CN107926646A - A kind of soil moisture control direction of motion simultaneously improves the abductive approach of infiltration rate - Google Patents
A kind of soil moisture control direction of motion simultaneously improves the abductive approach of infiltration rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN107926646A CN107926646A CN201711099048.2A CN201711099048A CN107926646A CN 107926646 A CN107926646 A CN 107926646A CN 201711099048 A CN201711099048 A CN 201711099048A CN 107926646 A CN107926646 A CN 107926646A
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- induction bag
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- soil moisture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion and the abductive approach of infiltration rate is improved, is specifically implemented according to following steps:Step 1, ground is carried out by checkerboard type division according to ground vegetation state first;Step 2, it is selected to arrange induction bag specification according to the size of checker;Step 3, induction bag landfill.The direction of motion of energy soil moisture control simultaneously improves Infiltration speed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural irrigation method and technology field, is related to a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion and improves and infiltrates
The abductive approach of speed.
Background technology
Moisture movement is the physical process that water occurs in the soil under molecular force, capillary attraction and gravity.Arrive
Water up to ground only enter soil reach around crop root just can by crop utilization, and when soil surface has ponding,
If the infiltration rate of water can be increased, surface area water evaporation can have both been reduced, can also realize that high-efficiency agriculture is irrigated.According to grinding at present
Study carefully, the factor for influencing soil water movement mainly has:The soil texture, soilo stucture, antecedent soil moisture, way of supplying water with it is strong
Degree, water supply quality and the soil moisture.For these major influence factors, numerous studies propose a variety of increase soil infiltration sides
Method, can be roughly divided into engineering measure and chemical method.The former mainly includes turning over, vegetation etc..Wherein turn over is in engineering measure
Most common method, this method act on soil by the mechanical forces of agricultural machinery and implement, adjust topsoil quality and construction,
Promote to ooze under moisture, but turn over and must be carried out in the period of field does not have plant growth before broadcasting or after harvest, be not suitable for protecting
Tillage condition;Vegetation also has facilitation to water infiltration, this is because reallocation and shrubbery root of the shrubbery to rainfall
It is that network changes soil infiltration characteristics, but this method implementation time is longer, and it is only applicable to bare place.Chemical method promotees
The method oozed under into soil moisture mainly has using phosphate fertilizer according to current research, applies water-retaining agent, application charcoal etc..Using phosphorus
Fertilizer is obvious to soil bacterial diversity water increasing action, but excessive phosphate fertilizer use is likely to cause underground water pollution and battalion of rivers Shuifu County
Fosterization;Water-retaining agent is to utilize a kind of high molecular polymer of superelevation water-absorbing-retaining ability, Yin Qigao made of strong absorptive resin
Water imbibition promotes to ooze under moisture, but high molecular polymer cannot recycle after implementation, and soil is caused to pollute for a long time;Apply
Charcoal is restricted the facilitation oozed under moisture by method of application and the common of dosage, and method is more complicated.Green-Ampt leads to
The analysis to soil water movement feature and soil moisture content distribution and generalization are crossed, proposes ground moistening sharp side level and wetting front
Face there are suction that immobilizes it is assumed that Green-Ampt is proposed on the basis of Darcy's law infiltrates formula, wherein
Comprising two parameters, first, saturated hydraulic conductivity, another is wetting zone suction.So if it is capable of providing an additional suction
Power, oozes that can effectively facilitate under soil moisture, and the present invention is exactly the method oozed under a kind of promotion moisture proposed accordingly, right
Have the characteristics that applicable elements are wide, pollution-free, easy to operate than current existing method.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion and improve the abductive approach of infiltration rate, energy
The direction of motion of soil moisture control simultaneously improves Infiltration speed.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is that a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion simultaneously improves the induction of infiltration rate
Method, specifically implements according to following steps:
Step 1, ground is carried out by checkerboard type division according to ground vegetation state first;
Step 2, it is selected to arrange induction bag specification according to the size of checker;
Step 3, induction bag landfill.
Step 1 is specially:According to ground vegetation growth status, ground is subjected to checkerboard type division, vegetation root system during division
In checker, dividing line is between adjacent vegetation.
Induction bag in step 2 is cylinder, is induced between the cylindrical radius r of bag and induction bag control range radius R
Relation is:R=0.08R, wherein 0.08 is linear relationship coefficient, induces bag control range radius R=0.5L, wherein, L is each
The length of side L of checker, induces the cylinder height h=0.15L-0.25L of bag.
Vegetation root system is located at checker middle during division.
When step 3 carries out induction bag landfill, four interior angles to each checker respectively fill an induction bag, induction
The landfill depth of bag is:Induction bag top should be less than ground surface 2-10cm.
Carry out digging induction bag placement hole in each checker vertex in step 3, it is trapezoidal, hole to cheat in vertical section
Low a diameter of 1.2-1.4 times of induction bag diameter, crater wall gradient is 75 °.
Induction bag production method be:
Step a, according to the size of required induction bag, chooses the induction bag material for making induction bag, with induction bag material
Material manufactures size and is:Width edge length is d=π r, and long edge lengths c, wherein c > h, obtain induction bag, then that one end of broadside is close
Envelope, another end opening;
Step b, water-absorbing material is filled into induction bag according to certain density, then unencapsulated one end carries out
Inflection seals, the length m=c-h of inflection, forms complete induction bag.
When making induction bag, sealed at sealing using waterproof material.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the present invention provides a kind of method that can effectively improve moisture infiltration rate.It our experiments show that, this method can
So that moisture infiltration rate improves 30% to 40%.Speed is obviously improved, and can realize that moisture oozes under quick.
(2) present invention there is control to make the distribution of moisture in the horizontal direction while moisture infiltration rate is improved
With.The invention can be such that moisture concentrates on around crop root, improve water use efficiency, realize water-saving irrigation.
(3) present invention in implementation process, induction bag it is recyclable is used for multiple times, and in implementation process will not large area break
Bad state of ground.Therefore the present invention is pollution-free, is adapted to no-tillage, and all lasting within the whole breeding time of crop it can play work
With.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion of the present invention and with improving in the abductive approach embodiment of infiltration rate
Face division signal;
Fig. 2 is a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion of the present invention and improves and lured in the abductive approach embodiment of infiltration rate
Lead bag schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion of the present invention and improves and lured in the abductive approach embodiment of infiltration rate
Lead the schematic diagram after bag inflection;
Fig. 4 is a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion of the present invention and improves and lured in the abductive approach embodiment of infiltration rate
Lead the schematic diagram that bag places hole;
Fig. 5 is a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion of the present invention and improves single in the abductive approach embodiment of infiltration rate
Solely the specific implementation of induction bag uses schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the stereogram of Fig. 5;
A kind of Fig. 7 soil moisture control directions of motion of the present invention simultaneously improve multiple in the abductive approach embodiment of infiltration rate
Induction bag influences situation schematic diagram after implementing.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The present invention provides a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion and improve the abductive approach of infiltration rate, specifically according to
Following steps are implemented:
Step 1, ground is carried out by checkerboard type division according to ground vegetation state first;
Step 2, it is selected to arrange induction bag specification according to the size of checker;
Step 3, induction bag landfill.
Step 1 is specially:According to ground vegetation growth status, ground is subjected to checkerboard type division, vegetation root system during division
In checker, dividing line is between adjacent vegetation.
Induction bag in step 2 is cylinder, is induced between the cylindrical radius r of bag and induction bag control range radius R
Relation is:R=0.08R, induction bag control range radius R=0.5L, wherein L are the length of side of each checker, and 0.08 is line
Sexual intercourse coefficient, induces the cylinder height h=0.15L-0.25L of bag.
Vegetation root system is located at checker middle during division.
When step 3 carries out induction bag landfill, the vertex to each checker respectively fills an induction bag, induction bag
Landfill depth be:Induction bag top should be less than ground surface 2-10cm.
Carry out digging induction bag placement hole in each checker vertex in step 3, it is trapezoidal, hole to cheat in vertical section
Low a diameter of 1.2-1.4 times of induction bag diameter, crater wall gradient is 75 °.
Induction bag production method be:
Step a, according to the size of required induction bag, chooses the induction bag material for making induction bag, is wrapped with the induction
Bag material manufactures size and is:Width edge length is d=π r, and long edge lengths c, wherein c > h, obtain induction bag, then by the one of broadside
End sealing, another end opening;
Step b, water-absorbing material is filled into induction bag according to certain density, then unencapsulated one end carries out
Inflection seals, the length m=c-h of inflection, forms complete induction bag.
When making induction bag, sealed at sealing using waterproof material.
The principle of the present invention is:
According to soil water movement equation, induced and wrapped by manual manufacture, the artificial energy for changing soil moisture, carries
For additional soil water suction, change wet gradient, induce soil water movement, improve moisture infiltration rate and control moisture movement
Direction.
In energy point of view, soil water movement submits to thermodynamics second theorem, always from the high ground oriented energy of energy
Low place is mobile.According to classical physics, energy that material has can be divided into kinetic energy and potential energy, and soil water movement speed
It is relatively slow, the generally kinetic energy without considering soil moisture, therefore soil moisture potential typically refers to its potential energy.Soil moisture is had
Potential energy be divided into gravitational potential, matric potential, pressure potential and solute potential.Total soil water potential is point that all motive powers produce in soil
The summation of gesture, i.e.,
In formula,For total soil water potential;For matric potential;Solute potential;Pressure potential;Gravitational potential;Temperature potential.
In saturated soil, pressure potential and gravitational potential are only existed, i.e.,
In unsaturated soil,WithInfluence to soil water movement is all negligible, then formula (1) is reduced to
Induction bag provided by the present invention, there is provided additional soil water suction, produces additional potential, withRepresent, be
Negative value.Then in unsaturated soil, induce in bag controlled range, formula (3) is changed into
Soil water potential is calculated by formula (3) in unsaturated soil without induction bag, has in the soil that induction wraps total soil water potential by formula
(4) calculate, according to quantitative relation, can be apparent fromIn formula,For without total soil water potential in induction bag unsaturated soil;
To there is total soil water potential in induction bag unsaturated soil.
In moisture infitration process, with Water Flux in the case of Darcy's law describing one dimension, the difference of earth pillar both ends potential energy
In formula,For the difference without induction bag earth pillar both ends potential energy;To there is the difference of induction bag earth pillar both ends potential energy;For
Total soil water potential in saturated soil, is calculated by formula (2).
According to quantitative relation, hence it is evident that draw
Darcy's law is described as soil water movement under one-dimensional case
In formula, q is soil moisture flux;For the difference of earth pillar both ends potential energy;L is earth pillar length;ksLed for soil saturation
Water rate.
Formula (8) is brought into according to formula (5), (6) to can be calculated, no induction bag soil water movement flux q, and have induction bag soil
Earth moisture movement flux q ', according to quantitative relation, hence it is evident that can obtain
Q < q ' (9)
So, abductive approach provided by the present invention, can be effectively increased soil moisture flux.
To water infiltration process, Green-Ampt is by being distributed soil water movement feature and soil moisture content
Analysis and generalization, proposition ground moistening sharp side level, wetting zone there are immobilize a suction and wetting zone more than
Soil be in saturation state it is assumed that Green-Ampt is proposed on the basis of Darcy's law infiltrates formula
I=(θs-θi)zf (11)
In formula, zfFor the wetting front depth generally changed;hfFor suction at wetting front;H is surface area water depth;
θsFor saturated soil water content;θrTo be detained soil moisture content.
In technical method provided by the invention, the induction bag of manual manufacture provides artificially additional soil water suction, uses hadd
Represent, according to formula (10), then soil infiltration rate is expressed as after implementing induction bag
The soil infiltration time is expressed as into after according to formula (12), implementing induction bag
It can substantially obtain, after implementing the abductive approach, infiltration rate increase, infiltrates time reduction.
Wrapped in the vertex landfill induction of checker, then centered on crop root, in the range of an approximating square,
It is subject to four apex angle induction bags while influences, moisture infiltration rate is most fast, and moisture highest.The approximating square length of side is about
For
L=0.6L (18)
For each checker field, after implementing induction bag, its vertex moisture is less, and center section moisture contains
Amount is higher, and moisture is concentrated on around crop root, realizes water-saving irrigation.
The induction bag of manual manufacture of the present invention, artificially changes hydraulic gradient, oozes direction under controllable moisture.It is each independent
Induction bag control range it is certain, and closer to induction bag soil water content it is lower, further away from induction bag soil moisture
Content is higher.
Embodiment
Step 1, checkerboard type division field.
As shown in Figure 1, according to ground vegetation state, ground is subjected to checkerboard type division, when division need to ensure vegetation as far as possible
Root system is among square, and dividing line is between adjacent vegetation, and after the completion of division, each checker field length of side is L.
Step 2, select induction bag specification and make induction bag.
In horizontal one-dimensional direction, each induction bag control range can be approximately to induce bag as the center of circle, and radius is the circle of R
Shape, and its Control Radius is equal with each square field length of side.
R=0.5L (1)
In formula, R is induction bag Control Radius;L is the checker length of side.
Induction bag height induces wired between bag radius and induction bag control range radius between h=0.15L-0.25L
Sexual intercourse, then induce bag radius
R=0.08R (2)
In formula, r is induction bag radius;0.08 is linear relationship coefficient.
Induction bag is through inducing bag to be filled with cylinder, then induces bag broadside to be calculated as according to induction bag radius
D=π r (3)
In formula, d is induction bag broadside.
Exemplified by dividing field length of side 1m, then bag Control Radius R=0.5m is induced, take induction bag height in h=0.15L=
15cm, induction bag radius is r=4cm, and induction bag broadside is then d=12.5cm.Further illustrated with this example combination attached drawing.
As shown in Fig. 2, the rectangle bag of long c=18cm, width d=12.5cm, broadside one are made of induction bag material
End sealing, another end opening facilitate packing material.When making bag, need to prevent from leaking into water with waterproof material to gap sealing
Water.
As shown in figure 3, the cylinder that water-absorbing material is filled into bag to radius 4cm according to certain density induces
Bag, due to h=c-m=15cm, then m=3, then seals remaining 3cm inflection, forms complete induction bag.
Step 3, induction bag landfill.
As shown in figure 4, dig pit in each square vertex.Hole is trapezoidal in vertical section, and depth is at least than luring
The highly high 2cm of bag is led, at most wraps highly high 10cm than induction;Cheat bottom diameter and about induce 1.2 times of bag diameter, crater wall gradient is
75°.The destruction ground original appearance as few as possible while convenient working.
As shown in Figure 5, as shown in fig. 6, bag inflection will be induced to seal, one end is downward, is vertically put into the hole dug.Fill out
Bury soil density to be consistent with surrounding nature soil, and induce bag top to be less than ground surface 2-10cm, top is covered with soil
Lid, mulching soil density are consistent with surrounding nature soil.
As shown in fig. 7, induction bag influences situation.Induction bag is filled in each checker field vertex.With crop
Centered on root system, in the range of an approximating square, it is subject to four apex angle induction bags while influences, moisture infiltration rate is most fast,
And moisture highest.The approximating square length of side is about l=0.6L=0.6m.
For each square field, after implementing induction bag, its vertex moisture is less, center section moisture
It is higher, moisture is concentrated on around crop root, realizes water-saving irrigation.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion simultaneously improves the abductive approach of infiltration rate, it is characterised in that specifically according to
Lower step is implemented:
Step 1, ground is carried out by checkerboard type division according to ground vegetation state first;
Step 2, it is selected to arrange induction bag specification according to the size of checker;
Step 3, induction bag landfill.
2. a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion according to claim 1 simultaneously improves the abductive approach of infiltration rate, its
It is characterized in that, the step 1 is specially:According to ground vegetation growth status, ground is subjected to checkerboard type division, vegetation during division
Root system is located in checker, and dividing line is between adjacent vegetation.
3. a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion according to claim 1 simultaneously improves the abductive approach of infiltration rate, its
It is characterized in that, the induction bag described in step 2 is cylinder, cylindrical radius r and the induction bag control range half of the induction bag
Relation between the R of footpath is:R=0.08R, wherein induction bag control range radius R=0.5L, L are the length of side of each checker,
0.08 is linear relationship coefficient, the cylinder height h=0.15L-0.25L of the induction bag.
4. a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion according to claim 2 simultaneously improves the abductive approach of infiltration rate, its
It is characterized in that, vegetation root system is located at checker middle during division.
5. a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion according to claim 3 simultaneously improves the abductive approach of infiltration rate, its
It is characterized in that, when step 3 carries out induction bag landfill, the vertex to each checker respectively fills an induction bag, described
Induction bag landfill depth be:Induction bag top should be less than ground surface 2-10cm.
6. a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion according to claim 3 or 5 simultaneously improves the abductive approach of infiltration rate,
It is characterized in that, carrying out digging induction bag placement hole in step 3 in each checker vertex, it is ladder to cheat in vertical section
Shape, low a diameter of 1.2-1.4 times of the induction bag diameter in hole, crater wall gradient is 75 °.
7. a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion according to claim 6 simultaneously improves the abductive approach of infiltration rate, its
It is characterized in that, the production method of the induction bag is:
Step a, according to the size of required induction bag, chooses the induction bag material for making induction bag, with the induction bag material
Material manufactures size and is:Width edge length is d=π r, and long edge lengths c, wherein c > h, obtain induction bag, then that one end of broadside is close
Envelope, another end opening;
Step b, water-absorbing material is filled into induction bag according to certain density, then unencapsulated one end carries out inflection
Sealing, the length m=c-h of inflection, forms complete induction bag.
8. a kind of soil moisture control direction of motion according to claim 7 simultaneously improves the abductive approach of infiltration rate, its
It is characterized in that, when making induction bag, is sealed at sealing using waterproof material.
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Cited By (1)
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CN108951353A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-12-07 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of abductive approach improving water-permeable brick ground moisture infiltration rate |
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