CN207947786U - A kind of unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus, including synchronization unit emit three tunnel pulses, and measure the delay between pulse, transfer data to Quantum repeater unit；Quantum repeater unit receive synchronization unit enter data go forward side by side line delay adjustment, synchronous driving is ensured to send out after three tunnel pulses are fed back to quantum terminal unit to Quantum repeater unit, Quantum repeater unit analyzes the pulse by the modulation of quantum terminal unit, obtains a result；Quantum terminal unit comparing result and local information, it obtains screening code and carries out bit error rate detection, success is communicated if safety, communication is abandoned if dangerous and is restarted, to solve the problems, such as that photon arrival time synchronizes in practical application and key is distributed in a network.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to quantum information and technical field of photo communication, more particularly to a kind of multi-party measuring apparatus is unrelated
Quantum key distribution network system.
Background technology
Quantum key distribution (Quantum Key Distribution, QKD) is that quantum mechanics is combined with information science
Product, permission provide the symmetric cryptography being perfectly safe in the presence of listener-in Eve for validated user Alice and Bob,
Therefore extensive concern is caused.Communicating pair Alice and Bob are just realized using the information encryption exchanged needed for above-mentioned key pair
Secure communication.
However, because practical devices and environment have differences with ideal, quantum key distribution is in practical applications
Safety receives huge challenge.Such as (photon is attacked as the PNS of object of attack using the common weak quasi- single-photon source of coherent state
Number beam-splitting attack), using single-photon detector as the attack of the detector blinding of object of attack, time shift attack etc., seriously affect QKD
Safety.People make efforts theoretical and experimental, it is intended to make up these defects.2005, inveigle carrying for state scheme
Go out to efficiently solve the defect that multi-photon ingredient is brought in the quasi- single-photon source of weak coherent state.2012, measuring apparatus independent protocol
Proposition then disposably close the defect of detector.
In original measurement equipment independent protocol, Alice and Bob prepare quantum state and are sent to Charlie respectively.
Charlie carries out Bell state measurement to the photon received.If the result measured is Bell state Ψ±, then it is assumed that it measures successfully,
Charlie announces measurement result.Alice and Bob obtains primary key by the result, final by secrecy enhancing and error correction
Obtain secure quantum key.The essence of measuring apparatus independent protocol is measured by Bell state, and Alice and Bob have shared perfection
Entangled State, this guarantees relevance between the two is unrelated with third party Charlie, therefore Charlie can be any
People even Eve, the attack innate immunity of the measuring apparatus independent protocol for end of probe.
On the other hand, the QKD system of point-to-point is also extended in effort point-to-multipoint or even how point-to-multipoint by people
QKD networks.Quantum network is based primarily upon two schemes at present：Credible relaying and insincere relaying.In credible trunking plan, QKD
QKD link of the network based on point-to-point, it is desirable that the sourcesink node of all QKD links between communication source destination node can ensure
Safety is not ravesdropping.Then it is shared by the key between each relay node to realize network communication.Insincere relaying side
In case, QKD networks realize networking in physical link layer, i.e., can mutually distribute quantum key between each QKD nodes.Current
Under technical conditions, credible trunking plan is more mature, but its safety is under suspicion.The insincere trunking plan of mature and reliable
It is the direction of future development.
The quantum state that Alice and Bob are sent out in measuring apparatus independent protocol at present measures successfully in third party Charlie,
It is required that reaching time of photon, frequency spectrum, polarization isotype must exactly match.First, between Alice and Bob and Charlie
Distance is not completely the same, needs accurately to be delayed so that photon arrival time is aligned completely.Secondly, Alice and Bob make
With different lasers, frequency spectrum is not identical.Third, because of the birefringence effect of optical fiber, it is difficult to ensure that photon polarization state
Stablize transmission.Although phase code can be used, phase drift, time jitter limit the raising of QKD system performance,
Secret-key rate is relatively low.
In addition, most of research all concentrates on the quantum key distribution between two sides at present.Be recently proposed tripartite it
Between quantum key distribution, that is, the tripartite for participating in communication shares consistent key simultaneously.This multiple participant distributing passwords
Scheme is also referred to as quantum cryptography meeting (QCC, Quantum Cryptograph Conference).Its principle mainly utilizes
Multiparticle tangles step response and makes the particle between multiple participants that certain relationship (such as related or inverse correlation) be presented to carry out
Key is distributed.
Meanwhile in the prior art, the measurement as patent 201510008068.9 attempts to solve phase-modulated polarized coding is set
Standby independent protocol stability problem, but communication distance is artificially shortened into half.
And in the prior art, patent CN201710606950 attempts to solve shadow of the environment to measuring unrelated equipment agreement
It rings, does not consider unsymmetrical factors but.Also, it does not consider how measuring apparatus independent protocol being applied to reality in the prior art
Network in.
Invention content
The utility model is made in view of the above problems, it is therefore an objective to be overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of multi-party
The unrelated quantum key distribution network system of measuring apparatus solves the synchronization of photon arrival time and key in a network in practical application
The problem of distribution.
To achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical solutions：Specifically, synchronization unit generates three road wavelength
For the laser pulse of 1310nm, pulse described in three tunnels respectively by first annular device, the second circulator and third circulator after,
It into three transmission units and is sent in multiple quantum terminal units, multiple quantum terminal units are anti-by the pulse
It penetrates, the pulse through reflection after the first annular device, the second circulator and third circulator, is sent to respectively and synchronizes list
In member, the time that pulse described in three tunnel of the synchronization unit pair reaches the primary quantum terminal unit needs measures into line delay
Afterwards, the delay data of measurement is passed to Quantum repeater unit respectively, the Quantum repeater unit is sent out respectively according to delay data
The three tunnel pulses by delay, pulse described in three tunnels enters three transmission units by three circulators respectively, through three
It is single back to three transmission after a transmission unit is transferred to multiple quantum terminal units progress information codings
Member, after three transmission units, in synchronous driving to the Quantum repeater unit；
The Quantum repeater unit includes analyzer, and the pulse that the analyzer is passed to quantum terminal unit projects
It measures, show that the determining quantum state of measurement, the quantum terminal unit will measure determining quantum state and locally prepare quantum state
Information comparison, obtain screening code, by the classical channel communication of certification, a part of estimating bit error rate in selection screening code, and
According to the mode computation theoretical value for inveigling state, if the bit error rate is less than theoretical value, then it is assumed that safety continues subsequent processing, if
The bit error rate is higher than theoretical value, then it is assumed that there are security risk, abandons this communication.
Specifically, first annular device, the second circulator and third circulator are for being isolated emergent light and reflected light.
Specifically, the synchronization unit is connect with Quantum repeater unit by internal circuit；
The Quantum repeater unit is connect with transmission unit by fiber channel；
The quantum terminal unit is connect with transmission unit by fiber channel；
The quantum terminal unit is connect with Quantum repeater unit by transmission unit.
The synchronization unit is for calibration quantum terminal unit before the communication starts to the flight between Quantum repeater unit
Time, setting delay driving chip parameter is to ensure light that the first laser device, second laser, third laser are sent out
Pulse reaches GHZ analyzers in synchronization.
Preferably, the synchronization unit includes synchronous laser, the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter, the laser hair
The pulse gone out is divided into three tunnel pulses after the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter, and pulse described in three tunnels has respectively entered the first ring
Shape device, the second circulator and third circulator；
The synchronization unit further includes the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument, the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument and isochronous controller, through the amount
Three tunnel pulses of sub- terminal unit reflection, wherein enter the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument all the way, another way enters the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument,
Finally enter the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument and the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument simultaneously all the way, is then respectively transmitted to isochronous controller again, institute
It states isochronous controller the delay of each road pulse is detected to obtain detection data, the detection data is passed to the Quantum repeater
Unit.
Specifically, the synchronous laser is the laser of 1310nm wavelength.
The Transflective ratio of first beam splitter is 2:1.
The Transflective ratio of second beam splitter is 1:1.
Preferably, the synchronization unit further includes the first photodetector, the second photodetector and third photodetection
Device, through the quantum terminal unit reflection three tunnels described in pulse respectively pass through the first photodetector, the second photodetector
With after third photodetector enter the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument and the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument；
First time-to-amplitude conversion instrument be equipped with the ends start and the ends stop, second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument be equipped with the ends start and
The ends stop, by the pulse input of first photodetector to the ends stop of the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument, by described second
The pulse of photodetector is separately input to the ends start of the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument and the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument as benchmark, warp
The pulse input of the third photodetector is crossed to the ends stop of the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument.
It is visited specifically, the first photodetector, the second photodetector and third photodetector are common infrared light
Survey device, preferably PIN APD optical receivers.
First time-to-amplitude conversion instrument and the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument are used to measure the time difference between the ends start and stop.
Isochronous controller is according to the input of time-to-amplitude conversion instrument, the first delay and running chip of control, the second delay and running chip
Emit pulsed light with third delay and running chip drives first laser device, second laser and third laser.
Preferably, the Quantum repeater unit prolongs including the first delay and running chip, the second delay and running chip and third
When driving chip, the first delay and running chip, the second delay and running chip and third delay and running chip receive institute respectively
State the determination data of isochronous controller transmission；
The Quantum repeater unit further includes first laser device, second laser and third laser, the first laser
Device, second laser and third laser are received to be delayed through the first delay and running chip, the second delay and running chip and third and be driven
The signal of dynamic chip delay adjustments, then sends out pulse, the pulse that first laser device, second laser and third laser are sent out
The transmission unit is entered after fourth annular device, the 5th circulator and the 6th circulator respectively, through quantum terminal unit
After information coding, incoming analyzer is synchronized.
Specifically, first laser device, second laser and third laser are respectively the arteries and veins of communication band Wavelength tunable section
Rush laser.
The fourth annular device, the 5th circulator and the 6th circulator are for being isolated emergent light and reflected light.
Preferably, the transmission unit includes the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second wavelength-division multiplex connected by fiber channel
Device, third wavelength division multiplexer；First Wave decomposing multiplexer, the second Wave decomposing multiplexer, third Wave decomposing multiplexer；First light is handed over
Pitch module, the second smooth Cross module, third light Cross module；
Wherein the pulse of different wave length is multiplexed into same optical fiber by the pulse by first wavelength division multiplexer all the way
In channel, first Wave decomposing multiplexer detaches the pulse of different wave length in fiber channel, the first smooth Cross module
The pulse of input is sent to specified quantum terminal unit according to different wavelength；
The pulse of different wave length is multiplexed into same optical fiber by second wavelength division multiplexer and believed by pulse described in another way
In road, second Wave decomposing multiplexer detaches the pulse of different wave length in fiber channel, the second smooth crossed module root tuber
The pulse of input is sent to specified quantum terminal unit according to different wavelength；
The pulse of different wave length is multiplexed into same optical fiber by the last pulse described all the way by the third wavelength division multiplexer
In channel, the third Wave decomposing multiplexer detaches the pulse of different wave length in fiber channel, the third light Cross module
The pulse of input is sent to specified quantum terminal unit according to different wavelength.
Preferably, the quantum terminal unit includes filter plate, third beam splitter, three port polarization beam splitters, intensity tune
Device, light polarization modulator, phase-modulator and faraday's eyeglass processed；
After the pulse enters quantum terminal unit, filter plate is passed through, into third beam splitter, after third beam splitter
It is sequentially delivered to three port polarization beam splitters, intensity modulator, light polarization modulator, phase-modulator and faraday's eyeglass.
Specifically, the filter plate only allows 1310nm photons to pass through, other stray lights are filtered.
The third beam splitter is 10:90 beam splitter, transmitted light are used for quantum key distribution, and reflected light is supervised for channel
Control device.
The three port polarizations beam splitter is used to the light pulse that transmission unit sends over being converted to horizontal polarization light, thoroughly
Penetrate the photon horizontally or vertically polarized that adjustable attenuator sends over.
The intensity modulator is signal state or trick state for regulating and controlling light pulse.
Light pulse can be modulated into level by the light polarization modulator at random, vertically ,+45 degree and -45 degree polarization states.
Preferably, the quantum terminal unit further includes optical channel monitor and adjustable attenuator；
The pulse entered through the third beam splitter, is divided into transmitted pulse and reflected impulse, wherein the transmitted pulse
Into three port polarization beam splitters, it to be used for quantum key distribution；
The reflected impulse enters optical channel monitor, monitoring and controlling channels optical power levels, the number of photons for assessing channel
It is distributed and judges whether there is wooden horse；
Pulse through faraday's lens reflecting, successively after three port polarization beam splitters and third beam splitter, into
Enter adjustable attenuator.
Specifically, the adjustable attenuator accurately controls, average pulse number of photons is decayed into the level less than 1.
Preferably, the analyzer includes the first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus, third polarization beam apparatus, the
Four polarization beam apparatus and the 5th polarization beam apparatus；
Further include the first automatically controlled Polarization Controller, the second automatically controlled Polarization Controller and the automatically controlled Polarization Controller of third；
Further include the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, third single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detecting
Survey device, the 5th single-photon detector and the 6th single-photon detector；
It further include coincidence counting device；
Pulse through faraday's lens reflecting, successively after three port polarization beam splitters and third beam splitter, into
Enter adjustable attenuator to be modulated, the pulse through ovennodulation by synchronous driving to analyzer,
After first via pulse enters the first polarization beam apparatus, enter third polarization beam splitting through the first automatically controlled Polarization Controller
Device is detected after third polarization beam apparatus by the first single-photon detector and the 4th single-photon detector, respectively through first
Enter coincidence counting device after single-photon detector and the detection of the 4th single-photon detector；
After second tunnel pulse enters the first polarization beam apparatus, pass through the second polarization beam apparatus, the second automatically controlled polarization control successively
Device processed enters the 4th polarization beam apparatus, respectively by the second single-photon detector and the 5th single-photon detecting after the 4th polarization beam apparatus
It surveys device to be detected, enters coincidence counting device after the second single-photon detector and the detection of the 5th single-photon detector；
After the pulse of third road enters the second polarization beam apparatus, enter the 5th polarization beam splitting through the automatically controlled Polarization Controller of third
Device is detected after the 5th polarization beam apparatus by third single-photon detector and the 6th single-photon detector, respectively through third
Enter coincidence counting device after single-photon detector and the detection of the 6th single-photon detector.
Specifically, first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus, third polarization beam apparatus, the 4th polarization beam splitting
Device, the 5th polarization beam apparatus are 50:50 polarization beam apparatus.
First automatically controlled Polarization Controller, the second automatically controlled Polarization Controller, the automatically controlled Polarization Controller of third are used for input light
Polarization state rotate 45 °.
First single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, third single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detector,
5th single-photon detector, the 6th single-photon detector are for having detected whether photon arrival.
The coincidence counting device judges measurement result according to the response of single-photon detector.
Cryptographic key distribution method according to the above-mentioned unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus includes：
The synchronization optical signal pulses that synchronous laser sends 1310nm are divided into three by the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter
The consistent synchronization light pulse of a intensity.
Three synchronous light pulses are single by being connected to transmission after first annular device, the second circulator and third circulator respectively
Member.
Lock-out pulse is sent to three quantum terminal units by transmission unit.
By the consistent light path of signal pulse, by returning to synchronization unit after faraday's lens reflecting.
First photodetector, the second photodetector and third photodetector measure the lock-out pulse of return, warp
The first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument and the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument are crossed, the time difference between optical fiber link is obtained.
Isochronous controller is according to time difference, the first delay and running chip of configuration, the second delay and running chip and third delay
Driving chip driving first laser device, second laser, third laser send out signal pulse, to ensure signal pulse back amount
Analyzer is synchronously arrived at when sub- relay unit.
Three signal pulses are sent to transmission unit by fourth annular device, the 5th circulator and the 6th circulator, transmission
Pulse signal is sent to three quantum terminal units through fiber channel by unit respectively.Do not consider normalization factor, the quantum of photon
State is：
|ψ>=| H>+|V>.
Signal pulse passes through third beam splitter, is divided into transmitted pulse and reflected impulse, and wherein reflected impulse is sent to light letter
Road monitor, for analyzing number of photons distribution and detection wooden horse signal, transmitted pulse is sent to three port polarization beam splitters.
Three port polarization beam splitters transmit the horizontal polarisation component in input pulse as photon to be modulated, and quantum state becomes
For：
|ψ>=| H>.
Orthogonal polarized light is converted to by faraday's lens reflecting, be then level by light polarization modulator Stochastic Modulation,
Vertically ,+45 °, one of -45 ° of four polarization states.Quantum state becomes：
|ψ>=| H>, | V ＞, |+＞, |-＞ }.
Phase-modulator Stochastic Modulation photon phase, makes it meet the condition of Number State (Fock states).Intensity modulator
Be randomly provided pulse be signal state or inveigle state, after three port polarization beam splitters arrive third beam splitter, adjustable attenuator according to
Line Attenuation and input optical power set average photon number to designated value, if signal photon is 0.4/pulse, inveigle state light
Son is 0.05/pulse.
Assuming that three quantum states of input are：
|ψ>=| H>.
It is from the joint quantum state of adjustable optical attenuator output then：
Photon returns to quantum relay unit by transmission unit, and when reaching GHZ analyzers, joint evolution of quantum state is：
Wherein：
φi, i=a, b, c is the phase of phase-modulator Stochastic Modulation；
μ, ν, ω are respectively the average photon number of three quantum terminal units；
ηi, i=a, b, c is total losses caused by optical device in light path and fiber channel.
Analyzer measures input quantum state.When measurement result is：
When, i.e., when being responded simultaneously there are three detector, it is believed that measure successfully.
Quantum repeater unit announces measurement result by common signal channel.Three quantum terminal units are according to measurement result and this
Ground information obtains completely the same primary key.Such as obtain other results, then it is assumed that measure unsuccessful, data invalid.
Similarly, the case where light polarization modulator is modulated when three quantum terminal units are other quantum states can be analyzed.
Three quantum terminal units obtain final key by enhancing and the error correction of maintaining secrecy.
Further, the unrelated quantum key distribution network system of the multi-party measuring apparatus can access multiple quantum terminal lists
Member (Alice 1, Alice 2 ..., Alice n, Bob 1, Bob 2 ..., Bob n, Charlie 1, Charlie 2 ...,
Charlie n), the method for multiple quantum terminal accesses includes：
The first laser device, second laser, the required wavelength of third laser modulation, transmission unit pass through wavelength
Signal pulse is sent to specified quantum terminal unit by addressing.Quantum terminal unit returns after being modulated to signal in quantum
The analysis of GHZ states is done after unit.Quantum repeater unit announces measurement result, quantum terminal unit comparison measurement results and local letter
Breath obtains quantum key after secrecy enhancing and error correction.
Further, the unrelated quantum key distribution network system of the multi-party measuring apparatus can be simultaneously in multigroup quantum terminal
Realize that key distribution, method are to increase multiple Quantum repeater units to make multiple quantum key distribution groups that can synchronize fortune between unit
Row.
Advantageous effect
1. the utility model uses improved GHZ analyzers, system redundancy more preferable, it is easier to control；The utility model
Using flexible light Cross module so that multiple quantum key distributions can share a GHZ analyzer, save cost.
2. the utility model uses active synchronization method asynchronous with photon sequential caused by compensation link difference in length；This
Utility model compensates the birefringence problem caused by optical fiber link using faraday's eyeglass.
3. multiple laser light sources are positioned over same physical location by the utility model, have better stability with it is consistent
Property；The utility model can eliminate the safety issue that detector side channel strip comes using the unrelated method of measuring apparatus.
4. the utility model uses wave division multiplex mode so that multiple quantum key distributions can distribute key simultaneously；This reality
Made tripartite with novel while being generated key, constituted tripartite's quantum quantum key distribution, can also further be extended to more participations
Side；
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram for the quantum terminal unit for indicating embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram for the analyzer for indicating embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the operation principle block diagram for the network system for indicating embodiment；
Specific implementation mode
Specific embodiment of the present utility model is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a kind of unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus is present embodiments provided,
Work step is as follows：
Synchronous laser 401 sends out the laser pulse of 1310nm, is divided by the first beam splitter 402, the second beam splitter 403 and is
The equal pulse of three intensity, three pulses pass through first annular device 411, the second circulator 412, third circulator respectively
After 413, into transmission unit 5.
It is reflected by faraday's eyeglass 109 after transmission unit 5 enters quantum terminal unit 1, returns to synchronization unit 4, passed through
First photodetector 421, the second photodetector 422, third photodetector 423 detect；
By the pulse of the second photodetector 422 as benchmark, when inputting the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument 405 and second respectively
The ends start of width conversion device 406, by the stop of the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument of pulse input 405 of the first photodetector 421
End, by the ends stop of the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument of pulse input 406 of third photodetector 423, measures because optical fiber link is poor
Pulse delay data caused by different, data are passed to isochronous controller 404.
The Quantum repeater unit 3 receives the delay data that isochronous controller 404 is sent out, is delayed according to optical fiber link, point
First delay and running chip 311, the second delay and running chip 312 are not set, and the parameter of third delay and running chip 313 ensures
First delay and running chip 311, the second delay and running chip 312, the driving of third delay and running chip 313 first laser device 321,
It is synchronous to enter analyzer after the pulsed light that second laser 322, third laser 323 are sent out is modulated by quantum terminal unit 1
2；
After above-mentioned first laser device 321, second laser 322, third laser 323 send out pulse respectively, by the 4th
After circulator 301, the 5th circulator 302, the 6th circulator 303, it is sent to transmission unit 5, the transmission unit 5 is by different waves
Long optical signal is multiplexed into same root optical fiber, and is transferred to quantum terminal unit 1, specifically,
Wherein the pulse of different wave length is multiplexed into same light by the pulse by first wavelength division multiplexer 501 all the way
In fine channel, first Wave decomposing multiplexer 521 detaches the pulse of different wave length in fiber channel, and first light intersects
The pulse of input is sent to specified quantum terminal unit 1 by module 511 according to different wavelength；
The pulse of different wave length is multiplexed into same optical fiber by pulse described in another way by second wavelength division multiplexer 502
In channel, second Wave decomposing multiplexer 522 detaches the pulse of different wave length in fiber channel, the second smooth crossed module
The pulse of input is sent to specified quantum terminal unit 1 by block 512 according to different wavelength；
The pulse of different wave length is multiplexed into same light by the last pulse described all the way by the third wavelength division multiplexer 503
In fine channel, the third Wave decomposing multiplexer 523 detaches the pulse of different wave length in fiber channel, and the third light intersects
The pulse of input is sent to specified quantum terminal unit 1 by module 513 according to different wavelength.
Three quantum terminal units 1, the signal pulse for receiving quantum relay unit 3, phase-modulator 108 with
Machine load pulses phase [0,2 π], meets the requirement of Number State, and input photon is modulated to by light polarization modulator 107 at random：
|ψ>=| H>, | V>, |+>, |->,
Pulse labeling is to inveigle state or signal state by intensity modulator 106, and adjustable attenuator 101 ensures that photon average is
Designated value, optical channel monitor 104 are distributed according to the number of photons of Analysis of optical power pulse, and faraday's eyeglass 109 is by input light
Polarization state is rotated by 90 °, the birefringence effect in compensated optical fiber.Output average photon number is less than 1 by last quantum terminal unit 1
, Stochastic Modulation is horizontal, vertical ,+45 °, -45 ° quantum states photon, and which part is labeled as inveigling state, part to mark
For signal state.Above-mentioned photon returns to quantum relay unit 3 by transmission unit 5, synchronous to enter analyzer 2.
The Quantum repeater unit 5 receives three photons of the quantum terminal unit through ovennodulation, inputs analyzer 2.
The analyzer 2 analyzes the photon of input, is the quantum state point of three quantum terminal units 1 output below
It is not：
I.e. the photon of three is all modulated to horizontal polarization, 108 Stochastic Modulation of phase-modulator three by light polarization modulator 107
The phase of quantum terminal unit 1 is respectively φa、φb、φc, 101 collective effect of intensity modulator 106 and adjustable attenuator so that
The average photon number of three quantum terminal units 1 is respectively μ, ν, ω.Joint quantum state is：
Decay by fiber channel, joint evolution of quantum state is：
ηa、ηb、ηcTotal losses caused by fiber channel and device respectively between three quantum terminals 1 and analyzer 2.
After impulsive synchronization described in three tunnels enters the analyzer 2：
After first via pulse enters the first polarization beam apparatus 201, enters third through the first automatically controlled Polarization Controller 211 and polarize
Beam splitter 203, respectively by the first single-photon detector 221 and the 4th single-photon detector 224 after third polarization beam apparatus 203
It is detected, enters coincidence counting device 231 after the first single-photon detector 221 and the detection of the 4th single-photon detector 224；
It is automatically controlled inclined through the second polarization beam apparatus 202, second successively after second tunnel pulse enters the first polarization beam apparatus 201
It shakes and enters the 4th polarization beam apparatus 204 after controller 212, respectively by the second single photon detection after the 4th polarization beam apparatus 204
Device 222 and the 5th single-photon detector 225 are detected, through the second single-photon detector 222 and the 5th single-photon detector
Enter coincidence counting device 231 after 225 detections；
After the pulse of third road enters the second polarization beam apparatus 202, enter the 5th polarization through the automatically controlled Polarization Controller 213 of third
Beam splitter 205, respectively by third single-photon detector 223 and the 6th single-photon detector 226 after the 5th polarization beam apparatus 205
It is detected, enters coincidence counting device 231 after third single-photon detector 223 and the detection of the 6th single-photon detector 226.
Analyzer 2 to above-mentioned joint quantum measurement, when
First single-photon detector 221, the second single-photon detector 222, third single-photon detector 223；
First single-photon detector 221, the 5th single-photon detector 225, the 6th single-photon detector 226；
4th single-photon detector 224, the second single-photon detector 222, third single-photon detector 223；
4th single-photon detector 224, the 5th single-photon detector 225, third single-photon detector 223；
Any group simultaneously respond indicate quantum state be：
When
4th single-photon detector 224, the 5th single-photon detector 225, third single-photon detector 223；
First single-photon detector 221, the second single-photon detector 222, the 6th single-photon detector 226；
First single-photon detector 221, the 5th single-photon detector 225, third single-photon detector 223；
4th single-photon detector 224, the second single-photon detector 222, third single-photon detector 223；
Any group simultaneously respond indicate quantum state be：
Both the above situation thinks to measure successfully.Quantum repeater unit 3 announces measurement result.
Three quantum terminal units 1 comparison measurement results and the local information for preparing quantum state respectively, you can obtain
Source code, then abandon those and measure unsuccessful data, obtain screening code.
For three quantum terminal units 1 respectively by the classical channel communication of certification, the part estimation in code is screened in selection
The bit error rate, and according to the pattern (weak trick state+vacuum state, double trick states, single trick state) for inveigling state, computational theory value.If
The bit error rate is less than theoretical value, then it is assumed that safety continues to post-process.If the bit error rate is higher than theoretical value, then it is assumed that it is hidden to there is safety
Suffer from, abandons this communication.
After error rate test passes through, three quantum terminal units 1 by the classical channel communication of certification, use respectively
Classical algorithm, preferably hash algorithm carry out error correction.
After error correction passes through, three quantum terminal units 1 respectively by the classical channel communication of certification, to the data of reservation into
Row secrecy enhancing, that is, abandon a part of data so that the information that listener-in obtains is approximately 0, obtains safe quantum key.
Finally, the distribution of quantum key is realized between three quantum terminal units 1.
According to the disclosure and teachings of the above specification, the utility model those skilled in the art can also be to above-mentioned reality
The mode of applying is changed and is changed.Therefore, the utility model is not limited to specific implementation mode disclosed and described above, right
Some modifications and changes of utility model should also be as falling into the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.In addition, although
Some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are merely for convenience of description, not to the utility model structure
At any restrictions.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus, it is characterised in that：Synchronization unit generates three road waves
The laser pulse of a length of 1310nm, pulse described in three tunnels respectively by first annular device, the second circulator and third circulator after,
It into three transmission units and is sent in multiple quantum terminal units, multiple quantum terminal units are anti-by the pulse
It penetrates, the pulse through reflection after the first annular device, the second circulator and third circulator, is sent to respectively and synchronizes list
In member, the time that pulse described in three tunnel of the synchronization unit pair reaches the primary quantum terminal unit needs measures into line delay
Afterwards, the delay data of measurement is passed to Quantum repeater unit respectively, the Quantum repeater unit is sent out respectively according to delay data
The three tunnel pulses by delay, pulse described in three tunnels enters three transmission units by three circulators respectively, through three
It is single back to three transmission after a transmission unit is transferred to multiple quantum terminal units progress information codings
Member, after three transmission units, in synchronous driving to the Quantum repeater unit；
The Quantum repeater unit includes analyzer, and the pulse that the analyzer is passed to quantum terminal unit carries out projection survey
Amount show that the determining quantum state of measurement, the quantum terminal unit will measure determining quantum state and locally prepare quantum state
Information comparison obtains screening code, and by the classical channel communication of certification, a part of estimating bit error rate in code, and root are screened in selection
According to the mode computation theoretical value for inveigling state.
2. the unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Synchronization unit includes synchronous laser, the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter, and the pulse that the synchronous laser is sent out is by the
It is divided into three tunnel pulses after one beam splitter and the second beam splitter, pulse described in three tunnels has respectively entered first annular device, the second annular
Device and third circulator；
The synchronization unit further includes the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument, the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument and isochronous controller, through quantum end
Three tunnel pulses of end unit reflection, wherein entering the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument all the way, another way enters the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument, last
Enter the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument and the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument simultaneously all the way, is then respectively transmitted to the isochronous controller, institute again
It states isochronous controller the delay of each road pulse is detected to obtain detection data, the detection data is passed to the Quantum repeater
Unit.
3. the unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
Synchronization unit further includes the first photodetector, the second photodetector and third photodetector, through the quantum terminal list
It is laggard to pass through the first photodetector, the second photodetector and third photodetector respectively for pulse described in three tunnels of member reflection
Enter the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument and the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument；
First time-to-amplitude conversion instrument is equipped with the ends start and the ends stop, and second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument is equipped with the ends start and stop
End, by the pulse input of first photodetector to the ends stop of the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument, by second photoelectricity
The pulse of detector is separately input to the ends start of the first time-to-amplitude conversion instrument and the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument, by institute as benchmark
The pulse input of third photodetector is stated to the ends stop of the second time-to-amplitude conversion instrument.
4. the unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：
The Quantum repeater unit includes the first delay and running chip, the second delay and running chip and third delay and running chip, described
First delay and running chip, the second delay and running chip and third delay and running chip receive the isochronous controller transmission respectively
Determination data；
The Quantum repeater unit further includes first laser device, second laser and third laser, the first laser device,
Dual-laser device and third laser are received through the first delay and running chip, the second delay and running chip and third delay and running chip
The signal of delay adjustments, then sends out pulse, and the pulse that first laser device, second laser and third laser are sent out passes through respectively
The transmission unit is entered after crossing fourth annular device, the 5th circulator and the 6th circulator, is compiled through quantum terminal unit information
After code, incoming analyzer is synchronized.
5. the unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：It is described
Transmission unit includes the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second wavelength division multiplexer, the third wavelength division multiplexer connected by fiber channel；The
One Wave decomposing multiplexer, the second Wave decomposing multiplexer, third Wave decomposing multiplexer；First smooth Cross module, the second smooth crossed module
Block, third light Cross module；
Wherein the pulse of different wave length is multiplexed into same fiber channel by the pulse by first wavelength division multiplexer all the way
In, first Wave decomposing multiplexer by fiber channel different wave length pulse detach, the first smooth Cross module according to
The pulse of input is sent to specified quantum terminal unit by different wavelength；
The pulse of different wave length is multiplexed into same fiber channel by pulse described in another way by second wavelength division multiplexer,
Second Wave decomposing multiplexer detaches the pulse of different wave length in fiber channel, and the second smooth Cross module is according to difference
Wavelength the pulse of input is sent to specified quantum terminal unit；
The pulse of different wave length is multiplexed into same fiber channel by the last pulse described all the way by the third wavelength division multiplexer
In, the third Wave decomposing multiplexer by fiber channel different wave length pulse detach, the third light Cross module according to
The pulse of input is sent to specified quantum terminal unit by different wavelength.
6. the unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：It is described
Quantum terminal unit includes filter plate, third beam splitter, three port polarization beam splitters, intensity modulator, light polarization modulator, phase
Modulator and faraday's eyeglass；
After the pulse enters quantum terminal unit, filter plate is passed through, into third beam splitter, after third beam splitter successively
It is sent to three port polarization beam splitters, intensity modulator, light polarization modulator, phase-modulator and faraday's eyeglass.
7. the unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
Quantum terminal unit further includes optical channel monitor and adjustable attenuator；
The pulse entered through the third beam splitter, is divided into transmitted pulse and reflected impulse, wherein the transmitted pulse enters
Three port polarization beam splitters are used for quantum key distribution；
The reflected impulse enters optical channel monitor, monitoring and controlling channels optical power levels, and the number of photons for assessing channel is distributed
And judge whether there is wooden horse；
Pulse through faraday's lens reflecting, successively after three port polarization beam splitters and third beam splitter, into can
Controlled attenuator.
8. the unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus described according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that：
The analyzer includes the first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus, third polarization beam apparatus, the 4th polarization beam apparatus and the
Five polarization beam apparatus；
Further include the first automatically controlled Polarization Controller, the second automatically controlled Polarization Controller and the automatically controlled Polarization Controller of third；
Further include the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, third single-photon detector, the 4th single photon detection
Device, the 5th single-photon detector and the 6th single-photon detector；
It further include coincidence counting device；
Pulse through faraday's lens reflecting, successively after three port polarization beam splitters and third beam splitter, into can
Controlled attenuator, the pulse through overdamping by synchronous driving to analyzer,
After first via pulse enters the first polarization beam apparatus, enter third polarization beam apparatus through the first automatically controlled Polarization Controller, passes through
It is detected respectively by the first single-photon detector and the 4th single-photon detector after third polarization beam apparatus, through the first single photon
Enter coincidence counting device after detector and the detection of the 4th single-photon detector；
After second tunnel pulse enters the first polarization beam apparatus, pass through the second polarization beam apparatus, the second automatically controlled Polarization Controller successively
Into the 4th polarization beam apparatus, respectively by the second single-photon detector and the 5th single-photon detector after the 4th polarization beam apparatus
It is detected, enters coincidence counting device after the second single-photon detector and the detection of the 5th single-photon detector；
After the pulse of third road enters the second polarization beam apparatus, enter the 5th polarization beam apparatus, warp through the automatically controlled Polarization Controller of third
It is detected respectively by third single-photon detector and the 6th single-photon detector after 5th polarization beam apparatus, through third single photon
Enter coincidence counting device after detector and the detection of the 6th single-photon detector.
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| CN109586907A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-05 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of coalescing network system and method for quantum communications and the transmission of quantum time-frequency |
| CN111030756A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-17 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on logic coding and method thereof |
| CN113364588A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-07 | 中国科学技术大学 | Quantum key distribution method and quantum key distribution system |
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| CN109586907A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-05 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of coalescing network system and method for quantum communications and the transmission of quantum time-frequency |
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| CN109586907B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2022-03-15 | 广东尤科泊得科技发展有限公司 | Fusion network system and method for quantum communication and quantum time-frequency transmission |
| CN111030756A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-17 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on logic coding and method thereof |
| CN113364588A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-07 | 中国科学技术大学 | Quantum key distribution method and quantum key distribution system |
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