CN107932894B - High-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer and working method thereof - Google Patents
High-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer and a working method thereof, which solve the problems of the existing 3D printing in the aspects of resolution, stability and controllability, can realize the high-precision printing of a multilayer structure, real-time observation and monitoring of the printing process and the high-precision pattern printing of a conductive material on an insulating substrate, and has the technical scheme that: the device comprises a mounting bottom plate, wherein a Y-axis workbench is arranged on the mounting bottom plate, a vacuum adsorption platform is fixed on the Y-axis workbench, a printing substrate is adsorbed on the vacuum adsorption platform, a printing nozzle and a vertical observation camera are correspondingly arranged above the printing substrate, the printing nozzle and the vertical observation camera are connected to a Z-axis workbench, and the Z-axis workbench is fixed on an X-axis workbench; one side of the printing nozzle is correspondingly provided with a strabismus observation camera, and the other side of the printing nozzle is correspondingly provided with an LED light source and a far infrared curing light source; the printing nozzle is communicated with the storage bottle, and the storage bottle is arranged on the lifting table.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of additive manufacturing and 3D printing, in particular to a high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer and a working method thereof.
Background
Material jet deposition 3D printing is an additive manufacturing method for selectively depositing a shaped material based on the principle of droplet ejection, and various material jet deposition 3D printing technologies have been proposed internationally at present, mainly including inkjet (thermal bubble or piezoelectric) printing, aerosol jet (aerosol jet), polymer jet (polymet), nanoparticle jet technology (NanoParticle Jetting), and the like. However, these conventional materials are limited in terms of jet deposition modeling materials, generally require a low viscosity (typically less than 100 cP) of the printing material, are limited in the variety of printing materials available, have low printing resolution, and currently are difficult to achieve printing with sub-microscale resolution (the minimum line width of conventional inkjet printed patterns is typically greater than 20 microns), and in particular are difficult to achieve macro/micro cross-scale fabrication, and are difficult to achieve multi-material multi-scale integrated 3D printing. The method faces great challenges in manufacturing multi-level complex three-dimensional structures of heterogeneous materials.
Electrohydrodynamic jet printing (Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing), also known as electrospray printing, is a micro-droplet jet-forming deposition technique based on Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) that has been proposed and developed in recent years by Park and Rogers et al. Unlike conventional inkjet printing techniques (thermal, piezoelectric, etc.) which employ a "push" approach, electrohydrodynamic jet printing employs electric field driving to produce extremely fine jets from the tip of a liquid cone (taylor cone) in a "pull" manner. The basic principle is that a high-voltage pulse power supply is applied between a conductive nozzle (a first electrode) and a conductive substrate/substrate (a second electrode), fluid is pulled out of a nozzle opening by using a strong electric field force formed between the nozzle and the substrate to form a Taylor cone, the fluid at the nozzle is subjected to the action of electrotangential stress due to the high electric potential of the nozzle, when the local charge repulsive force exceeds the surface tension of the fluid, the charged fluid is ejected from the nozzle to form a very fine jet (the jet diameter is far smaller than the diameter of the nozzle due to the jet emitted from a tip, so that the size of micro-droplets is far smaller than the size of the nozzle, which is usually smaller by 1-2 orders of magnitude), and the micro-droplets are ejected and deposited on a printing bed to be solidified by heat/light and the like, and the low-cost manufacturing of a complex three-dimensional structure is realized by layer-by-layer manufacturing. The resolution ratio of electrohydrodynamic jet printing is not limited by the size of a nozzle, the manufacture of submicron and nanometer resolution micro-nano structures can be realized on the premise that the nozzle is not easy to block, the variety of materials for printing is wide, the printing of high-viscosity materials can be realized, and the variety of printing materials is greatly expanded. The technology is already applied to various fields such as flexible electronics, biomedical treatment, tissue engineering, photoelectrons, micro-nano optics, composite materials, high-definition display and the like, and has good industrial application prospect.
Although electrohydrodynamic jet 3D printing has very significant and outstanding advantages in many respects compared to other material jet deposition 3D printing techniques. However, electrohydrodynamic spraying 3D printing still has many drawbacks and limitations, facing some difficult problems, mainly including: (1) High-precision multilayer printing is difficult to realize, and the problem of multilayer printing alignment cannot be guaranteed; (2) The size of the printed pattern or structural feature is very small (micro-nano scale), the printing speed is very high, the distance between the nozzle and the substrate is very small, the real observation and real-time monitoring of the printing process are difficult, and the precision and quality of the printed pattern cannot be controlled; (3) The existing injection pump feeding modes have the defects of poor feeding precision and stability and cannot meet the requirement of high-precision graphic printing; (4) It is difficult to achieve high-precision and stable reliable printing of conductive materials on insulating base materials (substrates). The accumulation of the conductive material on the insulating substrate (base material) seriously affects the stability of the electric field, thereby adversely affecting the accuracy and quality of the printed pattern and the stability of the printing process; (5) The print height of the shaped piece (print) is limited, and the height of the electrospray print is generally limited to below 3mm due to the limitation of the distance between the conductive nozzle and the conductive substrate, so that the manufacture of large-sized parts and macro/micro cross-scale structures is difficult to realize. This is because the electric field force of the stable cone jet formed by the electrospray printing is weakened as the distance between the conductive substrate and the conductive nozzle increases, and when the electric field force exceeds a certain height (about 3 mm), the stable cone jet is not sufficiently maintained, and continuous printing cannot be realized. Meanwhile, along with the continuous lifting and changing of the printing height, the electric field force needs to be continuously adjusted to be improved to ensure that the stable cone jet flow is used for realizing printing, which is difficult to realize in the actual printing process, so that the electronic spray printing cannot truly realize macro/micro cross-scale manufacturing, and meanwhile, 3D printing cannot truly realize; (6) The receiving substrate/substrate (base material) material is limited, the receiving substrate (base material) is used as the second electrode, the substrate is generally required to have conductivity, and when printing on a non-conductive substrate, a plurality of limitations are faced, and conductive treatment is required; (7) The requirements on the shape and the flatness of the substrate are high, and in order to ensure the stability of an electric field, the electrospray printing is generally only suitable for the substrate within a certain height variation range, is difficult to print on the surface of the existing object (more than 3 mm), cannot print on the substrate with non-flatness, curved surfaces and the like, so that the application in many aspects is limited, and the real 3D printing cannot be realized; (8) The printing materials are limited, and the printing of certain cellular or bioactive tissue materials is limited by the need to apply very high pressure to the conductive nozzles during the electrospray printing operation. In addition, short-circuit discharge phenomenon is easy to generate in the printing process of some metal materials or materials with very good conductivity, and the printing process has poor stability, so that the electrospray printing faces great limitation in the aspects of printing biological materials and metal materials; (9) When printing macro-scale structures and large-size parts, the efficiency is low.
Therefore, the existing material jet deposition 3D printing technology has various defects and limitations in printing materials, resolution, receiving substrates (base materials) and the like, cannot realize high-resolution graphic printing, particularly cannot realize high-resolution multilayer structure printing and printing of complex three-dimensional micro-nano structures, particularly cannot realize high-precision printing of conductive materials on insulating substrates, and does not have the capability of monitoring and observing in real time in the printing process. Stability and controllability during printing are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer and a working method thereof, which can realize high-precision printing of a multilayer structure, real-time observation and monitoring of a printing process, high-precision pattern printing of a conductive material on an insulating substrate, and particularly high-efficiency and high-precision 3D printing of a macro/micro three-microstructure can be realized, the problem of macro/micro cross-scale integrated printing is solved, the types and the range of controllable printing materials and the use of a substrate are enlarged, and the printing stability, the reliability and the continuity are improved;
the invention adopts the implementation scheme that: (1) The conductive nozzle is connected with the positive electrode of the high-voltage pulse power supply, and a stable electric field is formed by utilizing electrostatic induction. (2) An alternating current high voltage power supply is introduced, and when the conductive material is printed on the insulating substrate, the alternating current high voltage power supply is adopted. (3) The bias voltage and the high-voltage direct current pulse voltage are adopted, the shape and the size of the Taylor cone are controlled by the bias voltage, stable cone jet injection is realized by the high-voltage direct current pulse voltage, the voltage for realizing cone jet injection is obviously reduced due to the introduction of the bias voltage, smaller micro liquid drops can be obtained, and the printing precision is greatly improved; meanwhile, because the bias voltage continuously carries out charge replenishment, the frequency of the used high-voltage direct-current pulse voltage can be obviously improved, and the printing efficiency is improved. (4) setting three printing modes: a pulse cone jet pattern; a continuous cone jet pattern; ac high voltage print mode. Wherein the continuous cone jet mode adopts high-voltage direct-current voltage; the pulse cone jet mode adopts bias voltage and high-voltage direct-current pulse voltage; the ac high voltage printing mode uses ac high voltage. Printing the micro-feature using a pulsed cone jet mode, ensuring the accuracy/resolution (accuracy priority) of the printed micro-feature; printing macroscopic shape features by adopting a continuous cone jet mode, and realizing high-efficiency printing (giving consideration to precision and efficiency priority) on the premise of meeting precision; and an alternating-current high-voltage printing mode is adopted to realize printing of the conductive material on the insulating substrate. (5) A new feeding method and device are introduced, so that continuous and stable feeding of trace liquid can be realized, and the feeding and pressure stability in the printing process is ensured. The traditional feeding mode of electronic spray printing is unstable in back pressure and feeding in the printing process, high-precision printing cannot be achieved, and especially stability in the printing process is poor, so that consistency and high precision of printed patterns are seriously affected. (6) The printing platform with the heating function is combined with the far infrared curing light source, so that the rapid curing of the printing structure can be realized, the precision of multilayer printing is improved, and meanwhile, the printing efficiency is remarkably improved.
Specifically, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer comprises a mounting bottom plate, wherein a Y-axis workbench is arranged on the mounting bottom plate, a vacuum adsorption platform is fixed on the Y-axis workbench, a printing substrate is adsorbed on the vacuum adsorption platform, a printing nozzle and a vertical observation camera are correspondingly arranged above the printing substrate, the printing nozzle and the vertical observation camera are connected to a Z-axis workbench, and the Z-axis workbench is fixed on an X-axis workbench; one side of the printing nozzle is correspondingly provided with a strabismus observation camera, and the other side of the printing nozzle is correspondingly provided with an LED light source and a far infrared curing light source; the printing nozzle is communicated with the storage bottle, and the storage bottle is arranged on the lifting table.
Further, the mounting baseplate is provided with a portal frame, the portal frame comprises a portal frame support connected with the mounting baseplate, the top of the portal frame support is provided with a portal frame cross beam, and the X-axis workbench is fixed on the portal frame cross beam.
Further, the Z-axis workbench is connected with a nozzle support, a nozzle seat is fixed on the nozzle support, and the printing nozzle is fixed on the nozzle seat.
Further, a Z-axis installation platform is fixed on the Z-axis workbench, a vertical camera support is fixed on the Z-axis installation platform, and a vertical observation camera is fixed on the vertical camera support.
Further, the vertical observation camera is arranged on one side of the printing nozzle and is vertical to the mounting bottom plate.
Further, a strabismus camera bracket is fixed on the Z-axis mounting platform, and a strabismus observation camera is fixed on the strabismus camera bracket; the strabismus observation camera and the mounting bottom plate have an included angle which can be adjusted between 0 and 80 degrees.
Further, the LED light source and the far infrared curing light source are fixed on a light source bracket, and the light source bracket is fixed on the Z-axis mounting platform; the LED light source and the far infrared curing light source have an included angle with the mounting bottom plate, and the included angle can be adjusted between 0 and 80 degrees.
Further, the storage bottle is connected with the back pressure adjusting module.
Further, the printing nozzle is connected with the positive electrode of a high-voltage pulse power supply, and the high-voltage pulse power supply is connected with the signal generator.
The effective travel of the X-axis workbench is 0-800 mm, the repeated positioning precision is not lower than +/-0.1 micron, the absolute positioning precision is not lower than +/-0.5 micron, the maximum speed is 1000mm/s, and the maximum acceleration is 100m/s 2.
The effective stroke of the Y-axis workbench is 0-800 mm, the repeated positioning precision is not lower than +/-0.1 micron, the absolute positioning precision is not lower than +/-0.5 micron, the maximum speed is 1000mm/s, and the maximum acceleration is 100m/s 2.
The effective stroke of the Z-axis worktable is 0-200 mm, and the absolute positioning precision is not lower than +/-0.2 microns.
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention also provides a working method of the high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: initializing printing, wherein the X-axis workbench, the Y-axis workbench and the Z-axis workbench are moved to a printing original position; setting the heating temperature of the vacuum adsorption platform according to the printing material;
step 2: the Z-axis workbench moves downwards to enable the printing nozzle to reach a preset height, an LED light source, a far infrared curing light source, a vertical observation camera and a strabismus observation camera are started, and the vertical camera is used for assisting in positioning; observing the shape of the micro-droplet at the nozzle by using a strabismus observation camera;
step 3: selecting a printing mode: pulsed cone jet mode or continuous cone jet mode or alternating high voltage mode; printing to form a three-dimensional entity structure by combining the movement of the workbench, and performing real-time observation and monitoring by using a strabismus observation camera in the printing process;
step 4: and closing each working part, returning the X-axis working table, the Y-axis working table and the Z-axis working table to the original stations, and taking down the three-dimensional solid structure from the printing substrate.
Further, in the step 3, if the printing material is a conductive material, an ac high-voltage printing mode is selected, and the voltage and frequency are adjusted to perform printing.
Further, in the step 3, if the large-size macrostructure is printed, a continuous cone jet mode is selected, and the direct current high voltage is adopted to adjust the voltage for printing.
Further, in the step 3, if the high-precision micro-feature structure is printed, a pulse cone jet flow mode is selected, a signal generator and a high-voltage pulse direct source are started, and printing process parameters are adjusted by using a strabismus observation camera to print.
Further, if a multi-layer structure is required to be printed, after the printing of the first layer is finished, the printing nozzle is raised by one layer thickness height, the positioning of the vertical observation camera is combined, the printed solid surface is taken as a target printing position, the deposition printing of the next layer section is continued, and the cycle is performed until the printing of all layers is finished, and finally the three-dimensional solid structure is formed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The conductive nozzle is connected with the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply, the grounded substrate is not needed to serve as a counter electrode, and the stable electric field required by the cone jet flow is formed through the electrostatic induction effect, so that the phenomena of discharge or short-circuit discharge and the like between the conductive nozzle and the conductive substrate in the traditional electronic spray printing can be reduced or avoided, and the stable reliability of the printing process is improved. In particular, the limitation of the forming height of the conventional electronic spray printing is broken through, and the high-precision printing of any height and substrate shape is realized.
(2) The three printing modes of pulse cone jet mode, continuous cone jet mode and alternating current high voltage mode are introduced, and different printing modes are selected according to different printing material types, different use base plates/substrates and different printing characteristic structures. On one hand, the process of the invention expands the application range of the process, improves the printing precision and efficiency, and especially can realize macro/micro cross-scale integrated printing and high-precision printing of a multilayer structure.
(3) An observation module is introduced to observe the whole printing process and monitor in real time, and meanwhile, the accurate positioning of the spray heads in the multilayer printing process is solved.
(4) Adopt the storage bottle to combine elevating platform and backpressure adjustment module, can accurate control supply to nozzle department material flow and pressure, accurate regulation meniscus ensures printing process stability, improves printing precision and quality.
(5) The rapid curing of the printing material is realized by adopting a curing mode of combining substrate heating and far infrared curing, so that the printing efficiency is improved on one hand, and the precision of multilayer printing is improved on the other hand.
(6) The nozzle is arranged on the nozzle seat, so that the nozzle is easy to detach and install and convenient to clean and replace.
(7) By adopting the novel feeding method and device, continuous and stable feeding of the trace liquid can be realized, and the stability in the printing process is ensured. The feeding method overcomes the defects that the back pressure and the feeding are unstable in the printing process of the feeding mode of the traditional electronic spray printing, high-precision printing cannot be realized, and especially the stability in the printing process is poor, so that the consistency and the high precision of a printed pattern are seriously influenced.
(8) The use of the wucang nozzle is not easy to damage, and can improve the printing reliability. Compared with the common nozzle, the inner shape of the pipeline at the front end of the wucang nozzle can effectively reduce the resistance of the solution flowing out. In addition, compared with the common precise needle, the inside of the front section of the needle is shorter, the needle is not easy to be blocked, and the service life is prolonged. And the inner diameter polishing treatment improves the smoothness of the inner surface of the needle head, and realizes micro-stable extrusion of the printing material.
(9) Can realize printing of various materials from high viscosity to low viscosity, and is suitable for a wide variety of materials.
(10) The equipment is simple to operate and low in cost.
(11) Adopts a gantry structure, has the advantages of good equipment rigidity, large operation space and the like.
(12) The printing pattern has high precision, and can realize the printing of the sub-microscale and nanoscale patterns.
(13) And a plurality of spray heads are combined, so that multi-material and multi-scale integrated printing can be realized.
(14) The printing efficiency is high, the stability is good, and the reliability is high.
The high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer has various points and wide application prospects, the precision of printing patterns is obviously improved, the stability, the reliability and the printing efficiency of printing are obviously improved, and particularly, the high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer has microscale and nanoscale 3D printing capability and macro/micro cross-scale integrated printing capability, can be widely used for printing materials, and greatly widens the application field of the jet deposition 3D printer. Especially has wide application prospect in the fields of microstructure arrays, microscale dies, high aspect ratio microstructures, complex three-dimensional micro-nano structures, microelectronics and the like. Particularly has wide application prospect in the aspects of manufacturing large-size transparent electrodes and ultra-fine circuits.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer according to the present invention;
in the figure, a mounting bottom plate, a 2 lifting platform, a 3 storage bottle, a 4 back pressure adjusting module, a 5 strabismus observation camera, a 6 strabismus camera support, a 7 portal frame, a 701 portal frame support, a 702 portal frame beam, an 8Z axis mounting platform, a 9Z axis workbench, a 10X axis workbench, a 11 vertical observation camera, a 12 vertical camera support, a 13 light source support, a 14 nozzle support, a 15 nozzle seat, a 16 printing nozzle, a 17LED light source, a 18 far infrared curing light source, a 19 signal generator, a 20 high-voltage pulse power supply, a 21 substrate, a 22 vacuum adsorption platform and a 23Y axis workbench are arranged.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
As described in the background art, the prior art has defects in various aspects of 3D printing resolution, stability and controllability, and in order to solve the technical problems as described above, the application provides a high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer and a working method thereof.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a high precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer, comprising: mounting baseplate 1, elevating platform 2, storage bottle 3, backpressure regulating module 4, strabismus observation camera 5, strabismus camera support 6, portal frame 7, portal frame support 701, portal frame crossbeam 702, Z-axis mounting platform 8, Z-axis workstation 9, X-axis workstation 10, vertical observation camera 11, vertical camera support 12, light source support 13, nozzle support 14, nozzle holder 15, printing nozzle 16, LED light source 17, far infrared curing light source 18, signal generator 19, high-voltage pulse power supply 20, base plate 21, vacuum adsorption platform 22, Y-axis work 23. Wherein the Y-axis workbench 23 is arranged on the mounting base plate 1, and the vacuum adsorption platform 22 is fixed on the Y-axis workbench 23 and adsorbs the printing substrate 21; the portal frame 7 is fixed on the mounting base plate 1, the portal frame 7 comprises a portal frame bracket 701 connected with the mounting base plate 1, a portal frame beam 702 is arranged at the top of the portal frame bracket 701, an X-axis workbench 10 is fixed on the portal frame beam 702, and a Z-axis workbench 9 is fixed on the X-axis workbench 10 and is vertical to the horizontal mounting base plate 1; the Z-axis installation platform 8 is fixed on the Z-axis workbench 9, a nozzle bracket 14 is fixed on the Z-axis installation platform 8, a nozzle seat 15 is arranged on the nozzle bracket 14, and a printing nozzle 16 perpendicular to the installation base plate 1 is arranged on the nozzle seat 15; the vertical observation camera 11 is fixed on a vertical camera bracket 12, and the vertical camera bracket 12 is arranged on the Z-axis installation platform 8, is arranged on one side of the nozzle 16 and is vertical to the installation base plate 1; the strabism observation camera 5 is fixed on the strabism camera bracket 6, the strabism camera bracket 6 is arranged on the Z-axis installation platform 8 and is arranged on the other side of the nozzle 16, a certain angle is formed between the strabism observation camera and the installation base plate 1, and the angle is adjusted at will between 0 and 80 degrees; the LED light source 17 and the far infrared curing light source 18 are arranged on the light source bracket 13 and are arranged on the opposite side of the strabismus observation camera 5, and the angle can be adjusted at will between 0 and 80 degrees; the signal generator 19 is connected with a high-voltage power supply 20, and the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply 20 is connected with the printing nozzle 16; the lifting platform 2 is arranged on the mounting bottom plate 1, the storage bottle 3 is arranged on the lifting platform 2, and the storage bottle 3 is connected with the printing nozzle 16 and the back pressure adjusting module 4.
The printing nozzle 16 is a stainless steel nozzle, a wucaner needle, a glass needle (needle metal spraying conductive treatment), or the like, and has an inner diameter in the range of 0.1-200 μm.
The back pressure regulating module 4 comprises a precise pressure regulating valve, a connecting pipeline and an air pressure source, and the air pressure source adopts a high-purity nitrogen cylinder preferentially. The working range of the precise pressure regulating valve is as follows: 0.1-8bar.
The lifting table 2, the storage bottle 3 and the back pressure adjusting module 4 form a feeding module, so that stable and continuous feeding of printing materials in the printing process is realized, and the supply quantity of the materials can be accurately adjusted. The storage bottle is made of nonmetal material and has a capacity of 0-500ml; two stages of adjustment feed (air pressure and liquid level difference). The transfusion pipeline is made of opaque material, and the pipe diameter is matched with the needle adapter. During feeding, the air pipe in the storage bottle is positioned above the liquid level, the liquid supply pipe is positioned below the liquid level, and the storage bottle 3 is fixed on the lifting table 2.
The vacuum adsorption platform 22 is a vacuum adsorption platform with a heating function, and is heated by a heating rod, wherein the heating temperature is 50 ℃ at most, and the size is 130mm multiplied by 130mm. It has insulating and heat conducting properties.
The X-axis workbench, the Y-axis workbench and the Z-axis workbench form a motion module. The X-axis workbench, the Y-axis workbench can be driven by a linear motor, and the Z-axis workbench can be driven by a high-resolution stepping motor. The X-axis worktable, the Y-axis worktable and the Z-axis worktable can also adopt high-precision piezoelectric driving.
In this embodiment, the X-axis table 10 is a linear motor module with an effective stroke of 200mm, a repeated positioning accuracy of not less than + -0.3 μm, an absolute positioning accuracy of not less than + -0.6 μm, a maximum speed of 700mm/s, and a maximum acceleration of 100m/s 2.
The Y-axis workbench 23 is a linear motor module, the effective stroke is 200mm, the repeated positioning precision is not lower than +/-0.3 microns, the absolute positioning precision is not lower than +/-0.6 microns, the maximum speed is 700mm/s, and the maximum acceleration is 100m/s 2.
The Z-axis workbench 9 adopts a high-resolution stepping motor and a precise grating, the stroke is 50 mm, and the absolute positioning precision is 1 micrometer.
The X-axis worktable, the Y-axis worktable and the Z-axis worktable can also adopt high-precision piezoelectric driving.
The high-voltage pulse power supply 20 has the following function and outputs a dc high voltage; outputting alternating-current high voltage; pulsed dc high voltage is output and bias voltage can be set. The set bias voltage range is continuously adjustable in 0-2KV, the DC high voltage is 0-5KV, the output pulse DC voltage is 0- +/-4 KV and the output pulse frequency is 0-3000 Hz. Alternating high voltage of 0- +/-4 KV.
The vacuum adsorption platform 22 has insulating and heat conducting properties. Heating is carried out within the range of 0-120 ℃.
And the strabismus observation camera, the vertical observation camera and the LED light source form an observation module. The strabismus observation camera 5 and the vertical observation camera 11 are industrial cameras or high-resolution CCDs, and 8-magnification lenses are adopted.
The far infrared curing light source 18 is a fine spot laser with a spot diameter of less than 0.1 mm.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a working method of a high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer is provided, and specific process steps for printing a formed part are as follows:
step 1: and (3) initializing printing, wherein the X-axis workbench, the Y-axis workbench and the Z-axis workbench are moved to a printing original position. The heating temperature of the vacuum adsorption platform is set according to the specific printing material.
Step 2: the Z-axis workbench drives the spray head to move downwards, so that the printing nozzle reaches a set height, and the LED light source, the far infrared curing light source, the vertical observation camera and the strabismus observation camera are started. Positioning is assisted by using a vertical observation camera; the morphology of the micro-droplets (shape and size of taylor cone) at the nozzle is observed by a strabismus observation camera, and ideal taylor cone and cone jet are obtained by adjusting the technological parameters.
Step 3: selecting a printing mode: pulsed cone jet mode or continuous cone jet mode or alternating high voltage mode. If a large-size macrostructure is printed, a continuous cone jet mode is adopted, direct-current high voltage is adopted, the voltage is adjusted, and the movement of the workbench is combined, so that the high-precision manufacturing of any complex pattern is realized.
Step 4: and starting a signal generator and a pulse direct current high voltage, and adjusting printing process parameters such as voltage, frequency, duty ratio and the like by using a strabismus observation camera to obtain an ideal Taylor cone and stable cone jet.
Step 5: and high-precision manufacturing of any complex structure or pattern is realized by combining the movement of the workbench. Meanwhile, by utilizing the strabismus observation camera, the whole printing process is observed and monitored in real time, and the accuracy and quality of the printed pattern are ensured.
Step 6: if a multilayer structure is required to be printed, after the printing of the first layer is finished, the layer thickness is raised by one layer height, the accurate positioning of the vertical observation camera is combined, the printed entity surface is taken as a target printing position, the deposition printing of the next layer section is continued, and the circulation is performed until the printing of all the layers is finished, and finally the three-dimensional entity/structure is formed.
Step 7: and turning off the signal generator, the high-voltage power supply, the vacuum adsorption platform, the precise pressure regulating valve, the LED light source, the far infrared curing light source, the vertical observation camera, the strabismus observation camera and the like, returning the X-axis workbench, the Y-axis workbench and the Z-axis workbench to the original stations, and taking down the formed workpiece from the substrate.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer which uses a photosensitive polymer as a printing material and a silicon wafer as a printing base material, and the specific printing process for realizing high-precision jet deposition comprises the following steps:
step 1: the printing is initialized, and the X-axis table 10, the Y-axis table 23, and the Z-axis table 9 are moved to the printing home position. The heating temperature of the vacuum adsorption stage was set at 40 degrees.
Step 2: the Z-axis workbench 9 moves downwards to enable the printing nozzle 16 to reach a position with a distance of 100 micrometers from the substrate 21, the LED light source 17, the far infrared curing light source 18, the vertical observation camera 11 and the oblique view observation camera 5 are started, the change of the micro-droplet morphology (Taylor cone) at the tip of the printing nozzle 16 is observed by utilizing the oblique view camera 5, and the back pressure, the voltage and other technological parameters are regulated to ensure that ideal Taylor cone and stable cone jet flow are obtained. The printing speed of the X-axis table 10 and the Y-axis table 23 was set to 200mm/s.
Step 3: in the embodiment, a sub-microscale pattern is printed, a pulse cone jet mode is selected, and bias voltage and pulse direct current high voltage are adopted.
Step 4: the signal generator 19 and the DC high voltage pulse power supply 20 are turned on, the bias voltage is set to 1000V, the voltage of the high voltage pulse is set to 800V, the frequency is 1000HZ, and the duty ratio is 55%.
Step 5: printing of a one-layer pattern is achieved by movement of the X-axis table 10 and the Y-axis table 23 according to the print file G code, or a print path set in advance. And by utilizing the strabismus observation camera, the whole printing process is observed and monitored in real time, and the precision, quality and stability of the printed pattern are ensured.
Step 6: when printing the second layer and above, according to the set layering thickness, the Z-axis workbench 9 is raised by one layer thickness height (layer thickness height of 1 micron in this embodiment), and the accurate positioning of the vertical observation camera 11 is matched, the printed entity surface is used as the target printing position, the deposition printing of the next layer (second layer) section is continued, and the circulation is performed until the printing of all layers is completed, and finally the three-dimensional entity/structure is formed.
Step 7: the signal generator 19, the pulse direct current high-voltage power supply 20, the vacuum adsorption platform 22, the back pressure adjusting module 4, the LED light source 17, the far infrared curing light source 18, the vertical observation camera 11, the oblique view observation camera 5 and the like are turned off, the X-axis workbench 10, the Y-axis workbench 23 and the Z-axis workbench 9 are returned to the original stations, and the formed workpiece is taken off from the substrate 21.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (3)
1. The high-precision electric field driven jet deposition 3D printer is characterized by comprising a mounting bottom plate, wherein a Y-axis workbench is arranged on the mounting bottom plate, a vacuum adsorption platform is fixed on the Y-axis workbench, a printing substrate is adsorbed on the vacuum adsorption platform, a printing nozzle and a vertical observation camera are correspondingly arranged above the printing substrate, the printing nozzle and the vertical observation camera are connected to a Z-axis workbench, and the Z-axis workbench is fixed on an X-axis workbench; one side of the printing nozzle is correspondingly provided with a strabismus observation camera, and the other side of the printing nozzle is correspondingly provided with an LED light source and a far infrared curing light source; the printing nozzle is communicated with the storage bottle, and the storage bottle is arranged on the lifting table;
the mounting baseplate is provided with a portal frame, the portal frame comprises a portal frame bracket connected with the mounting baseplate, the top of the portal frame bracket is provided with a portal frame cross beam, and the X-axis workbench is fixed on the portal frame cross beam;
the Z-axis workbench is connected with a nozzle bracket, a nozzle seat is fixed on the nozzle bracket, and the printing nozzle is fixed on the nozzle seat; a Z-axis installation platform is fixed on the Z-axis workbench, a vertical camera bracket is fixed on the Z-axis installation platform, and a vertical observation camera is fixed on the vertical camera bracket; the vertical observation camera is arranged at one side of the printing nozzle and is vertical to the mounting bottom plate; the Z-axis installation platform is provided with a strabismus camera bracket, and the strabismus observation camera is fixed on the strabismus camera bracket; the strabismus observation camera and the mounting bottom plate have an included angle which can be adjusted between 0 and 80 degrees;
the LED light source and the far infrared curing light source are fixed on a light source bracket, and the light source bracket is fixed on the Z-axis mounting platform; the LED light source and the far infrared curing light source have an included angle with the mounting bottom plate, and the included angle can be adjusted between 0 and 80 degrees;
the storage bottle is connected with the back pressure adjusting module; the printing nozzle is connected with the positive electrode of the high-voltage pulse power supply, and the high-voltage pulse power supply is connected with the signal generator;
the conductive nozzle is only connected with the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply, and the substrate which is not grounded is used as a counter electrode, so that a stable electric field required by the cone jet flow is formed through electrostatic induction, and printing of any height and substrate shape is realized;
three print modes are set:
if the printing material is a conductive material, selecting an alternating-current high-voltage printing mode, and adjusting voltage and frequency to print;
if a large-size macrostructure is printed, a continuous cone jet flow mode is selected, direct-current high voltage is adopted, and the voltage is adjusted for printing;
if a high-precision micro-feature structure is printed, a pulse cone jet mode is selected, bias voltage and high-voltage direct current pulse voltage are adopted, the shape and the size of a Taylor cone are controlled by using the bias voltage, stable cone jet spraying is realized by using the high-voltage direct current pulse voltage, charge supply is continuously carried out by using the bias voltage, a signal generator and a high-voltage pulse direct source are started, and printing process parameters are adjusted by using a strabismus observation camera to print.
2. A method of operating a printer according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: initializing printing, wherein the X-axis workbench, the Y-axis workbench and the Z-axis workbench are moved to a printing original position; setting the heating temperature of the vacuum adsorption platform according to the printing material;
step 2: the Z-axis workbench moves downwards to enable the printing nozzle to reach a preset height, an LED light source, a far infrared curing light source, a vertical observation camera and a strabismus observation camera are started, and the vertical camera is used for assisting in positioning; observing the shape of the micro-droplet at the nozzle by using a strabismus observation camera;
step 3: selecting a printing mode: pulsed cone jet mode or continuous cone jet mode or alternating high voltage mode; printing to form a three-dimensional entity structure by combining the movement of the workbench, and performing real-time observation and monitoring by using a strabismus observation camera in the printing process;
step 4: closing each working part, returning the X-axis workbench, the Y-axis workbench and the Z-axis workbench to the original stations, and taking down the three-dimensional solid structure from the printing substrate;
if the printing material is a conductive material, selecting an alternating-current high-voltage printing mode, and adjusting voltage and frequency to print;
if a large-size macrostructure is printed, a continuous cone jet flow mode is selected, direct-current high voltage is adopted, and the voltage is adjusted for printing;
if the high-precision micro-feature structure is printed, a pulse cone jet flow mode is selected, a signal generator and a high-voltage pulse direct source are started, and printing process parameters are adjusted to print by using a strabismus observation camera.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein if a multi-layer structure is to be printed, the printing nozzle is raised by one layer thickness after the printing of the first layer is finished, and the positioning of the vertical observation camera is combined, the printed solid surface is used as a target printing position, and the deposition printing of the next layer of section is continued, so that the cycle is performed until the printing of all layers is finished, and finally the three-dimensional solid structure is formed.
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