CN208924260U - A kind of MDI-QKD network communicating system - Google Patents
A kind of MDI-QKD network communicating system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of MDI-QKD network communicating system, each described communication unit is set and corresponds to a kind of fiber mode；The corresponding fiber mode of all communication units is not exactly the same, at least has that there are two the fiber mode of communication unit is not identical.When two user terminals of same communication unit are communicated, the quantum signal of the corresponding fiber mode of communication unit where the two is sent to central node equipment.Synchronization, the communication unit with different fiber modes can be communicated simultaneously based on different fiber modes；In communication unit with same fiber mode, synchronization only one communication unit be can communicate.Therefore the fiber mode of communication unit is different there are two at least having, when two user terminals in a communication unit are communicated, two user terminals at least one other communication unit can be communicated simultaneously, can greatly improve the access quantity of user terminal in traffic rate and network.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to technical field of photo communication, more specifically, being related to a kind of MDI-QKD, (measuring device is unrelated
Quantum key distribution) network communicating system.
Background technique
Quantum key distribution (Quantum Key Distribution, abbreviation QKD) technology can be between communicating pair
Generate unconditional security key thus receive significant attention.There are many kinds of communication protocols for quantum communications, such as BB84 agreement, COW
Agreement etc..Agreement defines the process of quantum communications.
Most basic and most important agreement is BB84 agreement, basic process in quantum communications are as follows: sender's exit dose
Subsignal pulse, by pulse Stochastic Modulation at four kinds of different polarization states such as 0 °, 90 °, 45 °, -45 °, recipient randomly chooses measurement
Basic vector (rectangle basic vector or diagonal basic vector) measures quantum signal.After being measured, communicating pair announces measurement basic vector,
And basic vector comparison is carried out, using error correction and privacy amplification process, generate final security key.
In this process, recipient needs the measurement result of trust exploitation device.However, studies have shown that there are some needles
To the attack means of detector, such as strong photic blind attack, time migration attack, dead time attack, it can be obtained from detector end
Cipher key related information is taken, the safety of quantum communications is influenced.2012, Canadian scientist Chinese Luo Kaiguang et al. proposed survey
The quantum communications scheme for measuring equipment unrelated (Measurement-device-independent, MDI) is solved at one stroke for spy
Survey the attack (Phys.Rev.Lett.108,130503 (2012)) of device.In the program, the receiving end of quantum communications and transmitting terminal
It is similar with BB84 protocol procedures to third party's quantum signal.After third party receives quantum signal, one point is utilized
Beam device BS and two polarization beam apparatus PBS carry out the measurement of Bell's state, and measurement result is detected using 4 detectors.
With the fast development of quantum communications, people are higher and higher for the demand of quantum secure network.2016, China
The Tang Yanlin et al. of scientific and technical university realize a kind of quantum communication network that measuring device is unrelated (Phys.Rev.X6,
011204(2016)).In the program, different user terminals to relay node (i.e. above-mentioned third party) quantum signal,
Relay node selects to complete signal soft exchange Bell's state measuring system of two of them user terminal into quantum survey by photoswitch
Amount generates final security key by necessary data handling procedure.In which, select to carry out quantum communications by photoswitch
User terminal, two user terminals can only be allowed to carry out quantum communications simultaneously, when two user terminals are communicated, other
User terminal can not be communicated.
Utility model content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, technical solutions of the utility model provide a kind of MDI-QKD network communicating system, when one
When two user terminals in a communication unit are communicated, two user terminals at least one other communication unit can be with
It is communicated simultaneously, the access quantity of user terminal in traffic rate and network can be greatly improved.
To achieve the goals above, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:
A kind of MDI-QKD network communicating system, the MDI-QKD network communicating system include: N number of user terminal and in
Heart node device, N are the positive integer greater than 2；
The different user terminal of any two is a communication unit, and N number of user terminal forms altogetherA communication unit；
Each described communication unit corresponds to a kind of fiber mode；The corresponding fiber mode of all communication units is endless
It is exactly the same；Two user terminals in the same communication unit send the communication unit to the central node equipment
The quantum signal of corresponding fiber mode；
The central node equipment is used to obtain the quantum signal of each fiber mode；
Wherein, the quantum signal that the central node equipment obtains is used to carry out quantum measurement and data processing,
To generate quantum key.
Preferably, in above-mentioned MDI-QKD network communicating system, the central node equipment includes:
N number of mode treatment module, the mode treatment module connect one to one with the user terminal；
Two user terminals in the same communication unit pass through the mode treatment mould being correspondingly connected with respectively
Block is connect with same Bell's state measuring device, and Bell's state measuring device is used to carry out quantum survey to received quantum signal
Amount.
Preferably, in above-mentioned MDI-QKD network communicating system, each user terminal is located at the N-1 communications
Unit；For any user terminal, for sending the quantum signal of m kind fiber mode, m is the positive integer no more than N-1.
Preferably, in above-mentioned MDI-QKD network communicating system, the mode treatment module has 1 input terminal and m
A output end；
The input terminal of the mode treatment module is used to obtain the quantum signal that the user terminal being correspondingly connected with is sent,
Its m output end and the m kind fiber mode correspond, each output end is used to export a kind of quantum letter of fiber mode
The quantum signal for number being converted to basic mode, is sent to connected Bell's state measuring device.
Preferably, in above-mentioned MDI-QKD network communicating system, the mode treatment module includes: a mode multiplexing
Device, the pattern multiplexer have 1 input terminal and m output end；The input terminal of the pattern multiplexer is for acquisition pair
The quantum signal that the user terminal that should be connected is sent；M output end of the pattern multiplexer and the m kind fiber mode
It corresponds, each output end is for a kind of corresponding quantum signal for exporting fiber mode；
M mode converter, a mode converter individually connect an output end of the pattern multiplexer, institute
Mode converter is stated for the fiber mode of the quantum signal received to be converted to basic mode, is sent to corresponding Bell's state
Measuring device.
Preferably, in above-mentioned MDI-QKD network communicating system, the mode treatment module includes: mode conversion multiplexing
Device；
The mode conversion duplexer have an input terminal and m output end, the mode conversion duplexer it is defeated
Enter the quantum signal that end is sent for obtaining the user terminal being correspondingly connected with, m output of the mode conversion duplexer
End is corresponded with the m kind fiber mode, each output end exports a kind of fiber mode and be converted to basic mode for corresponding
Quantum signal.
Preferably, in above-mentioned MDI-QKD network communicating system, in the different mode treatment modules, same light is exported
The output end that the quantum signal of fine mode is converted to the quantum signal of basic mode connects same Bell's state measuring device；
The output end for the quantum signal that the quantum signal for exporting different fiber modes is converted to basic mode connects different described
Bell's state measuring device.
Preferably, in above-mentioned MDI-QKD network communicating system, further includes: time delay module and beam splitting module；
The time delay module includes multiple delayers to connect one to one with mode treatment module output end；
The beam splitting module includes two bundling devices；
In the mode treatment module that two user terminals of the same communication unit are correspondingly connected with, same light is exported
The output end that the quantum signal of fine mode is converted to the quantum signal of basic mode pass through respectively the delayer connect it is different
The bundling device, all bundling devices connect same Bell's state measuring device.
Preferably, in above-mentioned MDI-QKD network communicating system, N=3.
As can be seen from the above description, in the MDI-QKD network communicating system that technical solutions of the utility model provide, N number of use
Family terminal can formA communication unit, there are two user terminals for each communication unit tool.Each institute
It states communication unit and corresponds to a kind of fiber mode；The corresponding fiber mode of all communication units is not exactly the same, so at least
There are two the fiber mode of communication unit is not identical for tool.When two user terminals of same communication unit are communicated, the two
The quantum signal of the corresponding fiber mode of communication unit where being sent to central node equipment.In this way, synchronization, has not
Communication unit with fiber mode can be communicated simultaneously based on different fiber modes；Communication with same fiber mode
In unit, synchronization only one communication unit be can communicate.Therefore, in technical solutions of the utility model, due to all
The corresponding fiber mode of the communication unit is not exactly the same, therefore different, the institute that at least has that there are two the fiber modes of communication unit
With two user's ends when two user terminals in a communication unit are communicated, at least one other communication unit
End can be communicated simultaneously, can greatly improve the access quantity of user terminal in traffic rate and network.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the embodiment of the utility model or the technical proposal in the existing technology more clearly, below will be to embodiment
Or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only
It is the embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, also
Other attached drawings can be obtained according to the attached drawing of offer.
Fig. 1 is a kind of existing structural schematic diagram of MDI-QKD network communicating system；
Fig. 2 a is a kind of structural schematic diagram of MDI-QKD network communicating system provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 2 b is that a kind of Bell's state measuring device provided by the embodiment of the utility model integrates bundling device formation three tunnels input
Schematic illustration；
Fig. 3 is another kind MDI-QKD network communicating system provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of another MDI-QKD network communicating system provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 5 a is the original that the utility model embodiment reduces detector quantity in Bell's state measuring device by time division multiplexing
Manage schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 b is the structural schematic diagram of another MDI-QKD network communicating system provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of one mode converter provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of one mode multiplexer provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of one mode conversion duplexer provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 9 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of Bell's state measuring device provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
A kind of position Figure 10 flow diagram of MDI-QKD communication means provided by the embodiment of the utility model.
Specific embodiment
The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, carries out the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model
Clearly and completely describe, it is clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than whole
Embodiment.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are without making creative work
Every other embodiment obtained, fall within the protection scope of the utility model.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of existing structural schematic diagram of MDI-QKD network communicating system, MDI-QKD shown in Fig. 1
Network communicating system has N number of user terminal 11, is followed successively by the 1st user terminal the-the N user terminal, user terminal 11 is in
It is connected after node.Relay node includes photoswitch 12, selects the signal of two user terminals 11 to access Bell by photoswitch 12
State measuring system completes quantum measurement.Bell's state measuring system includes a beam splitter BS and two detectors 13.
As stated in the background art, mode shown in Fig. 1 needs the user terminal for selecting to carry out quantum communications by photoswitch 12
11, synchronization is only capable of so that two user terminals 11 are communicated, such as when the 1st user terminal and the 2nd user terminal are led to
When letter, the 3rd user terminal can not just be communicated, that is to say, that the limited time that each user terminal 11 can be used to communicate.
On the other hand, photoswitch 12 is unfavorable for high rate there are switch speed between certain decaying and different channel is slow at present
Son communication.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of MDI-QKD network communicating system and logical
N number of user terminal is divided by letter methodA communication unit.Each described communication unit corresponds to a kind of fiber mode；It is all
The corresponding fiber mode of the communication unit is not exactly the same；Two user terminals in the same communication unit to
The central node equipment sends the quantum signal of the corresponding fiber mode of the communication unit.
In this way, synchronization, the communication unit with different fiber modes based on different fiber modes can simultaneously into
Row communication；In communication unit with same fiber mode, synchronization only one communication unit be can communicate.Therefore,
In technical solutions of the utility model, since the corresponding fiber mode of all communication units is not exactly the same, therefore at least have
The fiber mode of two communication units is different, so when two user terminals in a communication unit are communicated, at least
Two user terminals in one other communication unit can be communicated simultaneously, can greatly improve traffic rate and network
The access quantity of middle user terminal.
Simultaneously as being communicated by the quantum signal of a variety of fiber modes, the side of multiplexing can be converted by mode
Formula selection determines that the user terminal of two communications in same communication unit avoids without photoswitch using photoswitch
The slow problem of switch speed, may be implemented high speed quantum communications between caused decaying and different channels.
To keep the above objects, features, and advantages of the utility model more obvious and easy to understand, with reference to the accompanying drawing and have
Body embodiment is described in further detail the utility model.
With reference to Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 a is that a kind of structure of MDI-QKD network communicating system provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown
It is intended to, MDI-QKD network communicating system shown in Fig. 2 a includes N number of user terminal 21 and central node equipment 22, and N is greater than 2
Positive integer.
The different user terminal 21 of any two is a communication unit, and N number of user terminal forms altogetherA communication unit.It in mode shown in Fig. 2 a, is illustrated by taking N=3 as an example, the MDI-QKD network communication
There are three user terminals 21 for system tool, are followed successively by the first user terminal, second user terminal and third user terminal.Three use
Family terminal combination of two can form three communication units.It should be noted that the number of N can be set according to communication requirement,
The utility model includes but is not limited to N=3, and N can be arbitrarily large in 2 positive integer.
Each described communication unit corresponds to a kind of fiber mode；The corresponding fiber mode of all communication units is endless
It is exactly the same；Two user terminals 21 in the same communication unit send the communication to the central node equipment 22
The quantum signal of the corresponding fiber mode of unit.In this way, can select to determine by the fiber mode of quantum signal same logical
Two user terminals 21 in unit are believed, so that the two carries out quantum communications.
The central node equipment 22 is used to obtain the quantum signal of each fiber mode；Wherein, the central node
The quantum signal that equipment 22 obtains is for carrying out quantum measurement and data processing, to generate quantum key.Central node
After the quantum signal of 22 pairs of equipment acquisitions carries out quantum measurement, data processing is carried out, and quantum is generated based on data processed result
Key.Measurement result can be sent to host computer by central node equipment 22, carry out data processing by host computer, and based on number
Quantum key is generated according to processing result.
In the MDI-QKD network communicating system, the central node equipment 22 includes: N number of mode treatment module 31, institute
It states mode treatment module 31 to connect one to one with the user terminal 21, the first user terminal-third user terminal respectively connects
Connect a mode treatment module 31.Two user terminals 21 in the same communication unit, respectively by being correspondingly connected with
The mode treatment module 31 connect with same Bell's state measuring device 32, Bell's state measuring device 32 be used for reception
Quantum signal carry out quantum measurement.If the first user terminal and second user terminal are a communication unit, the two is sent out simultaneously
It penetrates the channel of fiber mode 1. and passes through the mode treatment module 31 respectively connected respectively and connect with same Bell's state measuring device 32,
If the first user terminal and third user terminal are a communication unit, the two is led in the channel of launching fiber mode 2. respectively simultaneously
The mode treatment module 31 respectively connected is crossed to connect with same Bell's state measuring device 32.The channel connection of different fiber modes is not
Same Bell's state measuring device 32.
Each user terminal is located at the N-1 communication units, i.e. any one user terminal 21 can be with other N-1
A user terminal 21 is respectively formed a communication unit.For any user terminal 21, for sending m kind fiber mode
Quantum signal, m is positive integer no more than N-1.If all communication units have different fiber modes, any one
The corresponding N-1 communication unit of user terminal 21 respectively corresponds a kind of fiber mode, then needing the user terminal 21 that can go out
The quantum signal of m=N-1 kind fiber mode is penetrated, if different communication units fiber mode having the same, m < N-1.
The corresponding m value of each user terminal 21 can be identical or different, in mode shown in Fig. 2 a, the corresponding m of all user terminals 21
It is worth not exactly the same, the first user terminal and third user terminal are used to send the quantum signal of 2 kinds of fiber modes, and second uses
Family terminal is used to send the quantum signal of a kind of fiber mode.
The mode treatment module 31 has 1 input terminal and m output end；The input of the mode treatment module 31
The quantum signal that end is sent for obtaining the user terminal 21 being correspondingly connected with, m output end and the m kind fiber mode
It corresponds, the quantum signal that each output end is used to export a kind of fiber mode is converted to the quantum signal of basic mode, sends
To the Bell's state measuring device 32 connected.
In Fig. 2 a illustrated embodiment, the mode treatment module 31 includes: a pattern multiplexer 33, the mode
Multiplexer 33 has 1 input terminal and m output end；The input terminal of the pattern multiplexer 33 is used to obtain to be correspondingly connected with
The quantum signal that the user terminal 21 is sent；M output end of the pattern multiplexer 33 and the m kind fiber mode are one by one
Corresponding, each output end is for a kind of corresponding quantum signal for exporting fiber mode；M mode converter 34, described in one
Mode converter 34 individually connects an output end of the pattern multiplexer 33, and the mode converter 34 will be for that will receive
The fiber mode of quantum signal be converted to basic mode, be sent to corresponding Bell's state measuring device 32.
In the mode shown in Fig. 2 a, three user terminals can form three communication units, and there are different communication unit tools
There is identical fiber mode, there are two types of fiber modes for three communication unit tools 1., 2..As shown in Figure 2 a, second user terminal with
The communication unit that first user terminal is formed and the communication unit fiber mode having the same formed with third user terminal
①.2. the communication unit that first user terminal and third user terminal are formed has fiber mode, fiber mode 1. with optical fiber mode
2. formula is different fiber mode.
In the mode shown in Fig. 2 a, the communication unit that the first user terminal and third user terminal are constituted sends optical fiber simultaneously
2., the two passes through the output end of the corresponding fiber mode of the mode treatment module 31 respectively connected 2. and surveys with same Bell's state mode
It measures device 32 to connect, the communication unit and constitute with third user terminal that second user terminal is constituted with the first user terminal
Communication unit fiber mode having the same 1., which may only have one to be communicated, should
The output end of the corresponding fiber mode of the mode treatment module 31 that three user terminals 21 are respectively connected 1. is surveyed with same Bell's state
Device 32 is measured to connect.Which is needed using two Bell's state measuring devices 321 and 322.The position of three user terminals in Fig. 2 a
Setting arbitrarily to exchange.
The Principle of Communication of MDI-QKD network communicating system shown in Fig. 2 a is as follows:
When first user terminal and third user terminal carry out quantum communications: the first user terminal launching fiber mode is 2.
Quantum signal is exported by the pattern multiplexer 33 connected for the output end of output optical fibre mode 2., into what is connected
Mode converter 34 is converted into fundamental signal and inputs Bell's state measuring device 322 again；Third user terminal also launching fiber mode
2. quantum signal, exported by the pattern multiplexer 33 that is connected for the output end of output optical fibre mode 2., into company, institute
The mode converter 34 connect is converted into fundamental signal and inputs Bell's state measuring device 322 again；From the first user terminal and third
The quantum signal of user terminal inputs Bell's state measuring device 322 simultaneously and completes quantum measurement, carries out further according to MDI-QKD agreement
Necessary data handling procedure generates final security key.
When second user terminal and the first user terminal carry out quantum communications: second user terminal transmission fiber mode is 1.
Quantum signal exports later by the pattern multiplexer 33 connected, into the mode converter 34 connected, is converted into basic mode
Signal inputs Bell's state measuring device 321 again；The first user terminal also quantum signal of launching fiber mode 1., by being connected
Pattern multiplexer 33 for output optical fibre mode 1. output end output, into the mode converter 34 connected, be converted into
Fundamental signal inputs Bell's state measuring device 321 again；Signal from second user terminal and the first user terminal inputs simultaneously
Bell's state measuring device 321 completes quantum measurement, carries out necessary data handling procedure further according to MDI-QKD agreement and generates finally
Security key.
When second user terminal and third user terminal carry out quantum communications: second user terminal transmission fiber mode is 1.
Quantum signal exports later by the pattern multiplexer 33 connected, into the mode converter 34 connected, is converted into basic mode
Signal inputs Bell's state measuring device 321 again；The third user terminal also quantum signal of launching fiber mode 1., by being connected
Pattern multiplexer 33 for output optical fibre mode 1. output end output, into the mode converter 34 connected, be converted into
Fundamental signal inputs Bell's state measuring device 321 again；It is defeated simultaneously come the signal of use by oneself second user terminal and third user terminal
Enter Bell's state measuring device 321 and complete quantum measurement, carries out necessary data handling procedure generation most further according to MDI-QKD agreement
Whole security key.
The communication unit and second user terminal and third user terminal that second user terminal and the first user terminal are constituted
The communication unit of composition fiber mode having the same, two communication unit synchronizations can only have one to be communicated, i.e.,
Synchronization, can only second user terminal communicated with the first user terminal or second user terminal and third user are whole
End is communicated.Any one in two communication units can lead to what the first user terminal and third user terminal were constituted
Letter unit is communicated simultaneously.
It is general as shown in figure 9, each Bell's state measuring device 32 there are two input terminals, input the amount of basic mode all the way respectively
Subsignal.In MDI-QKD network communicating system shown in Fig. 2 a, 1. Bell's state measuring device 321 needs to receive three road fiber modes
The quantum signal of the basic mode of conversion, therefore, Bell's state measuring device 321 it is any in received three subgrade modulus subsignal
Two-way needs to be coupled as by bundling device all the way, and as shown in Figure 2 b, Fig. 2 b is a kind of Bell provided by the embodiment of the utility model
State measuring device integrates the schematic illustration that bundling device forms the input of three tunnels.In Fig. 2 b, by bundling device be coupled as all the way two
A fundamental signal synchronization is only communicated all the way, in order to distinguish two communication units with same fiber mode.
With reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is another kind MDI-QKD network communicating system provided by the embodiment of the utility model, which
In, all communication units have different fiber modes.Therefore it is necessary to have three kinds of fiber modes, respectively optical fiber mode when N=3
Formula 1., fiber mode 2. and fiber mode 3..In which, using three Bell's state measuring devices 32.Fiber mode 1., light
Fine mode is 2. and 3. fiber mode is three kinds of different fiber modes.In mode shown in Fig. 3, all user terminals 21 are corresponding
M value is identical, can be emitted the quantum signal of two kinds of fiber modes, the mode treatment module 31 that each user terminal 21 is connected
All have two output ends.Which needs three Bell's state measuring devices BSM1, BSM2 and BSM3.
The Principle of Communication of MDI-QKD network communicating system shown in Fig. 3 is as follows:
When first user terminal and second user terminal carry out quantum communications: the first user terminal launching fiber mode is 2.
Quantum signal is exported by the pattern multiplexer 33 connected for the output end of output optical fibre mode 2., into what is connected
Mode converter 34 is converted into fundamental signal and inputs Bell's state measuring device BSM1 again；Second user terminal also launching fiber mould
The quantum signal of formula 2. is exported by the pattern multiplexer 33 connected for the output end of output optical fibre mode 2., into institute
The mode converter 34 of connection is converted into fundamental signal and inputs Bell's state measuring device BSM1 again；From the first user terminal and
The signal of second user terminal inputs Bell state measuring device BSM1 simultaneously and completes quantum measurement, further according to MDI-QKD agreement into
The necessary data handling procedure of row generates final security key.
When first user terminal and third user terminal carry out quantum communications: the first user terminal launching fiber mode is 1.
Quantum signal is exported by the pattern multiplexer 33 connected for the output end of output optical fibre mode 1., into what is connected
Mode converter 34 is converted into fundamental signal and inputs Bell's state measuring device BSM3 again；Third user terminal also launching fiber mould
The quantum signal of formula 1. is exported by the pattern multiplexer 33 connected for the output end of output optical fibre mode 1., into institute
The mode converter 34 of connection is converted into fundamental signal and inputs Bell's state measuring device BSM3 again；From the first user terminal and
The signal of third user terminal inputs Bell state measuring device BSM3 simultaneously and completes quantum measurement, further according to MDI-QKD agreement into
The necessary data handling procedure of row generates final security key.
When second user terminal and third user terminal carry out quantum communications: second user terminal transmission fiber mode is 3.
Quantum signal is exported by the pattern multiplexer 33 connected for the output end of output optical fibre mode 3., into what is connected
Mode converter 34 is converted into fundamental signal and inputs Bell's state measuring device BSM2 again；Third user terminal also launching fiber mould
The quantum signal of formula 3. is exported by the pattern multiplexer 33 connected for the output end of output optical fibre mode 3., into institute
The mode converter 34 of connection is converted into fundamental signal and inputs Bell's state measuring device BSM2 again；From second user terminal and
The signal of third user terminal inputs Bell state measuring device BSM2 simultaneously and completes quantum measurement, further according to MDI-QKD agreement into
The necessary data handling procedure of row generates final security key.
With reference to Fig. 4, Fig. 4 is that the structure of another MDI-QKD network communicating system provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown
It is intended to, in which, the mode treatment module 31 includes: mode conversion duplexer 51；The mode conversion duplexer 51 has
Have an input terminal and a m output end, the input terminal of the mode conversion duplexer 51 for obtain be correspondingly connected with it is described
The quantum signal that user terminal is sent, m output end of the mode conversion duplexer 51 and the m kind fiber mode one are a pair of
It answers, each output end is for a kind of corresponding quantum signal for exporting fiber mode and being converted to basic mode.In mode shown in Fig. 4, institute
There is the corresponding m value of user terminal 21 identical, can be emitted the quantum signal of two kinds of fiber modes, each user terminal 21 connects
The mode treatment module 31 connect all has two output ends.
The Principle of Communication of MDI-QKD network communicating system shown in Fig. 4 is as follows:
When first user terminal and second user terminal carry out quantum communications, 2. the first user terminal sends fiber mode
Quantum signal, by after the mode conversion duplexer 51 that is connected, being converted into fundamental signal and from independent corresponding output end
Output, into Bell's state measuring device BSM1；Second user terminal sends the quantum signal of fiber mode 2., by what is connected
It is converted into fundamental signal after mode conversion duplexer 51 and is exported from individually corresponding output end, into Bell's state measuring device
BSM1；Signal from the first user terminal and second user terminal inputs Bell state measuring device BSM1 simultaneously and completes quantum survey
Amount carries out necessary data handling procedure further according to MDI-QKD agreement and generates final security key.
When second user terminal and third user terminal carry out quantum communications, 3. second user terminal sends fiber mode
Quantum signal, by after the mode conversion duplexer 51 that is connected, being converted into fundamental signal and from independent corresponding output end
Output, into Bell's state measuring device BSM2；Third user terminal sends the quantum signal of fiber mode 3., by what is connected
It is converted into fundamental signal after mode conversion duplexer 51 and is exported from individually corresponding output end, into Bell's state measuring device
BSM2；Signal from second user terminal and third user terminal inputs Bell state measuring device BSM2 simultaneously and completes quantum survey
Amount carries out necessary data handling procedure further according to MDI-QKD agreement and generates final security key.
When first user terminal and third user terminal carry out quantum communications, 1. the first user terminal sends fiber mode
Quantum signal, by after the mode conversion duplexer 51 that is connected, being converted into fundamental signal and from independent corresponding output end
Output, into Bell's state measuring device BSM3；Third user terminal sends the quantum signal of fiber mode 1., by what is connected
It is converted into fundamental signal after mode conversion duplexer 51 and is exported from individually corresponding output end, into Bell's state measuring device
BSM3；Signal from the first user terminal and third user terminal inputs Bell state measuring device BSM3 simultaneously and completes quantum survey
Amount carries out necessary data handling procedure further according to MDI-QKD agreement and generates final security key.
In the mode shown in Fig. 2 a- Fig. 4, in the different mode treatment modules 31, the quantum of same fibre mode is exported
The output end that signal is converted to the quantum signal of basic mode connects same Bell's state measuring device 32；Export different fiber modes
The output end of the quantum signal quantum signal that is converted to basic mode connect different Bell's state measuring devices 32.
It is that the utility model embodiment passes through detector in time division multiplexing reduction Bell's state measuring device with reference to Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 a
The schematic illustration of quantity, as described in the left figure of Fig. 5 a, if using two Bell's state measuring devices, each Bell's state measurement dress
Middle beam splitter two signals of corresponding output are set, amounts to four signals of output, respectively signal 1, signal 2, signal 3 and signal 4, passes
The each signal of system mode needs independent detector acquisition, amounts to and needs four detectors, respectively detector 1, detector
2, detector 3 and detector 4.
As shown in the middle graph and right figure of Fig. 5 a, the usage quantity of detector can be reduced in conjunction with time-division multiplex technology, it can
So that multiple public detectors of Bell's state measuring device, so that entire MDI-QKD network communicating system at least needs one
A detector.
As shown in the middle graph of Fig. 5 a, four signals respectively correspond to a delayer, amount to and need four delayers, respectively
For delayer 1, delayer 2, delayer 3 and delayer 4.Four signals pass through different delayer delays and then defeated respectively
Enter to the same detector measurement, detector will be divided into 4 (number of signals n=4) time slots, Mei Geshi according to different delay values
Gap respectively corresponds different signals.Which when measuring optical signal, can be distinguished according to the arrival time of optical signal from
Signal.Delayer delay can be delayed by light or photoelectricity delay is realized.As shown in the right figure of Fig. 5 a, each delayer is to make
Use different length optical fiber as an example of delayer.
With reference to Fig. 5 b, Fig. 5 b is the structure of another MDI-QKD network communicating system provided by the embodiment of the utility model
Schematic diagram, on the basis of above embodiment, in mode shown in Fig. 5 b, the MDI-QKD network communicating system further include: delay
Module 41 and beam splitting module 42；The time delay module 41 includes multiple a pair of with the output end one of the mode treatment module 31
The delayer 43 that should be connected；The beam splitting module 43 includes two bundling devices 44.
In mode shown in Fig. 5 b, the mode treatment mould that two user terminals of the same communication unit are correspondingly connected with
In block 31, the output end for the quantum signal that the quantum signal of output same fibre mode is converted to basic mode passes through respectively described in one
Delayer 43 connects the different bundling devices 44, and all bundling devices 44 connect same Bell's state measuring device 32.
In mode shown in Fig. 5 b, the corresponding m value of all user terminals 21 is identical, can be emitted the quantum signal of two kinds of fiber modes,
The mode treatment module 31 that each user terminal 21 is connected all has two output ends.
Mode shown in Fig. 5 b uses time-multiplexed method, can also reduce Bell's state measurement dress in central node equipment 22
Set 32 quantity.As shown in Figure 5 b, the delay phase for the delayer 43 that the mode converter 34 of same fiber mode is connected is inputted
Together, the delay for inputting the delayer 43 that the mode converters 34 of different fiber modes is connected is different, such as delayer 1-1 and delay
The identical delay of device 1-2 setting is delay 1, and it is delay 2 that delayer 2-1 is identical with the delay that delayer 2-2 is arranged, delay
It is delay 3 that device 3-1 is identical with the delay that delayer 3-2 is arranged.
The Principle of Communication of MDI-QKD network communicating system shown in Fig. 5 b is as follows: when Bell's state measuring device 32 is in 1 pair of delay
It answers and measures signal within the scope of arrival time, then illustrate that the first user terminal and third user terminal are carrying out quantum communications, into
And quantum key is generated between the first user terminal and third user terminal；When Bell's state measuring device 32 is corresponding in delay 2
Signal is measured within the scope of arrival time, then illustrates that the first user terminal and second user terminal are carrying out quantum communications, in turn
Quantum key is generated between the first user terminal and second user terminal；When Bell's state measuring device 32 is corresponded in delay 3
Signal is measured in up to time range, then illustrates that second user terminal and third user terminal are carrying out quantum communications, Jin Er
Quantum key is generated between second user terminal and third user terminal.
In the utility model embodiment, the network structure of the MDI-QKD network communicating system equally uses user terminal
21 configure to the uplink network of 22 quantum signal of central node equipment.When the i-th user terminal is want to carry out with jth user terminal
When quantum communications, the two sends the quantum signal of same fiber mode (such as fiber mode 1.) to central node equipment 22,
The signal of fiber mode 1. is accessed Bell's state measuring device 32 by mode multiplexing and mode conversion by central node equipment 22, into
And quantum measurement is completed, the quantum key of safety is generated by necessary data handling procedure.When the i-th user terminal is thought and q
When user terminal carries out quantum communications, the two sends another fiber mode (such as fiber mode to Bell's state measuring device 32
2.) quantum signal, fiber mode signal 2. accesses Bell by mode multiplexing and mode conversion by central node equipment 22
State measuring device 32, and then quantum measurement is completed, the quantum key of safety is generated by necessary data handling procedure.Wherein,
I, j and q is the positive integer no more than N, and different.
It as above-mentioned, is illustrated in the utility model embodiment using three user terminals, but the utility model can be with
It supports multiple users network, usesA mode can support N number of user terminal.
In the utility model, the modulation of quantum signal in each user terminal 21 can be used polarization bit, time bit,
Phase bits, time phase bit, continuous variable modulation etc..
In the utility model, for two user terminals 21 in the same communication unit, one of them is launch party, separately
One is recipient, and the two carries out quantum communications.Launch party can be used single-photon source and represent quantum signal, also can be used weak
Coherent light represents quantum signal.Usually requiring to combine when representing quantum signal using weak coherent light inveigles state method to resist photon
Number beam-splitting attack, improves the safety of system.
The utility model can be in conjunction with wavelength-division multiplex technique, on the one hand, multiple waves can be used in each user terminal 21
Length is communicated, and traffic rate is significantly improved；On the other hand different user terminals 21 can be represented by different wave length, improve
User terminal 21 accesses quantity, further extension system network size in grid.
On the one hand the utility model can be reduced for Bell in conjunction with time-division multiplex technology, as shown in Fig. 5 a, 5b
The quantity of state measuring device；On the other hand the detector demand of quantum communication equipment can be reduced.A set of Bell's state is at least needed to survey
Device 32 is measured, contains at least one detector in Bell's state measuring device 32.
Optical fiber is a kind of fiber for conducting light, is usually made of fibre core and covering.The essence of light is a kind of electromagnetic wave, in light
Maxwell equation group description can be used when propagating in fibre.According to the substance equation and boundary condition of optical fiber, wheat can be solved
Ke Siwei equation group obtains the distribution of electromagnetic field in optical fiber.This distribution is known as fiber mode, i.e. maxwell equation group
One particular solution corresponds to a kind of fiber mode.Refractive index difference very little between usually used fiber core and covering, it is referred to as weak
Lead approximation.The fiber mode solved under these conditions is known as linear polarization mode, i.e. LP mode.LP mode according to order from
It is low to high to be divided into LP01, LP11, LP21, LP02 ....Wherein the fiber mode of lowest-order is LP01 mould, also referred to as basic mode.
Different LP modes supports two orthogonal polarisation states respectively, such as LP01-H state and LP01-V state.
A fiber mode LP01 mould (basic mode) is only existed in single mode optical fiber, and there are multiple fiber modes in multimode fibre
(>=2), it is mutually orthogonal between different fiber modes.The fiber mode number of usually used multimode fibre is very more (> several hundred).
A kind of special multimode fibre is known as less fundamental mode optical fibre, can support a few fiber mode (as supported two fiber modes
Optical fiber supports the optical fiber etc. of 4 fiber modes).The multimode fibre referred in the utility model embodiment is to refer to, comprising this
Less fundamental mode optical fibre is preferred embodiment using less fundamental mode optical fibre.In the utility model embodiment attached drawing, dotted arrow indicates multimode fibre,
The quantum signal of a variety of fiber modes can be transmitted, solid arrow indicates single mode optical fiber, only transmits the quantum of single optical fiber mode
Signal.In the utility model embodiment, 1. fiber mode can be basic mode.
Below in the embodiment of the present application, the work of the device of implementation pattern conversion, mode multiplexing and quantum measurement is former
Reason is illustrated.
With reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of one mode converter provided by the embodiment of the utility model, shown mould
Formula converter 34 is for realizing the conversion between different fiber modes.Including at least one input terminal and at least one output
End.Different output ends corresponds to different fiber modes.In the utility model embodiment, mode converter 34 has an input
End and an output end, input terminal are used to input a kind of quantum signal for setting fiber mode.The input of its input terminal is any
The fiber mode of the quantum signal is converted to basic mode by the quantum signal of fiber mode, the mode converter, is exported from output end.
If it is the quantum signal from input terminal input basic mode, the same quantum signal that basic mode is exported by output end.It can according to optical path
Inverse principle can also input the quantum signal of basic mode from output end, from the quantum signal of output end input particular fiber mode.
With reference to Fig. 7, Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of one mode multiplexer provided by the embodiment of the utility model, shown mould
Formula multiplexer 33 is used to couple a variety of fiber modes and export.Including at least one input terminal and at least m output end.This reality
In the pattern multiplexer 33 shown in new embodiment, there is an input terminal and m output end, which is followed successively by
Output end D1- output end Dm.The pattern multiplexer 33 can make the quantum letter of the pth fiber mode inputted from input terminal
Number, it is exported from output end Dp, fiber mode is constant, and p is the positive integer no more than m.According to light path principle, from output end Dp
The quantum signal of the pth fiber mode of input can be exported from input terminal.In which, output end D1 can individually correspond to base
Mould, inputs basic mode from it, exports basic mode from input terminal, conversely, inputting basic mode from input terminal, exports basic mode from output end D1.
With reference to Fig. 8, Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of one mode conversion duplexer provided by the embodiment of the utility model, institute
Show that mode conversion duplexer 51 for the light of different fiber modes to be converted into basic mode coupling output, has at least m output end
And at least one input terminal.Different output ends corresponds to different fiber modes.Mode shown in the utility model embodiment turns
It changes in multiplexer 51, there is an input terminal and m output end, which is followed successively by output end D1- output end Dm.
After shown mode conversion duplexer 51 can make the quantum signal from the pth fiber mode that input terminal inputs be converted to basic mode,
It is exported from output end Dp.According to light path principle, the quantum signal of the basic mode inputted from output end Dp can be converted to pth
The quantum signal of fiber mode is exported from input terminal.Equally, in which, output end D1 can individually correspond to basic mode, defeated from its
Enter basic mode, export basic mode from input terminal, conversely, inputting basic mode from input terminal, exports basic mode from output end D1.
With reference to Fig. 9, Fig. 9 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of Bell's state measuring device provided by the embodiment of the utility model, institute
Show that there are two detector 52 and a beam splitter BS for the tool of Bell's state measuring device 32.The quantum signal of two-way basic mode reaches simultaneously
Beam splitter BS is interfered on beam splitter BS, and interference output result is measured using two detectors, according to measurement result
Whether the input light that may determine that input is required Bell's state.
The utility model embodiment sets up MDI-QKD network communicating system by mode division multiplexing, and following implementations may be implemented
The novel MDI-QKD communication means of example, use pattern multiplexer carries out path choosing in the network of MDI-QKD network communicating system
It selects, Path selection can also be carried out by mode conversion duplexer, detector quantity can be reduced by time division multiplexing, when passing through
The quantity for dividing multiplexing to reduce Bell's state measuring device can be used wavelength-division multiplex and improve traffic rate, can pass through wavelength-division multiplex
It improves grid scale and user terminal accesses quantity, multiple communication units can be allowed simultaneously to be communicated.
Based on the above embodiment, another embodiment of the utility model additionally provides a kind of MDI-QKD communication means, for
State MDI-QKD network communicating system described in embodiment, the MDI-QKD network communicating system include N number of user terminal and in
Heart node device, N are the positive integer greater than 2, and the different user terminal of any two is a communication unit, N number of described
User terminal forms altogetherA communication unit, which is characterized in that described MDI-QKD communication means such as Figure 10 institute
Show, Figure 10 is a kind of flow diagram of MDI-QKD communication means provided by the embodiment of the utility model, MDI-QKD communication
Method includes:
Step S11: two user terminals controlled in the same communication unit send same light to central node equipment
The quantum signal of fine mode.
Step S12: the quantum signal of each fiber mode is obtained by the central node equipment, and to the quantum
Signal carries out quantum measurement.
Step S13: carrying out data processing, generates quantum key.
The realization principle of the MDI-QKD communication means can refer to MDI-QKD network communicating system described in above-described embodiment,
Details are not described herein.
It can realize MDI- novel described in the present embodiment by the MDI-QKD network communicating system through the foregoing embodiment
QKD communication means, use pattern multiplexer carries out Path selection in the network of MDI-QKD network communicating system, can also lead to
It crosses mode conversion duplexer and carries out Path selection, detector quantity can be reduced by time division multiplexing, be reduced by time division multiplexing
The quantity of Bell's state measuring device can be used wavelength-division multiplex and improve traffic rate, can improve system network by wavelength-division multiplex
Network scale and user terminal access quantity, multiple communication units can be allowed simultaneously to be communicated.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.For MDI- disclosed in embodiment
For QKD communication means, since it is corresponding with MDI-QKD network communicating system disclosed in embodiment, so the comparison of description
Simply, related place illustrates referring to MDI-QKD network communicating system corresponding part.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments can be realized professional and technical personnel in the field or using originally practical new
Type.Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and determine herein
The General Principle of justice can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present utility model.Cause
This, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein
The widest scope consistent with features of novelty.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of MDI-QKD network communicating system, which is characterized in that the MDI-QKD network communicating system includes: N number of user
Terminal and central node equipment, N are the positive integer greater than 2；
The different user terminal of any two is a communication unit, and N number of user terminal forms altogetherA communication unit；
Each described communication unit corresponds to a kind of fiber mode；The corresponding incomplete phase of fiber mode of all communication units
Together；It is corresponding that two user terminals in the same communication unit send the communication unit to the central node equipment
Fiber mode quantum signal；
The central node equipment is used to obtain the quantum signal of each fiber mode；
Wherein, the quantum signal that the central node equipment obtains is for carrying out quantum measurement and data processing, with life
At quantum key.
2. MDI-QKD network communicating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the central node equipment includes:
N number of mode treatment module, the mode treatment module connect one to one with the user terminal；
Two user terminals in the same communication unit, respectively by the mode treatment module that is correspondingly connected with
Same Bell's state measuring device connection, Bell's state measuring device are used to carry out quantum measurement to received quantum signal.
3. MDI-QKD network communicating system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that each user terminal is located at
The N-1 communication units；For any user terminal, for sending the quantum signal of m kind fiber mode, m is not surpass
Cross the positive integer of N-1.
4. MDI-QKD network communicating system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the mode treatment module has 1
A input terminal and m output end；
The input terminal of the mode treatment module is used to obtain the quantum signal that the user terminal being correspondingly connected with is sent, m
A output end and the m kind fiber mode correspond, each output end is used to export a kind of quantum signal of fiber mode
The quantum signal for being converted to basic mode is sent to connected Bell's state measuring device.
5. MDI-QKD network communicating system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the mode treatment module includes:
One pattern multiplexer, the pattern multiplexer have 1 input terminal and m output end；The input of the pattern multiplexer
The quantum signal that end is sent for obtaining the user terminal being correspondingly connected with；M output end of the pattern multiplexer and institute
M kind fiber mode one-to-one correspondence is stated, each output end is for a kind of corresponding quantum signal for exporting fiber mode；
M mode converter, a mode converter individually connect an output end of the pattern multiplexer, the mould
Formula converter is used to the fiber mode of the quantum signal received being converted to basic mode, is sent to corresponding Bell's state measurement
Device.
6. MDI-QKD network communicating system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the mode treatment module includes:
Mode conversion duplexer；
The mode conversion duplexer has an input terminal and m output end, the input terminal of the mode conversion duplexer
The quantum signal sent for obtaining the user terminal that is correspondingly connected with, m output end of the mode conversion duplexer and
The m kind fiber mode corresponds, each output end is for a kind of corresponding quantum for exporting fiber mode and being converted to basic mode
Signal.
7. according to the described in any item MDI-QKD network communicating systems of claim 4-6, which is characterized in that the different modes
In processing module, the output end connection that the quantum signal of output same fibre mode is converted to the quantum signal of basic mode is same described
Bell's state measuring device；
The output end for the quantum signal that the quantum signal for exporting different fiber modes is converted to basic mode connects the different Bells
State measuring device.
8. according to the described in any item MDI-QKD network communicating systems of claim 4-6, which is characterized in that further include: delay mould
Block and beam splitting module；
The time delay module includes multiple delayers to connect one to one with mode treatment module output end；
The beam splitting module includes two bundling devices；
In the mode treatment module that two user terminals of the same communication unit are correspondingly connected with, same fibre mould is exported
The output end that the quantum signal of formula is converted to the quantum signal of basic mode pass through respectively the delayer connect it is different described
Bundling device, all bundling devices connect same Bell's state measuring device.
9. MDI-QKD network communicating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that N=3.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110620653A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-12-27 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | MDI-QKD network communication system and communication method |
| CN110808835A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-18 | 北京邮电大学 | Quantum key distribution network and quantum key distribution method and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110620653A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-12-27 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | MDI-QKD network communication system and communication method |
| CN110620653B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-01-10 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | MDI-QKD network communication system and communication method |
| CN110808835A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-18 | 北京邮电大学 | Quantum key distribution network and quantum key distribution method and device |
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