CN107942034A - For testing the device and test method of soil covering collapsible - Google Patents

For testing the device and test method of soil covering collapsible Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107942034A
CN107942034A CN201711081462.0A CN201711081462A CN107942034A CN 107942034 A CN107942034 A CN 107942034A CN 201711081462 A CN201711081462 A CN 201711081462A CN 107942034 A CN107942034 A CN 107942034A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
test
soil
loading
loading plate
feeler lever
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Pending
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CN201711081462.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李伟
汪岩松
禹峰
黄兴怀
胡孔飞
汪志涛
张炜
杨峰
张明瑞
龚郴彬
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China Energy Engineering Group Anhui Electric Power Design Institute Co Ltd
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China Energy Engineering Group Anhui Electric Power Design Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201711081462.0A priority Critical patent/CN107942034A/en
Publication of CN107942034A publication Critical patent/CN107942034A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24Earth materials

Abstract

The present invention relates to test soil covering collapsible field, and in particular to for testing the device and test method of soil covering collapsible.For testing the device of soil covering collapsible, including loading plate, loading cell, with heavy load and small power feeler inspection, loading cell includes being used for the base being seated in above loading plate and the load carrying platform being fixed on base, it is connected between base and load carrying platform by the stent erected, base is equipped with the through hole passed through for dynamic sounding, the corresponding position of loading plate is equipped with the circular hole passed through for dynamic sounding, the moving contact of dynamic sounding sequentially passes through through hole, circular hole rear overhang is stretched outside the lower section of loading plate, the feeler lever of dynamic sounding overhangs in the top of loading plate, feeler lever can be freely movable in circular hole, length scale unit is provided with the body of rod of the feeler lever, pointer is fixed with the base, the syringe needle of pointer is directed toward length scale unit.Realize foundation soil in-situ test, realize in remote territory, carry out the test of soil collapsibility freely, also improve the work efficiency of test.

Description

For testing the device and test method of soil covering collapsible
Technical field
The present invention relates to test soil covering collapsible field, and in particular to for testing the device and test method of soil covering collapsible.
Background technology
Collapsible soil is widely distributed in China, in addition to common collapsible loess, in arid and semi-arid lands of China, Especially Xinjiang region, is distributed with substantial amounts of collapsible soil, and collapsibility rubble is commonly encountered in flood, talus fan particularly in front of the mountains Soil, collapsibility sand etc..The engineering construction of Xinjiang region becomes increasingly abundant, and the test and analysis to collapsible soil are more compeled in eyebrow Eyelash.The survey Evaluation of the collapsibility scholar of this kind of non-loess first has to determine whether with collapsibility, since this kind of soil cannot be such as Huang It is native like that with indoor immersion compression test, therefore, select which type of live in-situ test evaluate and test the collapsibility of soil just into Important problem.
Traditional ponding loading test, since equipment is complicated, machinery is heavy, and in Xinjiang, so scarcely populated traffic is very poor Under conditions of, testing equipment not position when many, the in-situ test for being used to test the collapsibility of soil certainly is also just opened Exhibition is not known clearly;The especially scientific research in engineering and preliminary design stage.If being judged by accident to the collapsibility on stratum along the line, engineering may be given Scheme and budgetary estimate cause to be difficult to the influence underestimated.
Can see from above-mentioned discussion, borderland remote districts carry out test soil collapsibility in-situ test exist with Lower limitation and shortcoming:1) limited by transportation condition, some vehicles are difficult to place in place, and test job can not carried out;2) The counterweight of load test is difficult in place;3) the man-machine material of test consuming is more, and testing cost is larger.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be readily transported, the low device for being used to test soil covering collapsible of cost.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:A kind of device for being used to test soil covering collapsible, Include including loading plate, loading cell, with heavy load and small power feeler inspection, the loading cell for being seated in carrying Base and the load carrying platform being fixed on base above plate, are connected between base and load carrying platform by the stent erected, institute The base stated is equipped with the through hole passed through for dynamic sounding, and the corresponding position of loading plate is equipped with the circle passed through for dynamic sounding Hole, the moving contact of dynamic sounding sequentially passes through through hole, circular hole rear overhang is stretched outside the lower section of loading plate, and the feeler lever of dynamic sounding overhangs In the top of loading plate, feeler lever can be freely movable in circular hole, and length scale unit is provided with the body of rod of the feeler lever, Pointer is fixed with the base, the syringe needle of pointer is directed toward length scale unit.
Since using above technical scheme, the volume of loading plate and loading cell is all smaller, easy for installation, easy to take Band.Small power feeler inspection is also that work is commonly used in engineering survey, and transport is got up very convenient, can be gathered materials on the spot with heavy load, real Existing foundation soil in-situ test, realizes in remote territory, carries out the test of soil collapsibility freely, can also improve test Work efficiency, finally makes engineering construction obtain optimal economy, society and environmental benefit.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of high certainty of measurement, and testing efficiency is high, easy to operate soil covering collapsible Test method.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:A kind of device for being used to test soil covering collapsible Test method, comprises the following steps:
A, foundation trench A is excavated, the depth of foundation trench A is the required soil layer position tested, and foundation trench A width is more than the 3 of loading plate Times;
B, continuous dynamic spy is carried out at the middle part of foundation trench A using small power feeler inspection, moving contact is loose, slightly close through top layer Layer of sand, the close layer of sand certain depth in, at this moment moving contact be located in the preferable stratum of more stable density, remove dynamic sounding Hammering end component, only stay feeler lever exposure in earth's surface;
C, the sand around artificial levelling feeler lever, then smoothly puts bearing plate, then loading cell is placed on pressure-bearing The top of plate, therefore, to assure that feeler lever freely overhangs after passing through through hole;
D, the soil of standard weights is taken as heavy load is matched somebody with somebody using sack dress on the spot, then successive loading to submurged pressure p; After every grade of loading, in continuous 2h, when the deflection per 1h is less than 0.10mm, it is believed that bearing plate, which sinks, has become stable, you can under adding First class pressure;
E, maintain submurged pressure p and be uniformly filled to saturation into foundation trench A, after bearing plate sinks and stablizes, experiment is eventually Only, read additional saturated yielding amount Δ Fs from length scale unit, Δ Fs be reading in immersion anterior-posterior length scale unit it Difference;
F, judge whether stratum to be measured has collapsibility, and the journey of collapsibility according to the size of Δ Fs numerical value, analysis Degree.
Due to that using above technical scheme, can gather materials on the spot with heavy load, progress soil in-situ test can be calibrated True measurement immersion Compression Settlement amount, measurement accuracy higher.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
It is a kind of to be used to testing the device of soil covering collapsible, including loading plate 10, loading cell 30, with heavy load 40 and miniature Dynamic sounding 20, the loading cell 30 include the base 31 for being seated in the top of loading plate 10 and are fixed on base 31 On load carrying platform 32, be connected between base 31 and load carrying platform 32 by the stent 33 that erects, the base 31 is equipped with The through hole 311 passed through for small power feeler inspection 20, the corresponding position of loading plate 10 are equipped with what is passed through for small power feeler inspection 20 Circular hole 11, the moving contact 21 of small power feeler inspection 20 sequentially passes through through hole 311,11 rear overhang of circular hole is stretched outside the lower section of loading plate 10, The feeler lever 22 of small power feeler inspection 20 overhangs can be freely movable in circular hole 11 in the top of loading plate 10, feeler lever 22, described Feeler lever 22 the body of rod on be provided with length scale unit 23, pointer 50, the syringe needle of pointer 50 are fixed with the base 31 It is directed toward length scale unit 23.
The volume of loading plate 10 and loading cell 30 is all smaller, easy for installation, easy to carry.Small power feeler inspection 20 And work is commonly used in engineering survey, transport is got up very convenient, can be gathered materials on the spot with heavy load 40, preferably using on the spot The soil of materials, matches somebody with somebody heavy soil with knitting bagged standard weights, thus saves the transport with heavy load 40, realize foundation soil In-situ test, realizes and carries out the test of soil collapsibility freely in remote territory, can also improve the work efficiency of test, It is final engineering construction is obtained optimal economy, society and environmental benefit.
The length scale unit 23 is the casing being set on 22 body of rod of feeler lever, and length quarter is provided with the casing Degree.Casing can use the graded tube of plastics or rubber material, graded tube is directly sleeved on the body of rod of feeler lever 22.
Described matches somebody with somebody heavy soil with heavy load 10 for packed standard weights, should be with heavy soil using the soil gathered materials on the spot. The soil periphery tested is needed, earth is fetched earth as counterweight element by the use of knitting bagged, as being needed per the packed weight with heavy soil, Dress take more bags of standard weights with heavy soil for using.It will put back after the completion of experiment with heavy soil.Used in the present invention Gather materials on the spot with heavy load 10, save transport process, reduce the transport difficulty of device, realize foundation soil in-situ test, improve Test accuracy.
The circular hole 11 is located at the center position of bearing plate 10.
A kind of test method for being used to test the device of soil covering collapsible with claim 1, comprises the following steps:
A, foundation trench A is excavated, the depth of foundation trench A is the required soil layer position tested, and foundation trench A width is more than loading plate 10 3 times of width;
B, carried out using small power feeler inspection 20 at the middle part of foundation trench A it is continuous dynamic visit, moving contact 21 through top layer it is loose, Slightly close layer of sand, the close layer of sand certain depth in, at this moment moving contact 21 be located in the preferable stratum of more stable density, remove dynamic The hammering end component of power feeler inspection, only stays 22 exposure of feeler lever in earth's surface;
C, the sand around artificial levelling feeler lever 22, then steadily puts bearing plate 10, then loading cell 30 is placed and is held The top of pressing plate 10, therefore, to assure that feeler lever 22 freely overhangs after passing through through hole 311;
D, the soil of standard weights is taken as heavy load 40 is matched somebody with somebody using sack dress on the spot, then successive loading to submurged pressure p;After every grade of loading, in continuous 2h, when the deflection per 1h is less than 0.10mm, it is believed that bearing plate 10 sinks to having become stable, you can Add next stage pressure;
E, maintain submurged pressure p and be uniformly filled to saturation into foundation trench A, after bearing plate 10 sinks and stablizes, experiment is eventually Only, additional saturated yielding amount Δ Fs is read from length scale unit 23, Δ Fs is the reading in immersion anterior-posterior length scale unit 23 Difference;
F, judge whether stratum to be measured has collapsibility, and the journey of collapsibility according to the size of Δ Fs numerical value, analysis Degree.
In step d, add after once matching somebody with somebody heavy load, surveyed at interval of 15min and read a deflection, it is continuous to observe 4-5 times, it Observed 1 time every 30min afterwards, when in continuous 2h, when the deflection per 1h is less than 0.10mm, next stage pressure can be added.
The entrance of moving contact 21 is dynamic penetration resistance >=5MPa compared with the termination criteria of dense sand stratum in step b.
The present invention is described in detail with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2,
Foundation trench A is excavated, depth is to require the soil layer position of test, and foundation trench A sizes are 1m × 1m, and foundation trench A width is unsuitable small In 3 times of 10 width of bearing plate.
Utilize small power feeler inspection 20, the mechanical characteristic of the understanding following foundation soils of foundation trench A;The spy of small power feeler inspection 20 First 21 diameter 25mm, 60 degree of cone angle, the quality 4kg of hammer, falls away from 50cm.In the continuous dynamic sounding in foundation trench A centers, through top layer Loosely-slightly close layer of sand, the close layer of sand certain depth in, at this moment moves and visits probe 21 and be located in the preferable stratum of more stable density, Remove the hammering end component of small power feeler inspection 20, only stay feeler lever 22 to be revealed in earth's surface.According to substantial amounts of test data and engineering Experience, the dynamic spy that the termination criteria into Extra-fine sand is 10cm are hit several N >=25 and are hit, and substantially meet dynamic penetration resistance >=5MPa's It is required that.At this time it is considered that coming into compared with dense sand stratum sand-layer foundation bearing capacity fak >=180kPa, compression modulus >= 12MPa。
Then, artificial levelling 22 surrounding sand of feeler lever, smoothly puts bearing plate 10,10 size 200mm* of bearing plate The circular hole 11 of aperture 20mm is reserved at 200mm, thickness 20mm, 10 center of bearing plate.Again by load load carrying platform 30, stent 33, bottom The loading cell 30 of the composition of seat 31 is placed in the top of bearing plate 10, and keeps vertical, and wherein 31 size 200mm*200mm of base is thick Spend 20mm, the aperture 20mm of center reserved through hole 311.
Then, successive loading takes 200kPa to submurged pressure p, after every grade of loading, is respectively surveyed by interval 15,15,15,15min A deflection is read, is to be observed 1 time every 30min later, when in continuous 2h, when the deflection per 1h is less than 0.10mm, it is believed that Pressing plate, which sinks, has become stable, you can adds next stage pressure.Maintain submurged pressure p and saturation is uniformly filled into foundation trench, add Sink after stablizing, experiment terminates.Additional saturated yielding amount Δ Fs is read from scale casing.
Method on reading reading from scale casing:Some scale label of the loading direction scale casing of prior pointer 50, reads Number S0, pressurization has a reading after stablizing every time later, is S respectivelyi, the difference of reading is to be acted in submurged pressure before and after immersion Additional saturated yielding amount Δ Fs caused by lower.According to the size of Δ Fs numerical value, analysis judges whether stratum to be measured has collapsibility, And the degree of collapsibility;Total collapse Δ s of the collapsible soil ground by water-soaked untill sinking and stablizing is calculated, and accordingly Analysis judges the saturated yielding degree of the ground.
Wherein saturated yielding degree is mainly divided by the size of coefficient of collapsibility, and is based on《Collapsible Loess District building rule Model》Theoretical and requirement, develops saturated yielding degree classification chart as shown in Table 1 in GB50025:
Table 1:Saturated yielding degree is classified based on plate size 200mm*200mm
Saturated yielding degree Additional saturated yielding amount Δ Fscm
Slightly 0.5 < Δs Fs≤0.9
It is medium 0.9 < Δs Fs≤2.1
Strongly Δ Fs > 2.1
Wherein collapsible soil immersion total collapse Δ s continues to use existing modular formula:Δ s=∑ β Δs FsihiCalculate, then According to Δ s values, related specifications are searched, differentiate damp sink of foundation degree.Wherein β is correction factor, for the device in the present invention and Feature, takes β=0.05cm-1。ΔFsiTo test the additional saturated yielding amount measured, hiFor experimental test soil thickness.
Embodiment:
In a certain remote site, according to dynamic penetration test achievement, stratum is divided into 3 big layers, is respectively:1. layer flour sand 0~ 0.6m, dynamic spy hit several N=2~4 and hit/10cm;2. 0.6~2.5m of layer flour sand, dynamic spy hit several N=11~15 and hit/10cm;3. layer 2.5~6.0m of Extra-fine sand, dynamic spy hit several N >=25 and hit/10cm.Dynamic sounding probe enters 3. layer Extra-fine sand certain depth.Respectively Two adjacent foundation trenches are excavated, ponding loading test is carried out at 0.1m and 1.0m below earth's surface respectively, repeats the above steps respectively A~f.It is respectively Δ Fs that experiment twice, which obtains additional saturated yielding amount,1=1.7cm and Δ Fs2=0.6cm, according to table 1, it can be determined that Go out 1. layer flour sand and have medium collapsibility, 2. layer flour sand has slight collapsibility.According to modular formula Δ s=∑ β Δs Fsihi, wherein β =0.05cm- 1,, h1=0.5m, h2=1.9m, calculates ground total collapse Δ s=0.0825m=8.25cm, looks into related rule Model, it is known that the saturated yielding grade of the ground is II grade.

Claims (7)

  1. A kind of 1. device for being used to test soil covering collapsible, it is characterised in that:Including loading plate (10), loading cell (30), counterweight Load (40) and small power feeler inspection (20), the loading cell (30) include being used to be seated in the bottom above loading plate (10) Seat (31) and the load carrying platform (32) being fixed on base (31), the branch between base (31) and load carrying platform (32) by erecting Frame (33) is connected, and the base (31) is equipped with the through hole (311) passed through for small power feeler inspection (20), loading plate (10) Corresponding position is equipped with the circular hole (11) passed through for small power feeler inspection (20), the moving contact (21) of small power feeler inspection (20) according to The secondary lower section that loading plate (10) are stretched outside through through hole (311), circular hole (11) rear overhang, the feeler lever (22) of small power feeler inspection (20) are outstanding The top of loading plate (10) is stretched outside, feeler lever (22) can be freely movable in circular hole (11), is set on the body of rod of the feeler lever (22) Length scale unit (23) is equipped with, pointer (50) is fixed with the base (31), the syringe needle of pointer (50) is directed toward length and carves Spend unit (23).
  2. 2. the device according to claim 1 for being used to test soil covering collapsible, it is characterised in that:The length scale unit (23) to be set in the casing on feeler lever (22) body of rod, length scale is provided with the casing.
  3. 3. the device according to claim 2 for being used to test soil covering collapsible, it is characterised in that:Described matches somebody with somebody heavy load (40) Match somebody with somebody heavy soil for packed standard weights, should be with heavy soil using the soil gathered materials on the spot.
  4. 4. the device according to claim 3 for being used to test soil covering collapsible, it is characterised in that:The circular hole (11) is located at The center position of bearing plate (10).
  5. A kind of 5. test method for being used to test the device of soil covering collapsible with claim 1, it is characterised in that:Including following step Suddenly:
    A, foundation trench A is excavated, the depth of foundation trench A is the required soil layer position tested, and foundation trench A width is more than the 3 of loading plate (10) Times;
    B, using small power feeler inspection (20) top layer is passed through in the continuous dynamic spy of the middle part of foundation trench A progress, moving contact (21) loosely, slightly Close layer of sand, the close layer of sand certain depth in, at this moment moving contact (21) be located in the preferable stratum of more stable density, remove power The hammering end component of feeler inspection, only stays feeler lever (22) exposure in earth's surface;
    C, the sand around artificial levelling feeler lever (22), then smoothly puts bearing plate (10), then loading cell (30) is put Put in the top of bearing plate (10), therefore, to assure that feeler lever (22) freely overhangs afterwards through through hole (311);
    D, the soil of standard weights is taken as heavy load (40) is matched somebody with somebody using sack dress on the spot, then successive loading to submurged pressure p;Often After level loading, in continuous 2h, when the deflection per 1h is less than 0.10mm, it is believed that bearing plate (10), which sinks, has become stable, you can adds Next stage pressure;
    E, maintain submurged pressure p and be uniformly filled to saturation into foundation trench A, after bearing plate (10) sinks and stablizes, experiment terminates, Additional saturated yielding amount Δ Fs is read from length scale unit (23), Δ Fs is the reading in immersion anterior-posterior length scale unit (23) Difference;
    F, judge whether stratum to be measured has collapsibility, and the degree of collapsibility according to the size of Δ Fs numerical value, analysis.
  6. 6. the test method of the device according to claim 5 for being used to test soil covering collapsible, it is characterised in that:In step d, Add after once matching somebody with somebody heavy load, surveyed at interval of 15min and read a deflection, it is continuous to observe 4-5 times, afterwards 1 is observed every 30min It is secondary, when in continuous 2h, when the deflection per 1h is less than 0.10mm, next stage pressure can be added.
  7. 7. the test method of the device according to claim 6 for being used to test soil covering collapsible, it is characterised in that:In step b Moving contact (21) entrance is dynamic penetration resistance >=5MPa compared with the termination criteria of dense sand stratum.
CN201711081462.0A 2017-11-07 2017-11-07 For testing the device and test method of soil covering collapsible Pending CN107942034A (en)

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