator 1 is detected is as synchronizing signal.
Accordingly, on the link between the Bob of Alice and QKD equipment _ L of QKD equipment _ R, control module scheduling
The Alice of QKD equipment _ R uses synchronous light laser 2, a length of λ of send wave2Synchronizable optical sync2；Then QKD equipment _ L's
Bob ends, flashlight is isolated by first order optical filter part, then isolates synchronizable optical sync2 by second level optical filter part.Through
Control module is dispatched, and the signal that discriminator 2 is detected is as synchronizing signal.
Be using the benefit of control module, when a certain QKD links synchronization when something goes wrong, such as the QKD links
Synchronous light laser or discriminator occur it is abnormal, then can be by control module easily to the synchronization in the QKD equipment of both ends
Light laser and discriminator are scheduled switching, make full duplex QKD system remain to work normally.If for example, QKD equipment _ L
The synchronous ray laser of Alice uses of 1 operation irregularity of synchronous light laser that Alice is used, then control module scheduling QKD equipment _ L
Device 2, the signal that the Bob of scheduling QKD equipment _ R detects discriminator 2 is as synchronizing signal；Meanwhile control module scheduling QKD
The Alice of equipment _ R is using synchronous light laser 1, and the Bob of scheduling QKD equipment _ L is using the signal that discriminator 1 detects as same
Walk signal.
Option2 (wavelength for the synchronizable optical that Alice is sent is by initial configuration)：
The Alice of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is each equipped with two synchronous light laser --- synchronous light lasers 1
With synchronous light laser 2.Synchronous light laser 1 regularly sends synchronizable optical sync1, wavelength λ1；Synchronous light laser 2 is fixed
Ground sends synchronizable optical sync2, wavelength λ2, and λ1≠λ2。
The Bob of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is each equipped with two-stage optical filter part, and first order optical filter part can divide
Flashlight is separated out, second level optical filter part may separate out two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, as shown in Figure 3.Second level light filter
Among the two-way synchronizable optical isolated is respectively fed to corresponding discriminator by wave device, the regularly screening center's wavelength of discriminator 1
For λ1Synchronizable optical sync1, regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 22Synchronizable optical sync2.
After system initial configuration, QKD equipment _ L sends synchronizable optical sync1 using synchronous light laser 1, and by discriminator
2 signals detected are as synchronizing signal；QKD equipment _ R sends synchronizable optical sync2 using synchronous light laser 2, and will screen
The signal that device 1 detects is as synchronizing signal.
When a certain QKD links synchronization when something goes wrong, such as synchronous light laser or discriminator for the QKD links
There is exception, then can be by modes such as system re-initializations, to the synchronous light laser and discriminator in the QKD equipment of both ends
Switching is scheduled, makes full duplex QKD system remain to work normally.If for example, synchronizable optical that the Alice of QKD equipment _ L is used
1 operation irregularity of laser, then re-start initialization to duplexing QKD system, in initial configuration, configuration QKD equipment _ L's
Alice is using synchronous light laser 2, and the signal that the Bob of configuration QKD equipment _ R detects discriminator 2 is as synchronizing signal；Together
When, the Alice of configuration QKD equipment _ R using synchronous light laser 1, what the Bob of configuration QKD equipment _ L detected discriminator 1
Signal is as synchronizing signal.
Embodiment two (uses the synchronous light laser of a variable wavelength)
Option1 (wavelength for the synchronizable optical that Alice is sent is determined by control module)：
As shown in fig. 7, the Alice of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is using the synchronous ray laser of a Wavelength tunable
Synchronizable optical sync1, wavelength λ can be transmitted in device, the synchronous light laser of the Wavelength tunable1, synchronizable optical sync2, ripple also can be transmitted
A length of λ2, and λ1≠λ2, it sends the wavelength of synchronizable optical and is dispatched by control module.The Bob of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R matches somebody with somebody
Two-stage optical filter part is equipped with, first order optical filter part may separate out flashlight and synchronizable optical, and second level optical filter part can
The synchronizable optical of different wave length is isolated, as shown in Figure 3.By the two-way synchronizable optical isolated be respectively fed to corresponding discriminator it
In, it is λ that discriminator 1, which regularly screens wavelength,1Synchronizable optical sync1, it is λ that discriminator 2, which regularly screens wavelength,2Synchronizable optical
sync2。
Control module is configured with the duplexing QKD system, to control Alice and QKD equipment _ R of QKD equipment _ L
Alice send different the synchronizable optical sync1 and sync2 of wavelength respectively.Meanwhile the synchronizable optical of Alice transmissions is correspond to, control
The Bob that module also control QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R believes using the signal which kind of discriminator detects as synchronous respectively
Number.
Specific implementation is as follows：On link between the Bob of Alice and QKD equipment _ R of QKD equipment _ L, control module
The Alice for dispatching QKD equipment _ L uses the synchronous light laser of Wavelength tunable, a length of λ of send wave1Synchronizable optical sync1；Then exist
The Bob ends of QKD equipment _ R, flashlight is isolated by first order optical filter part, then is isolated together by second level optical filter part
Walk light sync1.Dispatched through control module, the signal that discriminator 1 is detected is as synchronizing signal.
Accordingly, on the link between the Bob of Alice and QKD equipment _ L of QKD equipment _ R, control module scheduling
The Alice of QKD equipment _ R uses the synchronous light laser of Wavelength tunable, a length of λ of send wave2Synchronizable optical sync2；Then in QKD
The Bob ends of equipment _ L, flashlight is isolated by first order optical filter part, then isolates synchronizable optical by second level optical filter part
sync2.Dispatched through control module, the signal that discriminator 2 is detected is as synchronizing signal.
Option2 (wavelength for the synchronizable optical that Alice is sent is by initial configuration)：
For the Alice of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R using the synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable, which can
Synchronizable optical sync1, wavelength λ can be transmitted in the synchronous light laser of tune1, synchronizable optical sync2, wavelength λ also can be transmitted2, and λ1≠
λ2。
The Bob of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is each equipped with two-stage optical filter part, and first order optical filter part can divide
Flashlight and synchronizable optical are separated out, second level optical filter part may separate out the synchronizable optical of two kinds of different wave lengths, as shown in Figure 3.Will
The two-way synchronizable optical isolated is respectively fed among corresponding discriminator, and regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 11It is same
Light sync1 is walked, regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 22Synchronizable optical sync2.
In system initial configuration, QKD equipment _ a length of λ of L send waves can configure1Synchronizable optical sync1, and by discriminator 2
The signal detected is as synchronizing signal；Configure QKD equipment _ a length of λ of R send waves2Synchronizable optical sync2, and discriminator 1 is visited
The signal measured is as synchronizing signal.
Embodiment three (system both ends are respectively using the synchronous light laser of a different wave length)
As shown in figure 8, QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is respectively using the synchronous light laser of a different wave length, it is synchronous
The regularly a length of λ of send wave of light laser 11Synchronizable optical sync1, the synchronous light laser 2 regularly a length of λ of send wave2Synchronization
Light sync2, and λ1≠λ2.The Bob of QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R uses level-one optical filter part, to isolate signal
Light and synchronizable optical.Synchronizable optical after separation is sent into discriminator, and regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 11Synchronizable optical
Sync1, regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 22Synchronizable optical sync2.
Specific implementation is as follows：On link between the Bob of Alice and QKD equipment _ R of QKD equipment _ L, QKD equipment _ L
Alice using synchronous light laser 1, the regularly a length of λ of send wave1Synchronizable optical sync1, then in the Bob of QKD equipment _ R
End, after isolating synchronizable optical through level-one optical filter part, it is λ to carry out screening center's wavelength using discriminator 11Synchronizable optical
sync1.Accordingly, on the link between the Bob of Alice and QKD equipment _ L of QKD equipment _ R, QKD equipment _ R's
Alice uses synchronous light laser 2, regularly a length of λ of send wave2Synchronizable optical sync2, then at the Bob ends of QKD equipment _ L,
After isolating synchronizable optical through level-one optical filter part, it is λ to carry out screening center's wavelength using discriminator 22Synchronizable optical sync2.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the synchronous method Scene two of the present invention.The system using this method shown in Fig. 9
A simply typical case, is not unique situation.Bob ends and the QKD equipment _ R of QKD equipment _ L is eliminated in Fig. 9
Alice ends, only embody the mistake of unidirectional synchronizable optical of Bob end transmission of the Alice ends of QKD equipment _ L to QKD equipment _ R
Journey；The process that the Alice of QKD equipment _ R sends synchronizable optical to the Bob of QKD equipment _ L is same.
Flashlight shown in scene two is transmitted using two fiber links respectively with synchronizable optical, is equally applicable in the present invention
Embodiment one, two, three described in several situations.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the invention, is not intended to limit the invention creation, all at this
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principle of innovation and creation etc., should be included in the invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of synchronous method of quantum key distribution system, which is duplexing QKD system, its feature exists
In：The Alice of duplexing QKD system both ends QKD equipment can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, the synchronizable optical of transmission respectively
Transmitted in same fiber link, when making in fiber link while running two QKD links, the synchronous light wave in both links
Long different, the Bob of both ends QKD equipment screens synchronizable optical using corresponding discriminator.
2. the synchronous method of quantum key distribution system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The synchronous method tool
Body includes：The synchronous light laser of two different wave lengths is provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends, and in duplex
Configuration control module in QKD system, the Alice of the QKD equipment through control module control QKD system both ends send any respectively
The synchronizable optical of wavelength, the synchronizable optical of transmission are sent to the Bob of corresponding QKD equipment, and QKD system in same fiber link
The Bob of the QKD equipment at both ends is each equipped with optical filter part, and the synchronizable optical isolated is sent into corresponding examination by optical filter part
Screened among device, control module also control the signal which kind of discriminator the Bob of the QKD equipment at both ends respectively detects
As synchronizing signal.
3. the synchronous method of quantum key distribution system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The synchronous method tool
Body includes：The synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable is provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends, which can
The synchronous light laser of tune can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, the Alice difference of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
The synchronizable optical for sending any wavelength is dispatched by control module, and the synchronizable optical of transmission is sent to correspondence in same fiber link
The Bob of QKD equipment, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part, and optical filter part will separate
The synchronizable optical gone out is screened among being sent into corresponding discriminator, and control module also control the Bob difference of the QKD equipment at both ends
The signal which kind of discriminator is detected is as synchronizing signal.
4. the synchronous method of quantum key distribution system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The synchronous method tool
Body includes：The synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable is provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends, which can
The synchronous light laser of tune can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, and the synchronizable optical of transmission is sent out in same fiber link
The Bob of corresponding QKD equipment is given, the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part, and optical filter part will
The synchronizable optical isolated is screened among being sent into corresponding discriminator, after system initial configuration, one of QKD equipment
The synchronous a length of λ of light laser send wave1Synchronizable optical sync1, and using the signal that a corresponding discriminator detects as same
Walk signal, the synchronous a length of λ of light laser send wave of another QKD equipment2Synchronizable optical sync2, and by corresponding one Zhen
The signal that other device detects is as synchronizing signal.
5. the synchronous method of quantum key distribution system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The synchronous method tool
Body includes：Be provided with the synchronous light laser of a fixed wave length in the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends, both ends it is same
The wavelength difference that light laser is sent is walked, the synchronizable optical of transmission is sent to corresponding QKD equipment in same fiber link
Bob, the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends screen synchronizable optical using corresponding discriminator.
6. a kind of sychronisation of quantum key distribution system, which is duplexing QKD system, its feature exists
In：The synchronous light laser of Alice including the QKD equipment that is arranged respectively at QKD system both ends, the QKD at QKD system both ends are set
Standby synchronous light laser can send the synchronizable optical of two kinds of different wave lengths respectively, and the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
Bob is each equipped with discriminator, and synchronizable optical is screened using corresponding discriminator.
7. the sychronisation of quantum key distribution system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：The QKD at QKD system both ends
The synchronous light laser of the Alice of equipment has two, and two synchronous light lasers can send different wavelength, and QKD
The Bob of the QKD equipment at system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part and two kinds are able to screen what synchronous light laser was sent
The synchronizable optical isolated is sent among corresponding discriminator and is screened by the discriminator of two kinds of different wave lengths, optical filter part；
Control module, the synchronous ray laser of the QKD equipment at control module control QKD system both ends are also configured in the duplex QKD system
Device sends the synchronizable optical of any wavelength respectively, which kind of the Bob that control module also control the QKD equipment at both ends respectively screens
The signal that device detects is as synchronizing signal.
8. the sychronisation of quantum key distribution system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：The QKD at QKD system both ends
The Alice of equipment is provided with the synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable, and the synchronous light laser of the Wavelength tunable can be sent
The different synchronizable optical of two kinds of wavelength, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part and two kinds points
The discriminator for two kinds of different wave lengths that synchronous light laser is sent can not be screened, optical filter part send the synchronizable optical isolated
Enter and screened among corresponding discriminator.
9. the sychronisation of quantum key distribution system as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：The duplex QKD system
In also configure control module, the synchronous light laser of the Wavelength tunable of the Alice of the QKD equipment at both ends sends any ripple respectively
Long synchronizable optical is dispatched by control module, which kind of discriminator the Bob that control module also control the QKD equipment at both ends respectively visits
The signal measured is as synchronizing signal.
10. the sychronisation of quantum key distribution system as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：QKD system both ends
The synchronous light laser of the Wavelength tunable of QKD equipment sends Bob points of the synchronizable optical of any wavelength and the QKD equipment at both ends
Not using the signal which kind of discriminator detects as synchronizing signal, determined through system initial configuration.
11. the sychronisation of quantum key distribution system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：The QKD system both ends
QKD equipment the synchronous light lasers be furnished with of Alice be a fixed wave length synchronous light laser, the synchronizable optical at both ends
The wavelength that laser is sent is different, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends, which is each equipped with fixing, screens received wavelength
Discriminator.
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| CN114268421A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-01 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | Method for transmitting single-fiber QKD system synchronization signal |
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| CN106470101B (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2020-03-10 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Identity authentication method, device and system for quantum key distribution process |
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| CN107733638B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2024-02-02 | 上海国盾量子信息技术有限公司 | Duplex quantum key distribution system and synchronization method |
| CN106161010B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2023-06-20 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | High-bit-rate point-to-point QKD system, transmitting end, receiving end and QKD method |
| CN108206716B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2020-11-17 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Synchronization method and device applied to quantum key distribution system and distribution system |
| US11329809B2 (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2022-05-10 | University Of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg | Method and system for hybrid classical-quantum communication |
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| CN104202157A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
| CN107947926B (en) | 2021-07-30 |
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