CN107843496A - A kind of assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient - Google Patents
A kind of assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN107843496A CN107843496A CN201710946648.1A CN201710946648A CN107843496A CN 107843496 A CN107843496 A CN 107843496A CN 201710946648 A CN201710946648 A CN 201710946648A CN 107843496 A CN107843496 A CN 107843496A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/303—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated only by free-falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0039—Hammer or pendulum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient, tectonic soft coal is chosen first, and records its buried depth, according to national standard《The solid coefficient assay method (GB/T23561.12 2010) of coal》Determine its solid coefficient f1, tectonic soft coal is pressed into moulded coal according to different pressures suffered by the buried depth of coal seam, dwell time t, then determines moulded coal uniaxial compressive strength, and the solid coefficient f of moulded coal is calculated with this2If f1=f2, then now the dwell time is t0If f1≠f2, then dwell time t is increasedd or decreased, repeats above step until f1=f2, then now the dwell time is t0, when being finally measured to the coal body solid coefficients of same other buried depths of mining area, tectonic soft coal is pressed into moulded coal, wherein its buried depth is calculated according to pressure, dwell time t0, the uniaxial compressive strength of moulded coal is determined, the solid coefficient of the tectonic soft coal is extrapolated according to solid coefficient and uniaxial compressive strength relation.This method is simple and convenient, measurement result tallies with the actual situation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solid coefficient assay method of coal, and in particular to a kind of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient
Assay method, belong to mineral engineering field.
Background technology
In order to study coal seam geological condition, to be preferably that mining is serviced, it is necessary to join to the mechanics of coal body
Number is measured.The resistance external force damage capability of coal is evaluated with solid coefficient (also known as Protodyakonov coefficient) f of coal in current China.
Typically using drop weight method measure f values.Drop weight method think broken the consumed work(of coal and the increased surface area of broken material institute into
The related constant of direct ratio, object strength or robustness is relevant with reduction ratio, and the robustness of object can be represented with reduction ratio；According to
National standard《The solid coefficient assay method (GB/T23561.12-2010) of coal》, it is necessary to smash to pieces when testing the solid coefficient of coal
Bucket, a variety of instrument and equipments such as hopper, sub-sieve, hand hammer, by making weight in certain altitude free-falling, being rushed to sample
Hit, then according to lower coal powder metering height l is sieved after number of shocks n and impact specimen, f values are calculated with formula f=20n/l；Together
When, the viewpoint that the general Rothau season subfamily Nuo Fu professors of the former Russian scholar propose according to practice thinks：The solid coefficient f of coal or rock
Numerical value be rock or soil uniaxial compressive strength (unit MPa) 1/10；The viewpoint has obtained a large amount of field practices
Checking, there is preferable Engineering Guidance meaning, and it is convenient accurate, it is widely used in Geotechnical Engineering field.
In field practice, in the research to ocurrence of coal seam state and coal properties, it is often necessary to the difference in same mining area
Exploiting field multiple repairing weld, the solid coefficient f of coal is determined respectively：
If using drop weight method, because sample is more, duplication of labour amount is big, and testing procedure is more, the testing time is longer,
Technique is cumbersome, it is difficult to meets convenience requirement；
And during by using determining its uniaxial compressive strength to calculate the solid coefficient of coal, because coal seam is in tectonic stress
Lower produce is acted on strata pressure to strain, and makes Coal Pore Structure that different degrees of destruction occur, the intensity of coal is relatively low, wherein constructing soft
Coal is Coal Pore Structure by the higher one kind of tectonic stress destructiveness is loose, coal body of particle, and its intensity is extremely low, obtains international
Standard specimen size as defined in rock mechanics association (Φ × H=50mm × 100mm) yield rate is extremely low, and it is strong to test its uniaxial compressive
Degree is more difficult, therefore can not directly set up contacting for tectonic soft coal uniaxial compressive strength and cherry coal solid coefficient.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient, this method passes through measurement type
The uniaxial compressive strength of coal calculates the solid coefficient of tectonic soft coal, can simplify measuring process, is easy to engineering analogy to promote.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of measure of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient
Method, comprise the following steps：
(1) selection of tectonic soft coal：In coal seam one at choose tectonic soft coal coal sample, while record this and take coal place
Buried depth H；
(2) coal sample solid coefficient f1Measure：The coal sample that step (1) is obtained, according to national standard《The solid coefficient of coal is surveyed
Determine method (GB/T23561.12-2010)》Determine its solid coefficient f1；
(3) making of tectonic soft coal moulded coal：
A, the briquetting pressure of corresponding standard round column dimension sample, standard cylinder sample chi are calculated using briquetting pressure formula
Very little D × h=50mm × 100mm, briquetting pressure formula are：P=π r2γ H, wherein D are standard round column dimension diameter, and h is mark
Director circle column dimension height, r is standard round column dimension radius, and γ is Strata Overlying The Seam unit weight, and H is the coal sample buried depth；
B, the briquetting pressure P calculated with above-mentioned steps, the broken coal sample obtained in step (1), which is pressed into, to be had
The moulded coal of standard cylinder sample dimensions, dwell time t；
C, moulded coal is dried；
(4) moulded coal solid coefficient f2Measure：Test the uniaxial compressive strength according to the moulded coal test specimen made in step (3)
P0, and calculate according to the relation between uniaxial compressive strength and solid coefficient the solid coefficient f2 of moulded coal；
(5) coal sample solid coefficient f is contrasted1And moulded coal solid coefficient f2, determine dwell time t0：
If f1=f2, it was demonstrated that above-mentioned steps (3) moulded coal makes that dwell time t is suitable, and parameter is accurate, and moulded coal robustness can be with
Reflect tectonic soft coal robustness；
If f1>f2, then repeat step (3) and dwell time t is increased, then repeat step (4) to step (5), until measuring and calculating
As a result f1=f2, moulded coal test specimen robustness reflection tectonic soft coal robustness, the dwell time t after now being adjusted in above-mentioned steps (3)
For t0；
If f1<f2, then repeat step (3) and dwell time t is reduced, then repeat step (4) to step (5), until measuring and calculating
As a result f1=f2, moulded coal test specimen robustness reflection tectonic soft coal robustness, the dwell time t after now being adjusted in above-mentioned steps (3)
For t0；
(6) determination of other buried depth coal body solid coefficients of same mining area：It is firm to measure the other buried depth coal bodies in same mining area
During property coefficient, step (1), (3) and (4) is repeated in, the wherein dwell time t in step (3) is the guarantor determined in step (5)
Press time t0, finally give the solid coefficient f of moulded coal2The as solid coefficient of the buried depth coal body.
Preferably, the selection of the dwell time t in the step (3) and adjusting range are 15min~30min.
To prevent molded coal structure from changing, it is preferable that be low temperature drying to moulded coal drying mode in the step (3).
Preferably, for the temperature that the low temperature drying uses for 25 DEG C~50 DEG C, the time is 12h~36h.
In order that the mechanical test value of the tectonic soft coal coal sample obtained is more nearly actual conditions, it is preferable that the step
(1) coal seam in is newly exposed coal seam.
The present invention is when measuring the solid coefficient of multiple test specimens, it is only necessary to using a drop weight method, step and work
Skill is simpler convenient；The method of solid coefficient is calculated relative to the uniaxial compressive strength of direct measurement standard specimen simultaneously
For, the flow with complete coal sample processing and fabricating standard specimen is avoided, difficulty of test is reduced, is easy to engineering analogy to push away
Extensively；Because the moulded coal that tectonic soft coal makes has the advantages that formability thereof strong, fluctuation is small, technique is simple, mechanical property easily determines,
The robustness of tectonic soft coal can be reflected indirectly, therefore the coal body solid coefficient measured according to the present invention is more nearly truly
Value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of tectonic soft coal：In coal seam one at choose tectonic soft coal coal sample, while record this and take coal place
Buried depth H；
(2) coal sample solid coefficient f1Measure：The complete coal sample of lumpiness that step (1) is obtained, according to national standard《The heavily fortified point of coal
Solidity coefficient determination method (GB/T23561.12-2010)》Determine its solid coefficient f1；
(3) making of tectonic soft coal moulded coal：
A, the briquetting pressure of corresponding standard round column dimension sample, standard cylinder sample chi are calculated using briquetting pressure formula
Very little D × h=50mm × 100mm, briquetting pressure formula are：P=π r2γ H, wherein D are standard round column dimension diameter, and h is mark
Director circle column dimension height, r is standard round column dimension radius, and γ is Strata Overlying The Seam unit weight, and H is the coal sample buried depth；
B, the briquetting pressure P calculated with above-mentioned steps, the broken coal sample obtained in step (1), which is pressed into, to be had
The moulded coal of standard cylinder sample dimensions, dwell time t；
C, moulded coal is dried；
(4) moulded coal solid coefficient f2Measure：Test the uniaxial compressive strength according to the moulded coal test specimen made in step (3)
P0, and calculate according to the relation between uniaxial compressive strength and solid coefficient the solid coefficient f of moulded coal2；
(5) coal sample solid coefficient f is contrasted1And moulded coal solid coefficient f2, determine dwell time t0：
If f1=f2, it was demonstrated that above-mentioned steps (3) moulded coal makes dwell time t0Properly, parameter is accurate, and moulded coal robustness can be with
Reflect tectonic soft coal robustness, now the dwell time t in above-mentioned steps (3) is t0；
If f1>f2, then repeat step (3) and dwell time t is increased, then repeat step (4) to step (5), until measuring and calculating
As a result f1=f2, moulded coal test specimen robustness reflection tectonic soft coal robustness, now the dwell time t in above-mentioned steps (3) is t0；
If f1<f2, then repeat step (3) and dwell time t is reduced, then repeat step (4) to step (5), until measuring and calculating
As a result f1=f2, moulded coal test specimen robustness reflection tectonic soft coal robustness, now the dwell time t in above-mentioned steps (3) is t0；
(6) determination of other buried depth coal body solid coefficients of same mining area：It is firm to measure the other buried depth coal bodies in same mining area
During property coefficient, step (1), (3) and (4) is repeated in, the wherein dwell time t in step (3) is the guarantor determined in step (5)
Press time t0, finally give the solid coefficient f of moulded coal2The as solid coefficient of the buried depth coal body.
In practice, it has been found that the dwell time t in step (3) is shorter, the moulded coal suppressed is too soft, frangible, does not reach
Requirement of experiment, and after dwell time t is more than 30min, the briquette strength suppressed is without obvious increase, and dwell time t is in 15min
In the range of~30min, its solid coefficient result finally measured can reach requirement, therefore dwell time t selection and adjustment model
Enclose for 15min~30min, than convenient.
When being dried to moulded coal, the moisture rapid evaporation in moulded coal can be made due to high temperature, and it is easily heated inside moulded coal
Expansion, the type coal texture of ultimately resulting in are changed, and deviate truth, it is preferred that in step (3), moulded coal is used
The mode of low temperature drying is dried.
When being dried to moulded coal, the relatively low drying time of temperature is longer, and temperature height then destructible moulded coal；Drying time is short, meeting
Cause drying incomplete, overlong time then easily makes moulded coal excessively dry, and according to experiment, the drying temperature of use is at 25 DEG C~50 DEG C
Between, the time, the moulded coal effect of making was preferable between 12h~36h.
After coal seam is disclosed for, slow oxidation reaction can be produced with air contact, its chemical constitution is changed, simultaneously
With after the contact with moisture in air and air, its internal physical structure is also constantly changing；And in order that the structure obtained
The mechanical test value for making cherry coal coal sample is more nearly actual conditions, therefore when choosing coal sample, should be selected in newly exposed coal seam
Taking, i.e., the coal seam in step (1) is newly exposed coal seam, because the time in newly exposed coal seam and air contact is shorter, change
It is smaller, so it is more nearly state when coal seam does not expose.
The present invention is when measuring multiple test specimens, it is only necessary to using a drop weight method, avoids substantial amounts of repeated labor
Dynamic, step and technique are simpler convenient；And if directly calculated using the uniaxial compressive strength of measurement standard test specimen firm
Property coefficient, it is necessary to gather complete coal sample at the scene, afterwards by grinding or cutting the methods of be processed into standard specimen, and construct soft
Matchmaker is difficult to take out complete coal sample, therefore is avoided by this method with complete coal come measurement construct cherry coal solid coefficient
Sample makes the flow of standard specimen, reduces difficulty of test, is easy to engineering analogy to promote；The moulded coal tool made due to tectonic soft coal
There is the advantages that kind is formability thereof strong, and fluctuation is small, and technique is simple, and mechanical property easily determines, the heavily fortified point of tectonic soft coal can be reflected indirectly
Solidity, therefore the coal body solid coefficient measured according to the present invention is more nearly actual value.
It is the embodiment according to above-mentioned embodiment below：
Embodiment 1：
(1) selection of tectonic soft coal：Using first colliery as research object, the pit coal layer is tectonic soft coal, is buried in the colliery
Deep 800m exploiting field, choose the tectonic soft coal coal sample in newly exposed coal seam；Record buried depth H=800m；
(2) coal sample solid coefficient f1Measure：The more complete coal sample of lumpiness that selecting step (1) obtains, according to national standard
《The solid coefficient assay method (GB/T23561.12-2010) of coal》Determine its solid coefficient f1=0.4；
(3) making of tectonic soft coal moulded coal：
A, the briquetting pressure of corresponding standard round column dimension sample, briquetting pressure formula are calculated using briquetting pressure formula
For：P=π r2γ H, wherein γ measured values are 25kN/m3, then P=39.25kN；
B, the broken coal sample obtained in step (1) is pressed into standard cylinder sample dimensions (D × h=50mm
× 100mm) moulded coal, the pressure used is 39.25kN, dwell time 20min；
C, drying 36h is carried out to moulded coal under conditions of being 25 DEG C in temperature；
(4) moulded coal solid coefficient f2Measure：It is 4MPa to measure moulded coal uniaxial compressive strength, according to formula f=R/10, its
Middle R is uniaxial compressive strength, calculates moulded coal solid coefficient f2=0.4；
(5) coal sample solid coefficient f is contrasted1And moulded coal solid coefficient f2, find f1=f2, when thus can determine that pressurize
Between t0=20min；
(6) the coal body solid coefficient of the mining area different buried depth is measured：The coal seam that buried depth is 600m is adopted
Sample, repeat step (3), wherein the pressure of compacting moulded coal is 29.4kN, the dwell time is still 20min, and other parameters are constant, pressure
After moulded coal is made, repeat step (4), it is 600m coal seams solid coefficient f '=0.32 finally to measure result buried depth.
To be verified a kind of accuracy of the assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient proposed by the present invention, to step
(6) the coal seam sample of the ore deposit buried depth 600m in, by according to national standard《Solid coefficient assay method (the GB/ of coal
T23561.12-2010)》Its coal seam solid coefficient f is measured again1The ≈ f ' of '=0.30, as a result prove the knot that the present invention measures
Fruit approaches and actual value.
Embodiment 2：
(1) selection of tectonic soft coal：Using second colliery as research object, the pit coal layer is tectonic soft coal, is buried in the colliery
Deep 600m exploiting field, choose the tectonic soft coal coal sample in newly exposed coal seam；Record buried depth H=600m；
(2) coal sample solid coefficient f1Measure：The more complete coal sample of lumpiness that selecting step (1) obtains, according to national standard
《The solid coefficient assay method (GB/T23561.12-2010) of coal》Determine its solid coefficient f1=0.2；
(3) making of tectonic soft coal moulded coal：
A, the briquetting pressure of corresponding standard round column dimension sample, briquetting pressure formula are calculated using briquetting pressure formula
For：P=π r2γ H, wherein γ measured values are 25kN/m3,, then P=29.4kN；
B, the broken coal sample obtained in step (1) is pressed into standard cylinder sample dimensions (D × h=50mm
× 100mm) moulded coal, the pressure used is 29.4kN, dwell time 20min；
C, drying 12h is carried out to moulded coal under conditions of being 50 DEG C in temperature；
(4) moulded coal solid coefficient f2Measure：It is 1.5MPa to measure moulded coal uniaxial compressive strength, according to formula f=R/10,
Wherein R is uniaxial compressive strength, calculates moulded coal solid coefficient f2=0.15；
(5) coal sample solid coefficient f is contrasted1And moulded coal solid coefficient f2, find f1＞ f2, then repeat step (4) to walk
Suddenly (5), wherein will improve the dwell time to 25min, f is as a result measured2=0.2=f1, thereby determine that the colliery makes moulded coal pressurize
Time is 25min；
(6) the coal body solid coefficient of the mining area different buried depth is measured：The coal seam that buried depth is 1000m is adopted
Sample, repeat step (3), wherein the pressure of compacting moulded coal is 49kN, the dwell time is still 25min, and other parameters are constant, compacting
After shaped coal, repeat step (4), it is 1000m coal seams solid coefficient f '=0.5 finally to measure result buried depth, i.e. the colliery is buried
Deep 1000m coal seam solid coefficient is 0.5.
It is right to be verified a kind of accuracy of the assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient proposed by the present invention again
The coal seam sample of ore deposit buried depth 1000m in step (6), by according to national standard《Solid coefficient assay method (the GB/ of coal
T23561.12-2010)》Its coal seam solid coefficient f is measured again1The ≈ f ' of '=0.53, as a result prove the knot that the present invention measures
Fruit approaches and actual value.
When carrying out coal body solid coefficient measure to the coal seam of the different buried depth in other collieries, it can be carried out according to above-mentioned steps
Measurement, this method is simple and convenient, it is easy implement, be easy to promote, measurement result tallies with the actual situation.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：(1) selection of tectonic soft coal：In coal seam one at choose tectonic soft coal coal sample, while record the buried depth for taking coal place H；(2) coal sample solid coefficient f1Measure：The coal sample that step (1) is obtained, according to national standard《The solid coefficient measure side of coal Method (GB/T23561.12-2010)》Determine its solid coefficient f1；(3) making of tectonic soft coal moulded coal：A, the briquetting pressure of corresponding standard cylinder sample, standard cylinder specimen size D × h=are calculated using briquetting pressure formula 50mm × 100mm, briquetting pressure formula are：P=π r2γ H, wherein D are standard round column dimension diameter, and h is standard cylinder chi Very little height, r are standard round column dimension radius, and γ is Strata Overlying The Seam unit weight, and H is the coal sample buried depth；B, the briquetting pressure P calculated with above-mentioned steps, the broken coal sample obtained in step (1) is pressed into standard The moulded coal of cylindrical specimen size, dwell time t；C, moulded coal is dried；(4) moulded coal solid coefficient f2Measure：Test the uniaxial compressive strength P according to the moulded coal test specimen made in step (3)0, and The solid coefficient f of moulded coal is calculated according to the relation between uniaxial compressive strength and solid coefficient2；(5) coal sample solid coefficient f is contrasted1And moulded coal solid coefficient f2, determine dwell time t0：If f1=f2, it was demonstrated that above-mentioned steps (3) moulded coal making dwell time t is suitable, and parameter is accurate, and moulded coal robustness can reflect Tectonic soft coal robustness, now the dwell time t in above-mentioned steps (3) is t0；If f1>f2, then repeat step (3) and dwell time t is increased, then repeat step (4) to step (5), until results of measuring f1=f2, moulded coal test specimen robustness reflection tectonic soft coal robustness, the dwell time t after now adjusting in above-mentioned steps (3) is t0；If f1<f2, then repeat step (3) and dwell time t is reduced, then repeat step (4) to step (5), until results of measuring f1=f2, moulded coal test specimen robustness reflection tectonic soft coal robustness, the dwell time t after now adjusting in above-mentioned steps (3) is t0；(6) determination of other buried depth coal body solid coefficients of same mining area：Measure the other buried depth coal body robustness systems in same mining area During number, step (1), (3) and (4) is repeated in, when the wherein dwell time t in step (3) is the pressurize determined in step (5) Between t0, finally give the solid coefficient f of moulded coal2The as solid coefficient of the buried depth coal body.
- A kind of 2. assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (3) selection of the dwell time t in and adjusting range are 15min~30min.
- A kind of 3. assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (3) in, the mode to moulded coal drying is low temperature drying.
- A kind of 4. assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The low temperature The temperature used is dried as 25 DEG C~50 DEG C, the time is 12h~36h.
- 5. a kind of assay method of tectonic soft coal solid coefficient according to Claims 1-4 any one claim, It is characterized in that：Coal seam in the step (1) is newly exposed coal seam.
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| CN110411858A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-11-05 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of rotary jet grouting reinforces the strength test method of coal body |
| CN110411859A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-11-05 | 中国矿业大学 | Boundary strength test method after a kind of fractured coal grouting reinforcement |
| CN110411795A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-11-05 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of method of analog equivalent scene cherry coal in laboratory |
| CN110529117A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-12-03 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of Blasting in open-pit shock loading simulation experiment method |
| CN112345387A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-09 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Method and system for measuring coal sample firmness based on image analysis |
| CN113751143A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-07 | 武汉三源特种建材有限责任公司 | Method for determining uniaxial compressive strength of non-actual ore |
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