CN107941640B - Friction and wear testing machine - Google Patents

Friction and wear testing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107941640B
CN107941640B CN201711122324.2A CN201711122324A CN107941640B CN 107941640 B CN107941640 B CN 107941640B CN 201711122324 A CN201711122324 A CN 201711122324A CN 107941640 B CN107941640 B CN 107941640B
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sample
shaft
cutter
lifting
frame
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CN107941640A (en
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李彬
王红
刘建寿
赵振法
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Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology
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Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/56Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of friction test equipment, in particular to a friction and wear testing machine. The device comprises a frame, a rotating shaft and a lifting shaft, wherein the rotating shaft and the lifting shaft are coaxially arranged on the frame in the vertical direction, the rotating shaft is driven to rotate through a rotating driving device arranged on the frame, a cutter sample clamp for fixing a cutter sample is connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft through a movable interface, the lifting shaft is driven to lift through a lifting driving device arranged on the frame, an elastic connecting piece is arranged between the lifting shaft and the lifting driving device, and a substrate sample clamp for fixing a substrate sample is arranged at the upper end of the lifting shaft. The invention can accurately control the pressure between the cutter sample and the substrate sample, overcomes the jump of the cutter sample and the substrate sample caused by insufficient processing precision, and can conveniently carry out various friction and wear tests.

Description

Friction and wear testing machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of friction test equipment, in particular to a friction and wear testing machine.
Background
In the lathe cutting processing field, the friction force between the cutter and the base material easily causes cutter damage, and the cutting surface of the base material is too rough to meet technical requirements. It is generally necessary to determine by friction tests what materials are used to make the tool that is most suitable for cutting operations on certain substrates, or what lubricating oil is used during cutting to reduce friction between the tool and the substrate.
In the process of simulating the cutting state between the cutter and the base material through the existing friction test equipment, on one hand, the pressure between the base material and the cutter cannot be adjusted, and the real cutting state between the cutter and the base material under different pressures cannot be simulated; on the other hand, because of the limitation of the process precision, uneven concave-convex surfaces exist on the cutter and the substrate sample more or less, so that the jumping phenomenon is generated when the cutter sample and the substrate sample are in high-speed relative rotation, and the observation of the final test result is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a testing machine which can accurately control the pressure between a cutter sample and a base material sample, overcome the jump of the cutter sample and the base material sample caused by insufficient processing precision and can conveniently perform various friction and wear tests.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a friction and wear testing machine, includes the frame and along the coaxial rotation axis and the lift axle of setting in the frame of vertical direction, the rotation axis is rotatory through the rotation driving device drive that sets up in the frame, has the cutter sample anchor clamps that are used for fixed cutter sample at the lower extreme of rotation axis through movable interface connection, and the lift axle is gone up and down through the lift driving device drive that sets up in the frame, is equipped with elastic connection spare between lift axle and lift driving device, is equipped with the substrate sample anchor clamps that are used for fixed substrate sample in the upper end of lift axle.
Preferably, the lifting driving device comprises a sliding rod arranged along the vertical direction and a sliding block arranged on the sliding rod in a sliding manner, the top end of the sliding rod is fixed with the frame, a first servo motor is arranged at the bottom end of the sliding rod, a threaded hole is formed in the sliding block, a ball screw parallel to the sliding rod is mounted in the threaded hole in a matched manner, the bottom end of the ball screw is connected with an output shaft of the first servo motor, and a first jacking block for pushing the lifting shaft to lift is connected above the sliding block through a first spring.
Preferably, the elastic connecting piece is arranged between the lifting shaft and the first jacking block, the elastic connecting piece comprises a jacking ball and a second spring fixed on the jacking ball, the jacking ball is contacted with the lower end of the lifting shaft, and the second spring is arranged in a spring groove formed in the first jacking block.
Preferably, the movable interface is a taper hole formed at the lower end of the rotary shaft, the aperture of the taper hole gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the rotary shaft is a hollow shaft; the tool sample clamping devices are multiple in number, each tool sample clamping device comprises a taper shank with a small end and a taper hole, and a chuck fixed at the large end of the taper shank, a forming tool sample clamping mechanism for fixing a forming tool sample, a pin hole for fixing a pin-shaped tool sample, a hemispherical groove for fixing a spherical tool sample or an annular groove for fixing an annular tool sample are respectively arranged on one side of the chuck opposite to the taper shank, which is connected with the taper shank, of each chuck, and ejector rod holes connected with the pin hole, the hemispherical groove or the annular groove are respectively formed in positions corresponding to the pin hole, the hemispherical groove or the annular groove.
Preferably, the forming cutter clamping mechanism comprises a chute arranged on the chuck, two second ejector blocks arranged in the chute in a sliding manner and an adjusting screw used for fixing the two second ejector blocks with the chuck respectively, a threaded hole is formed in the bottom of the chute, strip-shaped stroke holes are formed in the two second ejector blocks along the length direction of the chute respectively, the adjusting screw penetrates through the stroke holes in the second ejector blocks and is matched with the threaded hole, and one ends of the two second ejector blocks, which are close to each other, are respectively arranged to be slope surfaces.
Preferably, the substrate sample clamp comprises a disc coaxially fixed at the top end of the lifting shaft and a plurality of annular steps with different radiuses arranged on the end face of the top of the disc, and the annular steps are coaxially arranged with the lifting shaft.
Preferably, the disc is provided with a cutting fluid oil cup with an opening at the top and containing the cutter sample clamp and the substrate sample clamp through a first external thread formed along the periphery of the disc in a matched mode, and a first electric heating device is arranged in the cutting fluid oil cup.
Preferably, a plurality of bearings are arranged in the middle of the rotating shaft, and outer rings of the plurality of bearings are fixedly connected with bearing seats fixed on the frame.
Preferably, the bearing seat comprises a housing connected with the frame, a furnace body with an opening at the bottom is mounted at the bottom end of the housing in a matched manner through second external threads formed along the periphery of the housing and used for accommodating the cutter sample clamp and the substrate sample clamp, and a second electric heating device is arranged in the furnace body.
Preferably, the rotary driving device comprises a second servo motor, a first belt wheel fixed on an output shaft of the second servo motor, a second belt wheel fixed on the upper end of the rotary shaft, and a transmission belt connected in front of the first belt wheel and the second belt wheel.
Advantageous effects
The invention comprises a plurality of cutter sample clamps and a substrate sample clamp which can be matched with the cutter sample clamps, and can finish the friction and abrasion test of a formed cutter sample, a spherical cutter sample, a pin-shaped cutter sample and an annular cutter sample by installing different cutter sample clamps through one device, thereby reducing the input cost of scientific research unit devices.
According to the invention, the lifting shaft is lifted by the cooperation of the lifting driving device comprising the second servo motor, the ball screw and the threaded hole, so that the required pressure can be accurately provided between the cutter sample and the substrate sample through the lifting shaft, the defects in the prior art are overcome, and the cutting test simulation function is more real.
The sliding block connected with the ball screw in the lifting driving device is connected with the first jacking block used for pushing the lifting shaft to ascend through the first spring, the second spring is arranged between the first jacking block and the lifting shaft, and under the condition that uneven concave-convex surfaces exist on the cutter sample and the substrate sample, the phenomenon of jumping is avoided when the cutter sample and the substrate sample are in high-speed relative rotation, and the test effect is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the elastic connector of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a substrate sample holder according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a first tool specimen holder of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a second top block of the tool specimen holder of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a second tool specimen holder of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a third tool specimen holder of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a fourth tool specimen holder of the present invention;
description of the drawings: 1. the device comprises a first servo motor, 2, a sliding block, 3, a ball screw, 4, a first spring, 5, a sliding rod, 6, a first top block, 7, a frame, 8, a lifting shaft, 9, a substrate sample clamp, 10, a tool sample clamp, 11, a rotating shaft, 12, a second belt pulley, 13, a shell, 14, a second external screw thread, 15, an elastic connecting piece, 16, a driving belt, 17, a first belt pulley, 18, a second servo motor, 19, a chuck, 20, a taper shank, 21, a second top block, 22, an adjusting screw, 23, a stroke hole, 24, an annular step, 25, a disc, 26, a first external screw thread, 27, a hemispherical groove, 28, a pin hole, 29, an annular groove, 30, a top ball, 31 and a second spring.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, a frictional wear testing machine of the present invention includes a frame 7, and a rotation shaft 11 and a lifting shaft 8 coaxially provided on the frame 7 in a vertical direction. The rotary shaft 11 is driven to rotate by a rotary driving device arranged on the frame 7, a cutter sample clamp 10 for fixing a cutter sample is connected to the lower end of the rotary shaft 11 through a movable interface, and the cutter sample on the cutter sample clamp 10 is driven to rotate at a high speed by the rotary driving device. The lifting shaft 8 is driven to lift through a lifting driving device arranged on the frame 7, a shaft sleeve for lifting and sliding of the lifting shaft 8 is arranged on the frame 7, the lifting shaft 8 and the shaft sleeve are mounted through spline fit, and the lifting shaft 8 is prevented from rotating on the premise that the lifting shaft 8 can lift and slide in the shaft sleeve. An elastic connecting piece 15 is arranged between the lifting shaft 8 and the lifting driving device, a substrate sample clamp 9 for fixing a substrate sample is arranged at the upper end of the lifting shaft 8, the substrate sample on the substrate sample clamp 9 is contacted with the cutter sample for friction test through lifting control of the lifting driving device, and the pressure between the substrate sample and the cutter sample is accurately controlled to enable the friction test to be closer to real cutting.
The lifting driving device comprises two sliding rods 5 arranged along the vertical direction and sliding blocks 2 arranged on the two sliding rods 5 in a sliding manner, the top ends of the two sliding rods 5 are fixed with the frame 7, the bottom end of the two sliding rods is fixedly connected with a motor base, and a first servo motor 1 is fixedly arranged on the motor base. The sliding block 2 is provided with a threaded hole, a ball screw 3 parallel to the sliding rod 5 is matched and installed in the threaded hole, the bottom end of the ball screw 3 is connected with an output shaft of the first servo motor 1, and a first jacking block 6 for pushing the lifting shaft 8 to lift is connected above the sliding block 2 through a first spring 4. The ball screw 3 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the first servo motor 1, so that under the limiting effect of the two slide bars 5, the control slide block 2 moves up and down on the two slide bars 5, and finally, the lifting force is transmitted to the lifting shaft 8 through the first spring 4 and the first top block 6, so that the substrate sample contacts with the cutter sample, and the pressure between the substrate sample and the cutter sample is regulated.
The elastic connecting piece 15 is arranged between the lifting shaft 8 and the first top block 6, the elastic connecting piece 15 comprises a top ball 30 and a second spring 31 fixed on the top ball 30, the top ball 30 is contacted with the lower end of the lifting shaft 8, the second spring 31 is arranged in a spring groove formed in the first top block 6, and the diameter of the top ball 30 is smaller than that of the spring groove. Through the cushioning effect of the second spring 31 and the first spring 4, when the cutter sample and the substrate sample have uneven concave-convex surfaces, the cutter sample and the substrate sample are enabled to rotate relatively at a high speed, the jumping phenomenon is avoided, and the test effect is more accurate.
In order to make the present invention multipurpose in one machine and perform various frictional wear tests, the present invention includes a plurality of tool-sample holders 10 and a substrate-sample holder 9 which is fittingly attachable to a substrate sample required for a tool sample to which the plurality of tool-sample holders are fixed.
In order to enable a plurality of cutter sample clamps 10 to be quickly, conveniently and firmly connected with the rotating shaft 11, the lower end of the rotating shaft 11 is provided with a movable interface, the movable interface is a taper hole formed in the lower end of the rotating shaft 11, the aperture of the taper hole gradually decreases from bottom to top, the rotating shaft 11 is a hollow shaft, and a strip-shaped ejector rod can extend into the rotating shaft from the upper end of the rotating shaft 11 to eject the cutter sample clamps 10 to complete disassembly. The plurality of cutter sample holders 10 each comprise a taper shank 20 with a small end and a taper hole, and a chuck 19 fixed at the large end of the taper shank 20, wherein a forming cutter sample clamping mechanism for fixing a forming cutter sample, a pin hole 28 for fixing a pin-shaped cutter sample, a hemispherical groove 27 for fixing a spherical cutter sample or an annular groove 29 for fixing an annular cutter sample are respectively arranged on one side of the chuck 19 opposite to the taper shank 20, which is opposite to the chuck 19 of the plurality of cutter sample holders 10, and ejector rod holes connected with the pin hole 28, the hemispherical groove 27 or the annular groove 29 are respectively formed on one side of the chuck 19 connected with the taper shank 20 and correspond to the positions of the pin hole 28, the hemispherical groove 27 or the annular groove 29.
The forming tool clamping mechanism comprises a sliding groove formed in the chuck 19, two second top blocks 21 arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding manner, and an adjusting screw 22 used for fixing the two second top blocks 21 with the chuck 19 respectively, wherein a clamping area for clamping the forming tool is formed in the sliding groove between the two second top blocks 21. The two second top blocks 21 can slide in the sliding grooves and are fixed with the chuck 19 through the adjusting screws 22, and the size of the clamping area is adjustable, so that the clamping area can adapt to quadrilateral forming cutters, triangular forming cutters and forming cutters with other shapes in different specifications on the market. The bottom of the chute is provided with a threaded hole, two second ejector blocks 21 are respectively provided with a strip-shaped travel hole 23 along the length direction of the chute, an adjusting screw 22 penetrates through the travel hole 23 on the second ejector blocks 21 to be matched with the threaded hole, one ends of the two second ejector blocks 21, which are close to each other, are respectively provided with a slope, and the slopes on the two second ejector blocks 21 are matched with each other to better clamp and fix a more common triangular forming cutter.
The substrate sample holder 9 includes a disk 25 coaxially fixed to the top end of the lifting shaft 8, and a plurality of annular steps 24 having different radii provided on the top end surface of the disk 25, the plurality of annular steps 24 being coaxially provided with the lifting shaft 8. As shown in fig. 4, a circular substrate sample can be clamped and fixed in one annular step 24 positioned at the innermost side, or annular substrate samples with different specifications can be clamped and fixed at positions between any two adjacent annular steps 24, so that the requirements of the forming cutter sample, the annular cutter sample, the spherical cutter sample and the pin cutter sample on the shape of the substrate sample in the friction and wear test are met.
A cutting fluid oil cup having an open top and accommodating the tool sample holder 10 and the substrate sample holder 9 is fitted along the disk 25 by means of a first external screw thread 26 provided along the outer periphery of the disk 25, and a first electric heating device is provided in the cutting fluid oil cup. Cutting fluid is added into the cutting fluid oil cup and heated by the first electric heating device, so that the cutting fluid performance under the high-temperature state can be simulated.
The rotation driving device includes a second servo motor 18, a first pulley 17 fixed to an output shaft of the second servo motor 18, a second pulley 12 fixed to an upper end of the rotation shaft 11, and a transmission belt 16 connected before the first pulley 17 and the second pulley 12. A plurality of bearings are provided at the middle of the rotation shaft 11 to maintain stability during high-speed rotation of the rotation shaft 11. The outer rings of the plurality of bearings are fixedly connected with bearing seats fixed on the frame 7. The bearing seat comprises a shell 13 connected with the frame 7, a furnace body with an opening at the bottom is arranged at the bottom end of the shell 13 through a second external thread 14 arranged along the periphery of the shell 13 and used for accommodating the cutter sample clamp 10 and the substrate sample clamp 9, a second electric heating device is arranged in the furnace body, and the temperature in the furnace body can be heated to 800-900 ℃ through the second electric heating device to carry out friction and wear test under extreme temperature conditions. The cutting fluid oil cup and the furnace body can be conveniently disassembled and assembled, so that friction and abrasion tests in multiple modes can be repeatedly performed in a crossing manner.
In the present embodiment, a pressure sensor is provided between the first spring 4 and the slider 2, between the first spring 4 and the first top block 6, between the second spring 31 and the first top block 6, or between the top ball 30 and the lower end of the lifting shaft 8, and the pressure sensor transmits a pressure signal to the controller. The pressure sensor monitors the shafting pressure between the cutter sample and the substrate sample, when the pressure between the cutter sample and the substrate sample is reduced due to abrasion, the controller controls the first servo motor 1 to rotate to finely adjust the sliding block 2, so that the purpose of automatically adjusting the pressure between the cutter sample and the substrate sample to the pressure required by the test is achieved.

Claims (5)

1. The friction and wear testing machine is characterized in that: the device comprises a frame (7), a rotating shaft (11) and a lifting shaft (8) which are coaxially arranged on the frame (7) along the vertical direction, wherein the rotating shaft (11) is driven to rotate through a rotating driving device arranged on the frame (7), a cutter sample clamp (10) for fixing a cutter sample is connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft (11) through a movable interface, the lifting shaft (8) is driven to lift through a lifting driving device arranged on the frame (7), an elastic connecting piece (15) is arranged between the lifting shaft (8) and the lifting driving device, and a substrate sample clamp (9) for fixing a substrate sample is arranged at the upper end of the lifting shaft (8);
the lifting driving device comprises a sliding rod (5) arranged along the vertical direction and a sliding block (2) arranged on the sliding rod (5) in a sliding manner, wherein the top end of the sliding rod (5) is fixed with a frame (7), the bottom end of the sliding rod is provided with a first servo motor (1), the sliding block (2) is provided with a threaded hole, a ball screw (3) parallel to the sliding rod (5) is matched and installed in the threaded hole, the bottom end of the ball screw (3) is connected with an output shaft of the first servo motor (1), and a first top block (6) for pushing a lifting shaft (8) to rise is connected above the sliding block (2) through a first spring (4);
the elastic connecting piece (15) is arranged between the lifting shaft (8) and the first top block (6), the elastic connecting piece (15) comprises a top ball (30) and a second spring (31) fixed on the top ball (30), the top ball (30) is contacted with the lower end of the lifting shaft (8), and the second spring (31) is arranged in a spring groove formed in the first top block (6);
the substrate sample clamp (9) comprises a disc (25) coaxially fixed at the top end of the lifting shaft (8) and a plurality of annular steps (24) with different radiuses, wherein the annular steps (24) are arranged on the top end surface of the disc (25), and the annular steps (24) are coaxially arranged with the lifting shaft (8);
the cutting fluid oil cup with an opening at the top and containing the cutter sample clamp (10) and the substrate sample clamp (9) is cooperatively arranged on the disc (25) through a first external thread (26) arranged along the periphery of the disc (25), and a first electric heating device is arranged in the cutting fluid oil cup;
the rotary driving device comprises a second servo motor (18), a first belt wheel (17) fixed on an output shaft of the second servo motor (18), a second belt wheel (12) fixed at the upper end of the rotary shaft (11), and a transmission belt (16) connected in front of the first belt wheel (17) and the second belt wheel (12).
2. A frictional wear testing machine as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the movable interface is a taper hole formed at the lower end of the rotary shaft (11), the aperture of the taper hole gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the rotary shaft (11) is a hollow shaft; the number of the cutter sample clamps (10) is multiple, each cutter sample clamp (10) comprises a taper shank (20) with a small end and a taper hole, and a chuck (19) fixed at the large end of the taper shank (20), a forming cutter sample clamping mechanism for fixing a forming cutter sample, a pin hole (28) for fixing a spherical cutter sample, a hemispherical groove (27) for fixing a spherical cutter sample or an annular groove (29) for fixing an annular cutter sample are respectively arranged on the chuck (19) of each cutter sample clamp (10) on one side opposite to the taper shank (20), and ejector rod holes connected with the pin hole (28), the hemispherical groove (27) or the annular groove (29) are respectively formed in the positions of the chuck (19) connected with the taper shank (20) and corresponding to the pin hole (28), the hemispherical groove (27) or the annular groove (29).
3. A frictional wear testing machine as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the forming cutter sample fixture comprises a chute arranged on a chuck (19), two second ejector blocks (21) arranged in the chute in a sliding manner, and an adjusting screw (22) used for fixing the two second ejector blocks (21) with the chuck (19) respectively, wherein a threaded hole is formed in the bottom of the chute, strip-shaped travel holes (23) are formed in the two second ejector blocks (21) along the length direction of the chute respectively, the adjusting screw (22) penetrates through the travel holes (23) in the second ejector blocks (21) to be matched with the threaded hole, and one ends of the two second ejector blocks (21) close to each other are respectively provided with a slope.
4. A frictional wear testing machine as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the rotating shaft (11) is provided with a plurality of bearings, and the outer rings of the plurality of bearings are fixedly connected with a bearing seat fixed on the frame (7).
5. A frictional wear testing machine as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the bearing seat comprises a shell (13) connected with the frame (7), a furnace body with an opening at the bottom is installed at the bottom end of the shell (13) in a matched mode through second external threads (14) formed along the periphery of the shell (13) and used for accommodating the cutter sample clamp (10) and the substrate sample clamp (9) in the furnace body, and a second electric heating device is arranged in the furnace body.
CN201711122324.2A 2017-11-14 2017-11-14 Friction and wear testing machine Active CN107941640B (en)

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