CN111030756A - Measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on logic coding and method thereof - Google Patents

Measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on logic coding and method thereof Download PDF

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CN111030756A
CN111030756A CN201911304574.7A CN201911304574A CN111030756A CN 111030756 A CN111030756 A CN 111030756A CN 201911304574 A CN201911304574 A CN 201911304574A CN 111030756 A CN111030756 A CN 111030756A
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preparation device
beam splitter
side preparation
key distribution
light
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东晨
潘青
王涛
贺转玲
张毅军
杨剑
刘娜
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
    • H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a quantum key distribution system based on logic coding, which comprises an Alice side preparation device and a Bob side preparation device which have the same optical path layout, wherein the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device synchronously send prepared logic coding light pulses to an untrusted third party measuring device. The invention also discloses a quantum key distribution method based on logic coding, which aims to utilize the physical principle that the rotation of the polarization-orbital angular momentum mixed entangled state is not changed, so that people can use a reference system independent measuring equipment independent quantum key distribution system without a polarization compensation module, overcome the polarization rotation noise in the conventional key distribution system and realize safe and reliable key distribution.

Description

Measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on logic coding and method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum information processing, relates to a measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on logic coding, and further relates to a distribution method of the distribution system.
Background
At present, there are two kinds of measurement device independent quantum key distribution systems in the market: the polarization encoding measurement device independent quantum key distribution system and the phase encoding measurement device independent quantum key distribution system. The polarization encoding measurement equipment independent quantum key distribution system has the characteristics of easy detection, suitability for free space quantum communication and the like, and occupies certain market position and technical advantages in the field of quantum communication at present.
At present, a polarization active compensation correction module is adopted by a commercialized independent quantum key distribution system of polarization coding measurement equipment to compensate polarization states of system receiving and sending, and the safe key generation rate of the key distribution system is limited to a certain extent. Although a quantum key distribution system which realizes polarization independence by adjusting the intensity of a light source also appears at present, the adjustment of the intensity of the light source needs active control, and the complexity of data post-processing is increased, so that the actual effect cannot meet the market requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a measuring equipment independent quantum key distribution system based on logic coding, which overcomes the polarization rotation noise in the existing key distribution system and realizes safe and reliable key distribution.
The invention also aims to provide a measuring device independent quantum key distribution method based on logic coding.
The invention adopts a first technical scheme that the measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on logic coding comprises an Alice side preparation device and a Bob side preparation device which have the same optical path layout, and the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device synchronously send prepared logic coding light pulses to an untrusted third party measuring device.
The first technical solution adopted by the present invention is further characterized in that,
the distribution structure of the optical path elements of the Alice-side preparation device and the Bob-side preparation device is as follows: the laser comprises a laser, wherein a beam splitter is arranged in front of a light path of the laser;
the beam splitter divides the light beam into an upper light path and a lower light path, and a spatial light modulator, a polarization beam splitter and a reflector are sequentially arranged on the upper light path along the direction of the light beam;
and the lower light path is sequentially provided with a reflector, a spatial light modulator, a polarization beam splitter, a half glass slide and a half glass slide along the light beam direction.
The included angle between the two half-slides 6 is thetaencoding。
The non-credible third-party measuring device comprises a beam splitter, the beam splitter generates two symmetrical light paths, each light path comprises a mode classifier, the front of the light path of the mode classifier is symmetrically provided with two polarization beam splitters, and the front of the light path of each polarization beam splitter is respectively symmetrically provided with two single photon detectors.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on logic coding comprises the following specific processes: firstly, preparing a sending side state through an Alice side preparation device and a Bob side preparation device respectively, and forming logic coding light pulses after the sending side state is prepared; and the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device synchronously send the prepared logic coding light pulse to the non-trusted third party measurement device, the quantum state is determined through the non-trusted third party measurement device, and finally, the communication parties extract the generation rate of the safety key according to the base comparison process.
The preparation process of the sending mode by the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device is as follows: the laser sends laser pulses, the laser pulses are divided into an upper light path and a lower light path after passing through the beam splitter, wherein the spatial light modulator of the upper light path modulates the light pulses into-1-order Laguerre Gaussian mode orbital angular momentum, and the polarization modulation is carried out through the polarization beam splitter with the angle of 0 degree; the spatial light modulator of the lower light path modulates the light pulse into +1 st order Laguerre Gaussian mode orbital angular momentum, polarization modulation is carried out through a polarization beam splitter with an angle of 90 degrees, and finally the upper light path and the lower light path are coupled through the beam splitter to obtain a logic coding base as shown in the following formula (1):
Figure BDA0002322737640000031
set to theta by two anglesencodingHalf slide of (a), thetaencodingThe jones matrix is:
Figure BDA0002322737640000032
by adjusting the angle theta between the two half-slidesencodingThe value can complete the conversion among the four logic bases and complete the state preparation process of the sender.
The measuring process of the non-trusted third party measuring device is as follows:
the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device simultaneously send the prepared logic coding light pulse to a beam splitter in the untrusted third-party measuring device, the two-photon interference process generated by the beam splitter is divided into two symmetrical light paths, and the logic coding light pulse passes through a mode classifier to complete the single-photon-level orbital angular momentum | l>And | r>The photons with the same orbital angular momentum mode are distinguished by the polarization beam splitter to reach the single photon detector for detection response, and the response result is a Bell state
Figure BDA0002322737640000033
And
Figure BDA0002322737640000034
the quantum states prepared by the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device can be determined, and the response result is the Bell state
Figure BDA0002322737640000035
And
Figure BDA0002322737640000036
the sender and the prepared quantum state can not be determined, and finally, the two communication parties extract according to the base comparison processThe security key generation rate is retrieved.
The invention has the advantages that the invention can overcome the polarization rotation noise in the channel environment, simultaneously, the prior measurement equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system does not need a polarization active compensation module, and the complexity of the system is simplified. The invention aims to utilize the physical principle that the rotation of the polarization-orbital angular momentum mixed entangled state is not changed, so that people can use the independent quantum key distribution system of the reference system independent measuring equipment without a polarization compensation module, overcome the polarization rotation noise in the conventional key distribution system and realize safe and reliable key distribution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring device independent quantum key distribution system based on logic coding according to the invention.
In the figure, 1, a laser, 2, a beam splitter, 3, a spatial light modulator, 4, a reflector, 5, a polarization beam splitter, 6, a half-wave plate, 7, a mode classifier, 8, a single photon detector, 9, an Alice side preparation device, 10, a Bob side preparation device and 11, an untrusted third party measurement device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The measuring equipment-independent quantum key distribution system based on logic coding comprises three parts, namely an Alice-side preparation device 9, a Bob-side preparation device 10 and an untrusted third-party measuring device 11, as shown in FIG. 1. (Alice and Bob represent only the two parties in communication sending a signal)
The Alice-side preparation device 9 and the Bob-side preparation device 10 have the same structure and comprise a laser 1, a beam splitter 2 is arranged in front of the optical path of the laser 1,
the beam splitter 2 divides the light beam into an upper light path and a lower light path, and a spatial light modulator 3, a polarization beam splitter 5 and a reflector 4 are sequentially arranged on the upper light path along the direction of the light beam;
the lower light path is provided with a reflector 4, a spatial light modulator 3, a polarization beam splitter 5, a beam splitter 2, a half glass 6 and a half glass 6 in sequence along the light beam direction.
Between two half slides 6Is thetaencoding。
The untrusted third-party measuring device 11 comprises a beam splitter 2, the beam splitter 2 generates two symmetrical light paths, each light path comprises a mode classifier 7, two polarization beam splitters 5 are symmetrically arranged in front of the light path of the mode classifier 7, and two single photon detectors 8 are symmetrically arranged in front of the light path of each polarization beam splitter 5 respectively.
The distribution method of the measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on the logic coding comprises the following specific processes:
the sending-side preparation process performed by the Alice-side preparation device 9 and the Bob-side preparation device 10 is the same, and specifically as follows: the laser 1 sends laser pulses, the laser pulses are divided into an upper light path and a lower light path after passing through the beam splitter 2, wherein the spatial light modulator 3 of the upper light path modulates the light pulses into-1-order Laguerre Gaussian mode orbital angular momentum, and the light pulses are subjected to polarization modulation through the polarization beam splitter 5 with the angle of 0 degree; the spatial light modulator 3 of the lower optical path modulates the light pulse into +1 st order Laguerre Gaussian mode orbital angular momentum, the polarization modulation is carried out through the polarization beam splitter 5 with the angle of 90 degrees, and finally the upper optical path and the lower optical path are coupled through the beam splitter 2, so that the logic coding base is obtained as shown in the following formula (1):
Figure BDA0002322737640000051
set to theta by two anglesencoding6, theta of the half slideencodingThe jones matrix is:
Figure BDA0002322737640000052
by adjusting the angle theta between the two half-slides 6encodingValue (theta)encodingA conversion between four logical groups (| 0), 45 °, ± 22.5 °) can be achieved (| 0)L>→|0L>，|1L〉，|±L>) The reflector 4 mainly completes the adjustment of the light path direction, wherein α is the included angle between the single half slide 6 and the central axis.
The measurement process of the untrusted third party measurement device 11 is as follows:
the Alice side preparation device 9 and the Bob side preparation device 10 send the prepared logic coding light pulse to the beam splitter 2 in the untrusted third party measurement device 11 at the same time, the beam splitter 2 generates a two-photon interference process and divides the two-photon interference process into two symmetrical light paths, and the logic coding light pulse passes through the mode classifier 7 to complete the single-photon-level orbital angular momentum | l>And | r>The photons with the same orbital angular momentum mode are distinguished in the polarization mode through the polarization beam splitter 5 and reach the single photon detector 8 for detection response, and the response result is a Bell state
Figure BDA0002322737640000061
And
Figure BDA0002322737640000062
the quantum states prepared by the Alice-side preparation device 9 and the Bob-side preparation device 10 can be determined, and the response result is the Bell state
Figure BDA0002322737640000063
And
Figure BDA0002322737640000064
the quantum states prepared by the sender 9 and 10 cannot be determined, and finally, the two communication parties extract the generation rate of the security key according to the base comparison process.
The measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on logic coding has the characteristics that: by adopting polarization-orbital angular momentum logic coding, the phase shifts generated by the polarization rotation of the two photon degrees of freedom in the channel can be mutually offset, so that the independence of the reference system of the quantum key distribution system irrelevant to the measuring equipment is realized, and the polarization state of the finally measured optical pulse cannot be influenced by the arbitrary polarization rotation of the channel.

Claims (7)

1. Measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on logic coding is characterized in that: the device comprises an Alice side preparation device and a Bob side preparation device which are completely identical in optical path layout, wherein the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device synchronously send prepared logic coding light pulses to an untrusted third party measuring device at the same time.
2. The logic encoding-based measuring device independent quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein: the distribution structure of the optical path elements of the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device is as follows: the laser comprises a laser, wherein a beam splitter is arranged in front of a light path of the laser;
the beam splitter divides the light beam into an upper light path and a lower light path, and a spatial light modulator, a polarization beam splitter and a reflector are sequentially arranged on the upper light path along the direction of the light beam;
and the lower light path is sequentially provided with a reflector, a spatial light modulator, a polarization beam splitter, a half glass slide and a half glass slide along the light beam direction.
3. The logic encoding-based measuring device independent quantum key distribution system of claim 2, wherein: the included angle between the two half glass sheets 6 is thetaencoding。
4. The logic encoding-based quantum key distribution system of claim 2, wherein: the non-credible third-party measuring device comprises a beam splitter, the beam splitter generates two symmetrical light paths, each light path comprises a mode classifier, the front of the light path of the mode classifier is symmetrically provided with two polarization beam splitters, and the front of the light path of each polarization beam splitter is respectively symmetrically provided with two single photon detectors.
5. The quantum key distribution method based on logic coding is characterized in that:
the specific process is as follows: firstly, preparing a sending side state through an Alice side preparation device and a Bob side preparation device respectively, and forming logic coding light pulses after the sending side state is prepared; and the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device synchronously send the prepared logic coding light pulse to the non-trusted third party measurement device, the quantum state is determined through the non-trusted third party measurement device, and finally, the communication parties extract the generation rate of the safety key according to the base comparison process.
6. The reference frame independent measurement device independent quantum key distribution method based on logic coding according to claim 5, characterized in that: the preparation process of the sending mode by the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device is as follows: the laser sends laser pulses, the laser pulses are divided into an upper light path and a lower light path after passing through the beam splitter, wherein the spatial light modulator of the upper light path modulates the light pulses into orbital angular momentum of a Laguerre Gaussian mode of-1 order, and the light pulses are subjected to polarization modulation through the polarization beam splitter with the angle of 0 DEG; the spatial light modulator of the lower light path modulates the light pulse into +1 st order Laguerre Gaussian mode orbital angular momentum, polarization modulation is carried out through a polarization beam splitter with an angle of 90 degrees, and finally the upper light path and the lower light path are coupled through the beam splitter to obtain a logic coding base as shown in the following formula (1):
Figure FDA0002322737630000021
set to theta by two anglesencodingHalf slide of (a), thetaencodingThe jones matrix is:
Figure FDA0002322737630000022
by adjusting the angle theta between the two half-slidesencodingThe value can complete the conversion among the four logic bases and complete the state preparation process of the sender.
7. The reference frame independent measurement device independent quantum key distribution method based on logic coding according to claim 5, characterized in that: the measuring process of the non-trusted third party measuring device is as follows:
the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device simultaneously send the prepared logic coding light pulse to a beam splitter in the untrusted third-party measuring device, and the two-photon interference process generated by the beam splitter is divided into two symmetrical light paths and logicThe coded light pulse passes through a mode classifier to complete single-photon-level orbital angular momentum | l>And | r>The photons with the same orbital angular momentum mode are distinguished by the polarization beam splitter to reach the single photon detector for detection response, and the response result is a Bell state
Figure FDA0002322737630000023
And
Figure FDA0002322737630000024
the quantum states prepared by the Alice side preparation device and the Bob side preparation device can be determined, and the response result is the Bell state
Figure FDA0002322737630000031
And
Figure FDA0002322737630000032
the sender and the prepared quantum state cannot be determined, and finally, the two communication parties extract the generation rate of the security key according to the base comparison process.
CN201911304574.7A 2019-12-17 2019-12-17 Measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system based on logic coding and method thereof Pending CN111030756A (en)

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CN207947786U (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-10-09 华南师范大学 A kind of unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus
CN109379188A (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-02-22 山西大学 A kind of unrelated phase matched quantum key distribution device of measuring device
CN109495261A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-19 华南师范大学 A kind of unrelated quantum key distribution system of OAM measuring device and method of real-time tracking compensation
US10447408B2 (en) * 2016-01-20 2019-10-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Multi-transmitter quantum optical communication system and method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10447408B2 (en) * 2016-01-20 2019-10-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Multi-transmitter quantum optical communication system and method
CN207947786U (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-10-09 华南师范大学 A kind of unrelated quantum key distribution network system of multi-party measuring apparatus
CN109379188A (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-02-22 山西大学 A kind of unrelated phase matched quantum key distribution device of measuring device
CN109495261A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-19 华南师范大学 A kind of unrelated quantum key distribution system of OAM measuring device and method of real-time tracking compensation

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