CN104202157B - The synchronous method and device of a kind of quantum key distribution system - Google Patents
The synchronous method and device of a kind of quantum key distribution system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104202157B CN104202157B CN201410472681.1A CN201410472681A CN104202157B CN 104202157 B CN104202157 B CN 104202157B CN 201410472681 A CN201410472681 A CN 201410472681A CN 104202157 B CN104202157 B CN 104202157B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2589—Bidirectional transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
- H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
- H04J14/0242—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of synchronous method of quantum key distribution system, the quantum key distribution system is duplexing QKD system, the Alice of duplexing QKD system both ends QKD equipment can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength respectively, the synchronizable optical of transmission is transmitted in same fiber link, when making in fiber link while running two QKD links, synchronous optical wavelength in both links is different, the Bob of both ends QKD equipment uses optical filter part, synchronizable optical is separated, then synchronizable optical screened using corresponding discriminator.The present invention also provides a kind of sychronisation of quantum key distribution system.The advantage of the invention is that：The synchronizable optical of different wave length is respectively adopted in duplexing QKD system both ends, solves the problems, such as because synchronizable optical reflection causes duplexing QKD system to be unable to full duplex operation, and equipment operation is simple and convenient, is easy to produce in batches.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of quantum secure communication, in particular, provides a kind of synchronous method of quantum key distribution system
And the duplexing QKD system based on the synchronous method.
Background technology
The fundamental difference of quantum key distribution (Quantum Key Distribution, QKD) and classic key system exists
In it uses the carrier of single photon or entangled photon pairs as key, and the process is ensure that by quantum-mechanical general principle
Can not eavesdrop, can not the property decoded, so as to provide a kind of safer key code system.At present, it is real using entangled photon pairs
The technology of existing quantum key distribution is not also very ripe, and distance is practical suitable distance；And the amount realized based on single photon
Quantum key distribution technology, then it is ripe day by day.
The quantum key distribution technology realized based on single photon generally has two kinds of coded systems：Polarization encoder and phase are compiled
Code.Exemplified by a manner of polarization encoder, the basic process of quantum key distribution is：
1) system sender (agreement is referred to as Alice) selects two groups of basic vectors, and sending a string at random has different polarization states
Photon；
2) system recipient (agreement is referred to as Bob) is random is received from measurement basic vector, due to detection efficient and path
The problem of decay, Bob can not detect all photons, can only detect photon in some locations at random；
3) Bob notifies Alice that he uses any basic vector on the position for detect photon；
4) Alice contrasts the basic vector used when the basic vector used when oneself sends and Bob measurements, if both are in certain opening position
Used basic vector is consistent, i.e. the basic vector that uses is correct when Bob is measured, then retains the information on the position, and tell Bob he
The measurement basic vector used on which position is correct；
5) Bob leaves the information on the correct position of measurement basic vector；
6) so Alice and Bob just have shared a string of random keys.
It can be seen from said process during quantum key distribution, Alice and Bob need to carry out basic vector comparison,
Compare Alice is made when sending basic vector used in photon and Bob on some position and detecting the photon of this position
Measure whether basic vector is consistent.In order to ensure that Alice and Bob carry out basic vector comparison, sender on same position
Need accurate " position " synchronous between recipient, otherwise, the key at final Alice and Bob both ends occurs inconsistent
Phenomenon.It is even more important so the synchronous method of system just seems.
Above-mentioned " position ", vivid description are exactly which pulse in one group of light pulse.In transmitting terminal, flashlight
Light pulse is continuously transmitted with fixed frequency, the time slot with fixation between two neighboring light pulse, and the light arteries and veins of synchronizable optical
Punching is continuously transmitted with the fixed frequency more much lower than flashlight transmission frequency.When flashlight and synchronizable optical are sent simultaneously,
The continuously flashlight sent between two synchronous light pulses is one group of light pulse.Receiving terminal is receiving continuously
During flashlight, by detecting the signal pulse between two synchronous light pulses, it may be determined that one group of light pulse." the position
Put " information, you can determined by which pulse signal in one group of signal pulse.Due to two neighboring flashlight arteries and veins
There is fixed time slot, above-mentioned " position " namely temporal information between punching.
Fig. 1 represents the synchronous method of prior art.The synchronous method of QKD system is that the Alice of QKD equipment is sent
Synchronizable optical, Bob receive synchronizable optical and complete to screen, and produce synchronizing signal.Quantum channel in system only has an optical fiber, i.e. signal
Light and synchronizable optical are transmitted in same root optical fiber.
In the realization of QKD system, Alice may include N number of signal light laser, and (particular number regards used QKD
Depending on coding protocol) and a synchronous light laser, the wavelength of flashlight is λsignal, the wavelength of synchronizable optical is λsync, and
λsignal≠λsync, both are optically coupled in same root optical fiber, Bob ends are transferred to by fiber link.Bob ends include one
Individual optical filter part, such as dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) device, the wherein a length of λ of cardiac wavesignal, can be by flashlight and same
Step light is separated, and the flashlight separated then is done into corresponding subsequent treatment, the synchronizable optical separated is sent into same
Screened in step light discriminator.Discriminator screens out the signal come as synchronizing signal, is used for flashlight subsequent processes.
Unidirectional (one-way), duplexing QKD system based on the existing method of synchronization are as shown in Fig. 2 every equipment includes hair
Sending end Alice and receiving terminal Bob, two QKD links can be established simultaneously between two QKD equipment.Two QKD links difference
It is：QKD equipment _ L Alice and QKD equipment _ R Bob link setups；QKD equipment _ R Alice and QKD equipment _ L Bob link setups.
The synchronizable optical sent by QKD equipment _ L Alice synchronous light laser, after being transmitted through fiber link, by QKD equipment _ R
Bob synchronizable optical discriminator screen；The synchronizable optical sent by QKD equipment _ R Alice synchronous light laser, through optical fiber
After link transmission, screened by QKD equipment _ L Bob synchronizable optical discriminator.
From prior art as can be seen that it is traditional based on synchronization duplexing QKD system, its QKD equipment _ L Alice and
The synchronizable optical that QKD equipment _ R Alice is sent is wavelength identical.
Among this area, it is defined as " two-way QKD system ", this is referred in QKD implementation, and flashlight is from
One QKD ends are sent to the 2nd QKD ends, then return to the first QKD ends along original optical path.In general, is issued from the first QKD ends
The flashlight at two QKD ends is stronger, average each pulse hundreds of or thousands of individual photons, and before the first QKD ends are returned to, the
Two QKD ends are attenuated to single photon magnitude (average each one photon or less of pulse).In the fiber link of system only
One QKD link, it is two-way (two-way), a process for either simplex.
Documents are such as MAGIQ Technologies Inc.《The two-way QKD system suppressed with back scattering》(Patent No.
200580025415.3), its first QKD station has lasing light emitter luminous at different wavelengths, and multiple single-photon detectors
(SPD) unit.In two-way QKD system, rear orientation light is typically connecting the first and second QKD by stronger output signal light
Produced in the fiber link stood.The signal of the first QKD station is returned in order to which rear orientation light interference is reduced or avoided from the second QKD station
The detection of light, the patent is in the QKD station of Sequential Activation first when each couple of SPD in SPD units, the different light of Sequential Activation
Source.It is the problem of detection of flashlight in two-way QKD system is easily disturbed by rear orientation light that the patent is to be solved, and its is right
The requirement of related Control System is higher to calculate the Expected Arrival Time of flashlight, it is necessary to according to the length of actual fiber link,
Expected Arrival Time carries out the activation control of different light source, SPD units, and control accuracy requirement is high, and the Sequential Activation
Process is persistently carried out.
When existing synchronous method is applied to unidirectional (one-way), duplex system, as shown in Fig. 2 QKD equipment _ L
The synchronous optical wavelength that Alice and QKD equipment _ R Alice is sent is identical, and is transmitted in same root optical fiber.Due to reality
Border fiber link environment is undesirable, fiber end face reflex be present.For example, as QKD equipment _ L Alice and QKD equipment _ R
Bob link startups after, the synchronizable optical for QKD equipment _ L Alice is sent there may be reflex, and its reflected light enters QKD
Equipment _ L Bob, so as to cause the synchronizing signal in QKD equipment _ R Alice and QKD equipment _ L Bob links to be screened by mistake；This
Sample is after QKD equipment _ R Alice and QKD equipment _ L Bob link startups, synchronizable optical meeting that QKD equipment _ R Alice is sent
It is interfered, causes system to be not normally functioning.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of synchronous method and device of quantum key distribution system, for solving due to duplexing QKD systems
The wavelength of QKD equipment _ L Alice and QKD equipment _ R Alice synchronizable opticals is identical in system, and caused by synchronizable optical reflection will lead
The problem of causing two QKD links to run simultaneously.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem using following technical scheme：The synchronous method of the present invention, used in duplexing QKD
In system, the Alice of duplexing QKD system both ends QKD equipment can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength respectively, transmission it is same
Step light transmits in same fiber link, when making in fiber link while running two QKD links, the synchronization in both links
Optical wavelength is different, and the Bob of both ends QKD equipment is screened using corresponding discriminator to synchronizable optical.
It is worth noting that, " two-way QKD system " in " duplexing QKD system " concept and documents that the present invention uses
It is not same concept.
Documents《The two-way QKD system suppressed with back scattering》Middle proposition be QKD a kind of implementation, no
It is the synchronous method of system.In the documents definition of " bilateral system " be system one end QKD equipment (Bob) send it is stronger
Flashlight, transmit to the QKD equipment (Alice) of the system other end, will after flashlight is decayed to single photon magnitude by Alice
Flashlight is returned again to Bob by original optical path, and light path is a round process.Light in whole process between two QKD equipment
There was only a QKD active link on fine link, be two-way (two-way), a process for either simplex.
And in present patent application " duplex system " be defined as can " full duplex " work system, duplex system it is every
One end contains Alice and Bob, can establish two QKD links simultaneously.Weak signal light (single photon magnitude) can be from QKD
Equipment _ L transmitting terminal Alice is transmitted to QKD equipment _ R receiving terminal Bob, while can also be passed from QKD equipment _ R Alice
Transport to QKD_L Bob (Fig. 4).So, can the operation two simultaneously in fiber link between the both ends QKD equipment of duplex system
Bar QKD active links, it is a unidirectional, process for full duplex.This " bilateral system " with documents is in structure and optical signal
Very big difference in transmission be present.
The Alice of duplexing QKD system both ends QKD equipment can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength and examination respectively
Process can be realized by following any method：
1st, the synchronous light laser of two different wave lengths is provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends, and is needed
Configuration control module, the Alice of the QKD equipment through control module control QKD system both ends to be sent out respectively in duplexing QKD system
The synchronizable optical of any wavelength is sent, the synchronizable optical of transmission is sent to the Bob of corresponding QKD equipment in same fiber link, and
And the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part, the synchronizable optical isolated is sent into by optical filter part
Screened among corresponding discriminator, which kind of discriminator the Bob that control module also control the QKD equipment at both ends respectively visits
The signal measured is as synchronizing signal.
Because actual fiber chain environment is undesirable, fiber end face reflex be present, may on a QKD active link
The synchronizable optical of the different synchronizable optical of two-way wavelength, the synchronizable optical of one of which wavelength and another wavelength of reflection be present, through light
After filtering device, among the corresponding discriminator that can be made a gift to someone respectively.For example, the centre frequency of optical filter part is λ1(in this
Frequency of heart is generally fixed value), it is λ when using wavelength1Synchronizable optical when, then after optical filter part, be sent into screen
Screened in device 1；It is λ when using wavelength2Synchronizable optical when, then after optical filter part, except λ1Other optical signals in addition are all sent
Entering and screened in discriminator 2, examination of the interference such as noise in fiber link on synchronizable optical influences very little, can be ignored, because
It is λ that this, which can correctly screen out wavelength,2Synchronizable optical.(mentioned in herein below " by the synchronizable optical isolated be sent into corresponding to
Screened among discriminator " process all referring to the process)
2nd, the synchronous light laser of two different wave lengths is provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends, is sent
Synchronizable optical be sent to the Bob of corresponding QKD equipment in same fiber link, and the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
Bob is each equipped with optical filter part, and optical filter part will be screened among discriminator corresponding to the synchronizable optical isolated feeding,
After system initial configuration, one of QKD equipment uses one of them synchronous a length of λ of light laser send wave1Synchronizable optical
Sync1, and use a synchronization using the signal that a corresponding discriminator detects as synchronizing signal, another QKD equipment
The a length of λ of light laser send wave2Synchronizable optical sync2, and believe using the signal that a corresponding discriminator detects as synchronous
Number.
3rd, the synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable, the ripple are provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
Long adjustable synchronous light laser can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, and the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends divides
The synchronizable optical for not sending any wavelength is dispatched by control module, and the synchronizable optical of transmission is sent to pair in same fiber link
The Bob of QKD equipment is answered, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part, and optical filter part will divide
Screened among discriminator corresponding to the synchronizable optical feeding separated out, control module also control Bob points of the QKD equipment at both ends
The signal which kind of discriminator is not detected is as synchronizing signal.
4th, the synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable, the ripple are provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
Long adjustable synchronous light laser can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, and the synchronizable optical of transmission is in same fiber link
The Bob of corresponding QKD equipment is sent to, the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part, optical filter part
It will be screened among discriminator corresponding to the synchronizable optical isolated feeding, after system initial configuration, one of QKD equipment
The synchronous a length of λ of light laser send wave1Synchronizable optical sync1, and using the signal that a corresponding discriminator detects as
Synchronizing signal, the synchronous a length of λ of light laser send wave of another QKD equipment2Synchronizable optical sync2, and will corresponding to one
The signal that discriminator detects is as synchronizing signal.
5th, the synchronous light laser of a fixed wave length, both ends are provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
The wavelength that sends of synchronous light laser it is different, the synchronizable optical of transmission is sent to corresponding QKD equipment in same fiber link
Bob, the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends screened using corresponding discriminator to synchronizable optical.
Present invention also offers a kind of sychronisation of quantum key distribution system, the quantum key distribution system is duplex
QKD system, including the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends synchronous light laser is arranged respectively at, QKD system both ends
The synchronous light laser of QKD equipment can send the synchronizable optical of two kinds of different wave lengths respectively, and the QKD at QKD system both ends is set
Standby Bob is each equipped with discriminator, and synchronizable optical is screened using corresponding discriminator.
Specific apparatus structure can be following any：
1st, the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends synchronous light laser has two, two synchronous light lasers
Different wavelength can be sent, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is each equipped with optical filter part and two kinds of difference
The discriminator for two kinds of different wave lengths that synchronous light laser is sent can be screened, the synchronizable optical isolated is sent into by optical filter part
Screened among corresponding discriminator.
In this kind of structure, control module is also configured in the duplexing QKD system, control module control QKD system both ends
The synchronous light laser of QKD equipment sends the synchronizable optical of any wavelength respectively, and control module also control the QKD equipment at both ends
The Bob signals that respectively detect which kind of discriminator as synchronizing signal.
Or the synchronous light laser of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends sends synchronizable optical and the both ends of any wavelength
QKD equipment Bob respectively using the signal which kind of discriminator detects as synchronizing signal, determined through system initial configuration.
2nd, the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is provided with the synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable, the wavelength
Adjustable synchronous light laser can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
It is each equipped with optical filter part and two kinds of discriminators for being able to screen two kinds of different wave lengths that synchronous light laser is sent, light
Filtering device will be screened among discriminator corresponding to the synchronizable optical isolated feeding.
In this kind of structure, control module, the Alice of the QKD equipment at both ends wavelength are also configured in the duplexing QKD system
The synchronizable optical that adjustable synchronous light laser sends any wavelength respectively is dispatched by control module, and control module also control two
The signal which kind of discriminator the Bob of the QKD equipment at end respectively detects is as synchronizing signal.
Or the synchronous light laser of the Wavelength tunable of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends sends the synchronization of any wavelength
The Bob of the QKD equipment at light and both ends using the signal which kind of discriminator detects as synchronizing signal, initially matches somebody with somebody through system respectively
Put decision.
3rd, the synchronous light laser that the Alice of the QKD equipment at the QKD system both ends is furnished with is a fixed wave length
Synchronous light laser, the wavelength that the synchronous light laser at both ends is sent is different, and the Bob of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends is configured
The discriminator for screening the wavelength received can be fixed by having.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1st, the synchronizable optical of different wave length is respectively adopted in duplexing QKD system both ends, solve due to synchronizable optical reflection cause it is double
The problem of work QKD system is unable to full duplex operation；
2nd, according to embodiment one and embodiment two, compared to original QKD system, its QKD equipment need to only increase the Alice ends more
One synchronous light laser, or Alice use the synchronous light laser of Wavelength tunable, reach transmittable two kinds of different wave lengths
Function；One optical filter part of more increases and a synchronizable optical discriminator are only needed at Bob ends.Increased device needed for system equipment
Cost is relatively low, and the characteristics of QKD equipment _ L is identical with QKD equipment _ R can be being realized in structure, reaches any two QKD and sets
The standby function that point-to-point connection and communication can be achieved, equipment operation is simple and convenient, is easy to produce in batches；
3rd, according to embodiment three, compared to original QKD system, the Alice and Bob of its QKD equipment need not increase any new
Hardware, it is only necessary to when system dispatches from the factory configuration, the same of different wave length is respectively configured for QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Alice
Light is walked, accordingly, different discriminators is respectively configured for QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Bob, by QKD equipment _ L
Produced in pairs with QKD equipment _ R, equipment operation is simple and convenient, is easy to produce in batches；
4th, the Bob ends at duplexing QKD system both ends use optical filter part and two kinds of discriminators, be easy to differentiate link-quality,
System debug and positioning problems.For example, the Alice on QKD_L has built up with the Bob on QKD_R and linked, bring into operation, if
It was found that Bob ends discriminator corresponding with the synchronous optical wavelength that local terminal Alice is sent has output on QKD_L, then illustrate fiber link
On synchronizable optical reflection be present.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the synchronous method in prior art.
Fig. 2 is unidirectional (one-way) based on the existing method of synchronization, duplexing QKD system schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic diagram of synchronous method scene one of the synchronous method of quantum key distribution system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is duplex system schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the duplexing QKD system schematic diagram of the synchronous method based on the present invention.
Fig. 6 is duplexing QKD system schematic diagrames of the Alice using the synchronous light laser of two different wave lengths.
Fig. 7 is duplexing QKD system schematic diagrames of the Alice using the synchronous light laser of a variable wavelength.
Fig. 8 is the duplexing QKD system schematic diagram for the synchronous light laser that Alice and Bob uses different wave length respectively.
Fig. 9 is a kind of schematic diagram of synchronous method scene two of the synchronous method of quantum key distribution system of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The transmission of flashlight and synchronizable optical has two kinds of typical scenes in duplexing QKD system.Scene one (Fig. 3) is system both ends
The Alice end signals light and synchronizable optical of QKD equipment, which can be coupling in same root optical fiber, to be transmitted, in this case, system two
The Bob of end QKD equipment needs two-stage optical filter part and two discriminators, and first order optical filter part is by flashlight and synchronizable optical
Separation, second level optical filter part will be screened among discriminator corresponding to the synchronizable optical isolated feeding.Scene two (Fig. 9)
It is that the flashlight at the Alice ends of system both ends QKD equipment and synchronizable optical are transmitted in two optical fiber respectively, in this case,
The Bob of system both ends QKD equipment only needs one-level optical filter part and two discriminators, the synchronization that optical filter part will be isolated
Screened among discriminator corresponding to light feeding.
Following embodiments are the introductions carried out by taking scene one as an example.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the synchronous method scene one of the present invention, and the system using this method shown in figure is only
It is a typical case, not unique situation, the schematic diagram is intended merely to that duplexing QKD system both ends QKD is described in detail
The Alice of equipment sends the one of which process of two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength respectively, and the Bob of both ends QKD equipment is adopted
The specific mistake that flashlight is separated with synchronizable optical with light filtering device, screened again using corresponding discriminator to synchronizable optical
Journey, it is mainly used to illustrate optical filter part separation flashlight and the process of synchronizable optical and the selection of optical filter part.
QKD equipment _ L Bob ends and QKD equipment _ R Alice ends are eliminated in Fig. 3, only embodies QKD equipment _ L's
The process for unidirectional synchronizable optical that Alice ends are sent to QKD equipment _ R Bob ends；QKD equipment _ R Alice is set to QKD
The process that standby _ L Bob sends synchronizable optical is same.
QKD equipment _ L Alice contains multiple signal light lasers and two synchronous light lasers, synchronous light laser 1
With the 2 synchronizable optical λ that can to send two kinds of wavelength respectively different1And λ2.QKD equipment _ L Alice selections use one of which wavelength
(λ1Or λ2) synchronizable optical, such as selection wavelength be λ1Synchronizable optical, i.e. synchronizable optical central wavelength lambdasync=λ1, with N Lu Zhizhengs
Wavelength is λsignalSignal be optically coupled in the Bob that QKD equipment _ R is sent in same fiber link.Correspondingly, QKD equipment _
It is λ that R Alice (not shown in Fig. 3), which is selected using wavelength,2Synchronizable optical.
QKD equipment _ R Bob isolates flashlight using first order optical filter part, reuses second level optical filter part
Isolate synchronizable optical.Preferably, dense wavelength division multiplexing (Dense Wavelength can be selected in first order optical filter part
Division Multiplexing, DWDM) device, the wherein a length of λ of cardiac wavesignal.Flashlight and synchronizable optical after DWDM devices,
Flashlight is isolated according to centre wavelength, carries out flashlight subsequent treatment；The unified feeding of synchronous optical signal in addition to flashlight
Second level optical filter part.Preferably, DWDM devices, the wherein a length of λ of cardiac wave can be selected in optical filter part in the second level1Or λ2, can divide
Two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength are separated out, are λ by wavelength1Synchronizable optical be sent into discriminator 1 in, be λ by wavelength2Synchronizable optical give
Enter in discriminator 2, to screen synchronizable optical.The signal screened out from discriminator 1 or discriminator 2 is used as synchronizing signal (this example
In be and λ1Corresponding synchronizing signal), used for flashlight subsequent processes.
In the duplexing QKD system structure based on synchronous method described in Fig. 3, every QKD equipment includes transmitting terminal Alice
With receiving terminal Bob, full duplex work can be carried out, in fiber link can transmitting two paths synchronizable optical, as shown in Figure 4.Duplex system
The Alice of both ends QKD equipment contains containing the laser that two kinds of different wave length synchronizable opticals can be transmitted, the Bob of both ends QKD equipment
There is two-stage optical filter part, first order optical filter part may separate out flashlight and synchronizable optical, and second level optical filter part will divide
Screened among discriminator corresponding to the synchronizable optical feeding separated out.
The duplexing QKD system based on the method for synchronization, a top level control module can also be included, as shown in figure 5,
The major function of the control module is to control the synchronizable optical which wavelength is used on QKD links.When a link selection ripple
A length of λ1Synchronizable optical sync1 when, a link is then λ using wavelength in addition2Synchronizable optical sync2.Control module can pass through
Software is realized, can also be realized by the hardware such as single-chip microcomputer, FPGA, DSP.
Duplexing QKD system of the present invention, its structure is as shown in figure 5, QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is included
Alice and Bob, two QKD links, i.e. QKD equipment _ L Alice and QKD equipment _ R can be established simultaneously between two equipment
Bob between link, and the link between QKD equipment _ R Alice and QKD equipment _ L Bob.Whole duplexing QKD systems
System is worked using full-duplex mode.The characteristics of duplexing QKD system, is, the synchronizable optical of different wave length is used on two QKD links,
Avoid the synchronizable optical used when both links wavelength it is identical when, the reflected light of a link synchronization light can disturb another chain
The problem of normal examination of road synchronizable optical, solve the problems, such as that two QKD links can not be run simultaneously, realize QKD system
Full duplex function.
QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Alice can be containing the synchronous ray laser that two kinds of different wave lengths can be transmitted
Device or QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Alice use the synchronous light laser of different wave length respectively.If QKD is set
Standby _ L and QKD equipment _ R Alice is the first situation, then QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Bob filters containing two-stage light
Wave device, separate the synchronizable optical of flashlight and two kinds of different wave lengths；If QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Alice is second
Kind of situation, then QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Bob comprise only one-level optical filter part, separate flashlight and synchronizable optical.
In described duplexing QKD system QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Alice synchronous light laser can include,
But it is not limited to following several forms：
Embodiment one (uses the synchronous light laser of two different wave lengths)
Option1 (wavelength for the synchronizable optical that Alice is sent is determined by control module)：
As shown in fig. 6, QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Alice is each equipped with two synchronous light lasers --- it is synchronous
Light laser 1 and synchronous light laser 2, wherein synchronous light laser 1 regularly sends synchronizable optical sync1, wavelength λ1, it is synchronous
Light laser 2 regularly sends synchronizable optical sync2, wavelength λ2, and λ1≠λ2.QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Bob matches somebody with somebody
Two-stage optical filter part is equipped with, first order optical filter part may separate out flashlight and synchronizable optical, and second level optical filter part can
The different synchronizable optical of two-way wavelength is isolated, as shown in Figure 3.Second level optical filter part distinguishes the two-way synchronizable optical isolated
Among discriminator corresponding to feeding, regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 11Synchronizable optical sync1, discriminator 2 is regularly
Screening center's wavelength is λ2Synchronizable optical sync2.
Control module is configured with described duplexing QKD system, to control QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R to send out respectively
Send the synchronizable optical sync1 and sync2 that wavelength is different；Meanwhile the synchronizable optical of Alice transmissions is correspond to, control module also control
The signal which kind of discriminator QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Bob respectively detects is as synchronizing signal.
Specific implementation is as follows：On link between QKD equipment _ L Alice and QKD equipment _ R Bob, control module
Scheduling QKD equipment _ L Alice uses synchronous light laser 1, a length of λ of send wave1Synchronizable optical sync1；Then in QKD equipment _ R
Bob ends, flashlight is isolated by first order optical filter part, then synchronizable optical sync1 is isolated by second level optical filter part.
Dispatched through control module, the signal that discriminator 1 is detected is as synchronizing signal.
Accordingly, on the link between QKD equipment _ R Alice and QKD equipment _ L Bob, control module scheduling
QKD equipment _ R Alice uses synchronous light laser 2, a length of λ of send wave2Synchronizable optical sync2；Then QKD equipment _ L's
Bob ends, flashlight is isolated by first order optical filter part, then synchronizable optical sync2 is isolated by second level optical filter part.Through
Control module is dispatched, and the signal that discriminator 2 is detected is as synchronizing signal.
It is using the benefit of control module, when a certain QKD links are when synchronously going wrong, such as the QKD links
Synchronous light laser or discriminator occur it is abnormal, then can be by control module easily to the synchronization in the QKD equipment of both ends
Light laser and discriminator are scheduled switching, full duplex QKD system is remained to normal work.If for example, QKD equipment _ L
The operation irregularity of synchronous light laser 1 that Alice is used, then control module scheduling QKD equipment _ L Alice use synchronous ray laser
Device 2, the signal that scheduling QKD equipment _ R Bob detects discriminator 2 is as synchronizing signal；Meanwhile control module scheduling QKD
Equipment _ R Alice uses synchronous light laser 1, and scheduling QKD equipment _ L Bob is using the signal that discriminator 1 detects as same
Walk signal.
Option2 (wavelength for the synchronizable optical that Alice is sent is by initial configuration)：
QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Alice is each equipped with two synchronous light lasers --- synchronous light laser 1
With synchronous light laser 2.Synchronous light laser 1 regularly sends synchronizable optical sync1, wavelength λ1；Synchronous light laser 2 is fixed
Ground sends synchronizable optical sync2, wavelength λ2, and λ1≠λ2。
QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Bob is each equipped with two-stage optical filter part, and first order optical filter part can divide
Flashlight is separated out, second level optical filter part may separate out two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, as shown in Figure 3.Second level light filter
Wave device by the two-way synchronizable optical isolated be respectively fed to corresponding among discriminator, the regularly screening center's wavelength of discriminator 1
For λ1Synchronizable optical sync1, regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 22Synchronizable optical sync2.
After system initial configuration, QKD equipment _ L sends synchronizable optical sync1 using synchronous light laser 1, and by discriminator
2 signals detected are as synchronizing signal；QKD equipment _ R sends synchronizable optical sync2 using synchronous light laser 2, and will screen
The signal that device 1 detects is as synchronizing signal.
When a certain QKD links are when synchronously going wrong, such as synchronous light laser or discriminator for the QKD links
There is exception, then can be by modes such as system re-initializations, to the synchronous light laser and discriminator in the QKD equipment of both ends
Switching is scheduled, full duplex QKD system is remained to normal work.If for example, synchronizable optical that QKD equipment _ L Alice is used
The operation irregularity of laser 1, then re-start initialization to duplexing QKD system, in initial configuration, configuration QKD equipment _ L's
Alice uses synchronous light laser 2, and the signal that configuration QKD equipment _ R Bob detects discriminator 2 is as synchronizing signal；Together
When, configuration QKD equipment _ R Alice use synchronous light laser 1, configures what QKD equipment _ L Bob detected discriminator 1
Signal is as synchronizing signal.
Embodiment two (uses the synchronous light laser of a variable wavelength)
Option1 (wavelength for the synchronizable optical that Alice is sent is determined by control module)：
As shown in fig. 7, QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Alice is using the synchronous ray laser of a Wavelength tunable
Synchronizable optical sync1, wavelength λ can be transmitted in device, the synchronous light laser of the Wavelength tunable1, synchronizable optical sync2, ripple also can be transmitted
A length of λ2, and λ1≠λ2, it sends the wavelength of synchronizable optical and dispatched by control module.QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Bob matches somebody with somebody
Two-stage optical filter part is equipped with, first order optical filter part may separate out flashlight and synchronizable optical, and second level optical filter part can
The synchronizable optical of different wave length is isolated, as shown in Figure 3.By the two-way synchronizable optical isolated be respectively fed to corresponding to discriminator it
In, it is λ that discriminator 1, which regularly screens wavelength,1Synchronizable optical sync1, it is λ that discriminator 2, which regularly screens wavelength,2Synchronizable optical
sync2。
Control module is configured with described duplexing QKD system, to control QKD equipment _ L Alice and QKD equipment _ R
Alice send different the synchronizable optical sync1 and sync2 of wavelength respectively.Meanwhile the synchronizable optical of Alice transmissions is correspond to, control
The Bob that module also control QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R believes using the signal which kind of discriminator detects as synchronous respectively
Number.
Specific implementation is as follows：On link between QKD equipment _ L Alice and QKD equipment _ R Bob, control module
The Alice for dispatching QKD equipment _ L uses the synchronous light laser of Wavelength tunable, a length of λ of send wave1Synchronizable optical sync1；Then exist
QKD equipment _ R Bob ends, flashlight is isolated by first order optical filter part, then isolated together by second level optical filter part
Walk light sync1.Dispatched through control module, the signal that discriminator 1 is detected is as synchronizing signal.
Accordingly, on the link between QKD equipment _ R Alice and QKD equipment _ L Bob, control module scheduling
QKD equipment _ R Alice uses the synchronous light laser of Wavelength tunable, a length of λ of send wave2Synchronizable optical sync2；Then in QKD
Equipment _ L Bob ends, flashlight is isolated by first order optical filter part, then synchronizable optical is isolated by second level optical filter part
sync2.Dispatched through control module, the signal that discriminator 2 is detected is as synchronizing signal.
Option2 (wavelength for the synchronizable optical that Alice is sent is by initial configuration)：
For QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Alice using the synchronous light laser of a Wavelength tunable, the wavelength can
Synchronizable optical sync1, wavelength λ can be transmitted in the synchronous light laser of tune1, synchronizable optical sync2, wavelength λ also can be transmitted2, and λ1≠
λ2。
QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Bob is each equipped with two-stage optical filter part, and first order optical filter part can divide
Flashlight and synchronizable optical are separated out, second level optical filter part may separate out the synchronizable optical of two kinds of different wave lengths, as shown in Figure 3.Will
The two-way synchronizable optical isolated is respectively fed among corresponding discriminator, and regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 11It is same
Light sync1 is walked, regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 22Synchronizable optical sync2.
In system initial configuration, QKD equipment _ a length of λ of L send waves can configure1Synchronizable optical sync1, and by discriminator 2
The signal detected is as synchronizing signal；Configure QKD equipment _ a length of λ of R send waves2Synchronizable optical sync2, and discriminator 1 is visited
The signal measured is as synchronizing signal.
Embodiment three (system both ends are respectively using the synchronous light laser of a different wave length)
As shown in figure 8, QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R is respectively using the synchronous light laser of a different wave length, it is synchronous
The regularly a length of λ of send wave of light laser 11Synchronizable optical sync1, the synchronous light laser 2 regularly a length of λ of send wave2Synchronization
Light sync2, and λ1≠λ2.QKD equipment _ L and QKD equipment _ R Bob uses one-level optical filter part, to isolate signal
Light and synchronizable optical.Synchronizable optical after separation is sent into discriminator, and regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 11Synchronizable optical
Sync1, regularly screening center's wavelength is λ to discriminator 22Synchronizable optical sync2.
Specific implementation is as follows：On link between QKD equipment _ L Alice and QKD equipment _ R Bob, QKD equipment _ L
Alice use synchronous light laser 1, the regularly a length of λ of send wave1Synchronizable optical sync1, then in QKD equipment _ R Bob
End, after isolating synchronizable optical through one-level optical filter part, it is λ to carry out screening center's wavelength using discriminator 11Synchronizable optical
sync1.Accordingly, on the link between QKD equipment _ R Alice and QKD equipment _ L Bob, QKD equipment _ R's
Alice uses synchronous light laser 2, regularly a length of λ of send wave2Synchronizable optical sync2, then at QKD equipment _ L Bob ends,
After isolating synchronizable optical through one-level optical filter part, it is λ to carry out screening center's wavelength using discriminator 22Synchronizable optical sync2.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the synchronous method Scene two of the present invention.The system using this method shown in Fig. 9
A simply typical case, not unique situation.QKD equipment _ L Bob ends and QKD equipment _ R is eliminated in Fig. 9
Alice ends, only embody the mistake of unidirectional synchronizable optical of Bob end transmission of the QKD equipment _ L Alice ends to QKD equipment _ R
Journey；The process that QKD equipment _ R Alice sends synchronizable optical to QKD equipment _ L Bob is same.
Flashlight shown in scene two is transmitted using two fiber links respectively with synchronizable optical, is equally applicable in the present invention
Embodiment one, two, three described in several situations.
The preferred embodiment of the invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention creation, it is all at this
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principle of innovation and creation etc., should be included in the invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of synchronous method of quantum key distribution system, the quantum key distribution system is duplexing QKD system, and its feature exists
In：The Alice of duplexing QKD system both ends QKD equipment can send two kinds of different synchronizable opticals of wavelength, the synchronizable optical of transmission respectively
Transmitted in same fiber link, when making in fiber link while running two QKD links, the synchronous light wave in both links
Long different, the Bob of both ends QKD equipment is screened using corresponding discriminator to synchronizable optical；
The synchronous method specifically includes：The same of two different wave lengths is provided with the Alice of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
Light laser is walked, the synchronizable optical of transmission is sent to the Bob of corresponding QKD equipment, and QKD system two in same fiber link
The Bob of the QKD equipment at end is each equipped with optical filter part, optical filter part by the synchronizable optical isolated be sent into corresponding to discriminator
Among screened, after system initial configuration, one of QKD equipment is using one of them synchronous light laser send wave length
For λ1Synchronizable optical sync1, and using the signal that a corresponding discriminator detects as synchronizing signal, another QKD equipment
Using a synchronous a length of λ of light laser send wave2Synchronizable optical sync2, and the letter that a corresponding discriminator is detected
Number it is used as synchronizing signal.
2. a kind of sychronisation of quantum key distribution system, the quantum key distribution system is duplexing QKD system, and its feature exists
In：The synchronous light laser of Alice including the QKD equipment that is arranged respectively at QKD system both ends, the QKD at QKD system both ends are set
Standby synchronous light laser can send the synchronizable optical of two kinds of different wave lengths respectively, and the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
Bob is each equipped with discriminator, and synchronizable optical is screened using corresponding discriminator；The QKD equipment at QKD system both ends
Alice synchronous light laser has two, and two synchronous light lasers can send different wavelength, and QKD system two
The Bob of the QKD equipment at end be each equipped with optical filter part and two kinds be able to screen synchronous light laser is sent two kinds not
The discriminator of co-wavelength, optical filter part will be screened among discriminator corresponding to the synchronizable optical isolated feeding；
The synchronous light laser of the QKD equipment at QKD system both ends sends the synchronizable optical of any wavelength and the QKD equipment at both ends
Bob respectively using the signal which kind of discriminator detects as synchronizing signal, determined through system initial configuration.
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| CN106411521B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2020-02-18 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Identity authentication method, device and system for quantum key distribution process |
| CN106470101B (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2020-03-10 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Identity authentication method, device and system for quantum key distribution process |
| CN107733638B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2024-02-02 | 上海国盾量子信息技术有限公司 | Duplex quantum key distribution system and synchronization method |
| CN107733637B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2024-02-09 | 上海国盾量子信息技术有限公司 | Quantum key distribution device used in duplex quantum key distribution system |
| CN106161010B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2023-06-20 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | High-bit-rate point-to-point QKD system, transmitting end, receiving end and QKD method |
| CN108206716B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2020-11-17 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Synchronization method and device applied to quantum key distribution system and distribution system |
| CN110546915B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2022-10-04 | 约翰内斯堡金山大学 | Method and system for hybrid classical quantum communication |
| GB2548493B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-03-28 | Quantum Base Ltd | Optical reading of a security element |
| CN114268421B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2024-04-19 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | Method for transmitting synchronous signal of single-fiber QKD system |
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| CN107947926B (en) | 2021-07-30 |
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