CN107926984A - 一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂,针对水环境中底栖的蚊子和吸血虫的幼虫有定向杀灭作用,是一种能大量分泌内毒素和外毒素,使蚊子和吸血昆虫的幼虫停止取食,最后饥饿而死的生物杀虫剂;其组成包含苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt、沸石粉、重钙粉、钠基膨润土;经充分混合后,低温加工的生物杀虫剂。本发明公开的一种水环境的生物杀虫剂,是对人畜无毒,使用安全,环境友好的微生物杀虫剂,具有经济效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境卫生环保技术领域,具体涉及一种水环境生物杀虫剂。
背景技术
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)是一种微生物杀虫剂,对人、畜及害虫天敌极少或完全没有毒害作用,不污染环境,在保持生态平衡和农业、林业、卫生害虫的生物防治中占有重要地位。它是生长在土壤、空气、植物叶表、贮藏物、死亡昆虫体内的一种能在营养体生长和芽饱形成期间产生多种毒素的革兰氏阳性细菌,在世界范围内从高山到平地、从积雪到地下水、从沃土到沙漠均有分布。它最早发现于家蚕的碎倒病,1909年,Berllne从德国苏云金省(Turingien)的一个面粉厂寄出的一批染病地中海粉螟中分离到一种杆菌,1915年4月他详细描述了该菌的形态和培养特征,并将其定名为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis,简称Bt),1938年Bt首次成为商品。苏云金芽饱杆菌最初被认为是昆虫的病原菌,而且它的生物活性主要归功于伴胞晶体。后来实践证明,苏云金芽孢杆菌实际上是多种土壤的组分。
目前,在世界范围内,Bt生物农药的研究开发与应用技术已达到国际先进水平。新型发酵设备的出现、发酵吨位的提高,工业发酵技术的成熟,发酵液处理技术的完善以及剂型的多样化都无疑为我国Bt生物农药产业发展创造了条件。Bt细菌的蛋白质毒素在人和家畜、家禽的胃肠中不起作用,因此对人畜无毒,使用安全。专利CN107254426A一种杀蚊子幼虫的苏云金芽孢杆菌及其应用,虽然也是灭杀蚊子幼虫,但组成单一。专利CN101953386A颗粒杀灭蚊子幼虫制剂,成分包括凹凸棒陶粒滤料45%、植物源杀虫剂的乙醇萃取液30%、膏状凹凸棒石粘土15%和乙醇10%。此发明有机物含量相对较高,不利于环境友好。
鉴于生物杀虫剂的现状,开发一种环境友好、用途广泛、使用安全、制备简单的水环境生物杀虫剂,将具有较高的经济效益和社会效益。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题:开发一种环境友好、使用安全、制备简单的水环境生物杀虫剂。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案是:提供一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂,其组份组成包含苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt、沸石粉和重钙粉;所述组份经充分混合后,低温加工制成。
优选的,所述水环境包括:河流、景观湖、污水沟及浅水洼滋生蚊虫和吸血昆虫的水域;
优选的,所述生物杀虫剂加工为颗粒状;目的是能沉到水底,并在水底释放出生物杀虫剂,所述杀虫剂能够用于杀灭在底泥中活动的蚊子和吸血虫的幼虫。颗粒状杀虫剂优于粉状和溶剂类杀虫剂的特点是:粉状杀虫剂不易沉于水底,对底栖的蚊子及吸血幼虫的杀灭作用有限,溶剂类杀虫剂撒在水中药效容易被稀释。
优选的,其组份配比为:苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt:1-2份;沸石粉:4-5份和重钙粉:3-4份;
优选的,所述苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt,是对蚊子幼虫及吸血虫幼虫具有定向杀灭作用的微生物杀虫剂,其毒素蛋白≥2.0%,毒力效≥16000IU/MG;
优选的,所述沸石粉作为吸附剂,其细度为200至300目的超细沸石粉,其比表面积在≥500㎡/kg;
优选的,所述填充剂重钙粉是石灰石为原料经磨粉加工成白色粉体,其主要成份为CaCO3,细度为200-300目,碳酸钙含量≥90%;
本发明各种原料发挥的技术效果:
1、苏云金芽孢杆菌:Bt对生物幼虫又灭杀作用,不同龄期所施药浓度有差异,龄期越小,施用浓度越低。对于蚊子和吸血昆虫幼虫时,应尽早施药,最好是在蚊虫I,II龄期进行灭杀,另外,根据各龄期所需浓度不同,应尽量施用低浓度的药量以尽可能减少对环境的影响。
2、沸石粉:沸石粉具备作添加剂预混物的载体和稀释剂的各种基本条件,沸石呈中性pH在7~7.5之间,其含水时仅3.4~3.9%,且不易受潮与含有结晶水的无机盐微量成份混和能吸附其中的水分,增强杀虫剂的流动性。沸石粉表面粗糙和具有的多孔结构,使其具有较强的携载能力,不但能使物料均匀地吸附在表面,而且能吸附到孔穴和通道内,提高了物料的可利用性也大大改善混合的均匀性。同时能适当延长微量成份的释放时间更有利于动物吸收。另外,沸石可以按要求加工,一般可在30目到200目之间任意选择。
3、重钙粉:由于比表面积和吸油值小,与树脂混合较容易;相同填充量下填充材料的体积小、密度大;不同原料的杂质种类和含量不同,制品的色泽不稳定。而轻质碳酸钙由于可以根据不同应用要求调控颗粒晶形,适用性好;由于沉降体积大或堆积密度小,同样填充量下可增加制品的体积;由于杂质较少,制品的色差均匀;由于原级粒度小,同样填充量下填充材料的力学性能较好。
4钠基膨润土由于钠化条件不一,失效温度不一,钠基膨润土较之钙基膨润土的物理化学性质和工艺技术性能优越。主要表现在:吸水速度慢,但吸水率和膨胀倍数大;阳离子交换量高;在水介质中分散性好,胶质价高;它的胶体悬浮液触变性、粘度、润滑性好,pH值高;热稳定性好;有较高的可塑性和较强的粘结性;热湿拉强度和干压强度高。所以钠基膨润土的使用价值和经济价值较高。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、针对水环境中对蚊子和吸血虫的幼虫有定向杀灭作用,是一种能大量分泌内毒素(伴胞晶体)和外毒素,使蚊子和吸血昆虫的幼虫停止取食,最后饥饿而死亡。
2、能有效控制河流、景观湖、水塘、污水沟及浅水洼滋生蚊虫,防止蚊传疫情的发生与发展。
3、能清洁底泥与水体,提高人畜的亲水安全性。
4、颗粒剂能够沉入水底,对底栖的蚊子和吸血虫的幼虫具有杀灭作用。
5、该杀虫剂为纯生物制剂,只对杀灭蚊子和吸血虫幼虫有特效。
6、对环境无污染,零排放,对农作物危害小等诸多优点。
具体实施方式
提供一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂,其组份组成包含苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt、沸石粉和重钙粉;所述组份经充分混合后,低温加工制成。
其中,所述水环境包括:河流、景观湖、污水沟及浅水洼滋生蚊虫和吸血昆虫的水域;
其中,所述生物杀虫剂的状态为颗粒;所述颗粒能够用于杀灭在水中底栖的蚊子和吸血虫的幼虫;
其中,其组份配比为:苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt:10-20%;沸石粉:30-40%;重钙粉:30-40%;钠基膨润土:0-30%
其中,所述苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt,是对蚊子幼虫及吸血虫幼虫具有定向杀灭作用的微生物杀虫剂,其毒素蛋白≥2.0%,毒力效价≥50000IU/MG。
其中,所述沸石粉作为吸附剂,其细度为200-300目的超细沸石粉,其比表面积在≥500㎡/kg;
其中,所述填充剂重钙粉是石灰石为原料经磨粉加工成白色粉体,其主要成份为CaCO3,细度为200-300目,碳酸钙含量≥90%。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂,其特征在于,其组份组成包含苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt、沸石粉、重钙粉、钠基膨润土;所述组份经充分混合后,低温加工制成。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述水环境包括:河流、景观湖、污水沟及浅水洼滋生蚊虫和吸血昆虫的水域。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述生物杀虫剂加工为颗粒状;目的是能沉到水底,并在水底释放出生物杀虫剂,所述杀虫剂能够用于杀灭在底泥中活动的蚊子和吸血虫的幼虫。颗粒状杀虫剂优于粉状和溶剂类杀虫剂的特点是:粉状杀虫剂不易沉于水底,对底栖的蚊子及吸血幼虫的杀灭作用有限,溶剂类杀虫剂撒在水中药效容易被稀释。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂,其特征在于,其组份配比为:苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt:10-20%;沸石粉:30-40%;重钙粉:30-40%;钠基膨润土:0-30%。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt,是对蚊子幼虫及吸血虫幼虫具有定向杀灭作用的微生物杀虫剂,其毒素蛋白≥2.0%,毒力效价≥50000IU/MG。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述沸石粉作为吸附剂,其细度为200-300目的超细沸石粉,其比表面积在≥500㎡/kg。
7.如权利要求4所述的一种用于水环境的生物杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述填充剂重钙粉是石灰石为原料经磨粉加工成白色粉体,其主要成份为CaCO3,细度为200-300目,碳酸钙含量≥90%。
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CN102027999A (zh) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-04-27 | 黑龙江大学 | 一种含有普鲁兰多糖的苏云金芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂及其制备方法 |
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