CN107921678B - 装饰件的制造方法 - Google Patents

装饰件的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN107921678B
CN107921678B CN201680043973.0A CN201680043973A CN107921678B CN 107921678 B CN107921678 B CN 107921678B CN 201680043973 A CN201680043973 A CN 201680043973A CN 107921678 B CN107921678 B CN 107921678B
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carrier element
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CN107921678A (zh
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B·凯勒
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Hib- Trim Parts Solutions Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C45/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0053—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
    • B29C2045/0079—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping applying a coating or covering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2945/00—Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
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    • B29C2945/00—Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76655—Location of control
    • B29C2945/76772—Inserts
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    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
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    • B29C67/246—Moulding high reactive monomers or prepolymers, e.g. by reaction injection moulding [RIM], liquid injection moulding [LIM]
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    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings

Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造装饰件的方法，所述装饰件包括背面的塑料载体元件，在浇铸模具中，在过程压力下将塑料浇在所述载体元件的正面可见面上以形成表层，其特征在于，将所述载体元件固定在所述浇铸模具中，并且至少在形成所述表层期间从背面以及朝有待形成于所述正面可见面上的所述表层方向对所述载体元件施加压力，所述压力与灌浇所述塑料时的所述过程压力相对抗。

Description

装饰件的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造装饰件的方法，所述装饰件包括背面的塑料载体元件以及以浇铸方法施加于正面的塑料表层。本发明还涉及一种与所述方法配套的浇铸模具。
背景技术
装饰件在车辆内部用作遮挡元件，具有可固定在车辆上的载体元件以及选择性地施加在载体元件上且指向可见侧的材料层，例如木贴面层、铝层、碳纤维毡或皮革。在塑料浇铸模具中将塑料浇在材料层上，该塑料作为表层而形成装饰件的可见面。
现有技术是以注射成型法制造载体元件。由于几何形状往往比较复杂，载体元件背面的材料去除程度很大，导致其在部分区域内有很大的稳定性损失和强度损失。问题是，灌浇时由塑料作用在载体元件的正面可见面上的过程压力会导致载体元件局部地朝背面隆起。如此一来，施加在这些区域的表层塑料的量会增大，从而使得部件壁厚局部变大，并且与可见面上的相邻表面的衔接处变得不均匀。表层采用的是致密设计还是发泡设计，在此无关紧要。一旦浇铸方法完成后过程压力减退，载体元件便恢复原状，部件壁厚的局部增大会作为反方向上的隆起物被看到，实际上是作为可见面上的小圆丘被看到。在此，几微米的部件壁厚差就已经能够被人眼发现。这就需要再通过附加的后加工过程来费劲地消除部件壁厚差。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种在塑料灌浇过程后不必实施后加工步骤并且能直接在浇铸模具中形成平整表面的方法。本发明的目的还在于提供一种相应的浇铸模具。
根据本发明的解决方案达成上述目的。
本发明提出一种制造装饰件的方法，该装饰件包括背面的塑料载体元件，在浇铸模具中，在过程压力下将塑料浇在载体元件的正面可见面上以形成表层，其中将载体元件固定在浇铸模具中，并且至少在形成表层期间从背面以及朝有待形成于正面可见面上的表层方向对载体元件施加压力，该压力与灌浇塑料时的过程压力相对抗。
灌浇过程期间作用于载体元件背面的压力对载体元件、特别是其材料削弱区域起稳定作用，使得载体元件在灌浇时不会隆起，而是一直保持其初始形状。
本发明方法一种特别有利的实施方案是：在浇铸模具中，朝有待形成于正面上的表层方向平面地、特别是整面地对载体元件施加压力。平面地产生作用的压力在灌浇过程期间对载体元件的所有区域起稳定作用，并且在整个表面范围内可靠地防止隆起。
在所述方法的有利实施方案中，借助被压入上模与载体元件之间的型腔内的压缩气体、特别是压缩空气来产生压力。压缩气体或压缩空气具有以下特殊优点：不同于所有液体，压缩气体或压缩空气不会在载体元件上有任何残留并且易于操作。压缩空气是最经济的方案。
为了确保压力仅作用于载体元件的背面，所述方法设置如下：在上模与载体元件之间布置密封件，密封件至少在形成表层期间将型腔密封。其中，密封件可被整合在模具或载体元件上或者被设置为附加部件。
在根据本发明的有利实施方案中，最大压力大于或等于灌浇时的最大过程压力。借此确保载体元件不会朝背面隆起。对以注射成型法制成的聚合物载体元件所施加的最大压力例如为30bar。
此外，在一实施方案中设置如下：实施所述方法时，在灌浇操作的过程压力产生作用期间保持所述压力。然而，该压力也可以在用塑料浇铸而成的表层硬化之前一直产生作用。
为了施加压力并对该压力的大小和作用时间进行控制，有利地设有控制器。该控制器进一步使得以下成为可能：以数个具有不同压力值的压力级施加压力。这样就可以在完成灌浇后逐步减小被施加的压力，以便尽量避免载体元件上的变形。
所述方法所用的灌浇塑料为聚氨酯，其中无论致密型、硬质、软质还是发泡型PUR体系，均是可用的。所述塑料可以是透明、半透明或染色的。
本发明的方法也可以将现有技术中任一种已知的常用的材料层(薄膜、木贴面、纤维毡、皮革等等)布置在载体元件的可见面上并浇上塑料，特别是聚氨酯。
本发明还包括一种配套用来实施上述制造方法的浇铸模具，包括上模和下模，上模和下模在闭合状态下在二者之间具有用于载体元件的容置空腔，载体元件的指向下模的可见面上可被浇上塑料，其中上模具有从容置空腔向外延伸的通道，通道上可连接压缩气体发生器，优选压缩空气发生器，使得容置空腔能够至少部分地被施加压缩气体，特别是压缩空气。由此，该浇铸模具允许在载体元件的背面建立平面压力，以便取得前述技术效果。
在所述浇铸模具的实施方式中进一步提出：在上模的朝下模定向的内侧上设有凹槽，凹槽内可装入用于将载体元件与上模之间的型腔密封的密封件。如此一来，型腔可被有待浇在载体元件的可见面上的塑料的区域密封，以便产生压缩空气。
在替代实施方案中设置如下：浇铸模具自身具有压缩气体发生器。举例而言，这可以通过整合空气压缩机而实现，该空气压缩机与上模中的通道连接。
控制器也可以整合在浇铸模具中，以便对压缩气体发生器、特别是压缩空气发生器所施加的压力的大小和作用时间进行控制。
附图说明
下面参照附图并结合本发明的优选实施方案予以详细说明。其中：
图1为用于实施所述方法的浇铸模具的侧面示意图。
具体实施方式
图1以侧面示意图例示性地示出包括上模3和下模2的两分式浇铸模具1。在图中示出的闭合状态下，在上模3与下模2之间形成容置空腔，载体元件5插入并固定在容置空腔中，使得容置空腔在载体元件5与下模2之间形成自由空间6，并且在载体元件5与上模3之间形成型腔9。在浇铸模具1中，在过程压力下将聚氨酯浇在载体元件5的指向下模2的可见面上以形成表层，其中过程压力朝上模3方向作用。上模具有从容置空腔或型腔9向外延伸的通道8，通道上连接有图中未示出的压缩机，以便至少在形成表层期间从背面以及朝下模2方向(也就是朝有待形成于正面可见面上的表层方向)对载体元件5施加压缩空气，且该压缩空气的压力与灌浇塑料时的过程压力相对抗。为了密封型腔9，在载体元件5与上模3之间插设有密封件4，密封件部分地在形成于上模3上且朝下模2定向的凹槽7中延伸。
实施装饰件的制造方法时，例如将以注射成型法制成的载体元件借助位于可见面上的材料层(薄膜、木贴面、纤维毡或皮革等等)固定在浇铸模具1中，使得型腔9被密封，而后借助常用的过程压力将聚氨酯压入自由空间6。与此同时，借助通道8并利用压缩空气产生作用于载体元件5的平面反压并保持该平面反压，直至过程压力可被减小。接下来也可以用数个压力级来调整压缩空气的压力。施加压力的时间点是可变的，并且可以借助图中未示出的控制器来适应塑料或者说聚氨酯的送入过程。
本发明的实施范围不限于前述优选实施例。凡是运用图示解决方案的技术变体，即便以完全不同的方式进行实施，也落入本发明的范围。举例而言，载体元件的形状和厚度以及有待施加的塑料层的形状和厚度是可变的。也包括不同的注射成型聚合物(Spritzgusspolymer)、载体结构(同质或多层)、载体壁厚、PUR体系(致密、发泡、硬质、软质)、密封件的可变布置(例如布置在浇铸模具或载体元件上)、不同的密封材料以及可变的表面结构。

Claims (16)

1.一种制造装饰件的方法，所述装饰件包括背面的塑料载体元件(5)，在浇铸模具(1)中，在过程压力下将塑料浇在所述载体元件的正面可见面上以形成表层，其特征在于，将所述载体元件(5)固定在所述浇铸模具(1)中，并且至少在形成所述表层期间从背面以及朝有待形成于所述正面可见面上的所述表层方向对所述载体元件施加压力，所述压力与灌浇所述塑料时的所述过程压力相对抗，其中借助被压入上模(3)与所述载体元件(5)之间的型腔(9)内的压缩气体来产生所述压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述压缩气体是压缩空气。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述浇铸模具(1)中，朝有待形成于所述正面上的所述表层方向平面地对所述载体元件(5)施加压力。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述上模(3)与所述载体元件(5)之间设置密封件(4)，所述密封件至少在形成所述表层期间将所述型腔(9)密封。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，最大压力大于或等于最大过程压力。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，至少在灌浇操作的所述过程压力产生作用期间保持所述压力。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，设有对被施加的压力的大小进行控制的控制器。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，以数个具有不同压力值的压力级施加所述压力。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，完成所述灌浇后逐步减小被施加的压力。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述载体元件(5)是以注射成型法制成的塑料载体。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所浇的所述塑料为聚氨酯。
12.一种用于实施根据上述权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法的浇铸模具，包括上模(3)和下模(2)，所述上模和所述下模在闭合状态下在二者之间具有用于所述载体元件(5)的容置空腔，所述载体元件的指向所述下模(2)的可见面上可被浇上塑料，其中所述上模(3)具有从所述容置空腔向外延伸的通道(8)，所述通道上可连接压缩气体发生器，使得所述容置空腔能够至少部分地被施加压缩气体。
13.根据权利要求12所述的浇铸模具，其特征在于，所述压缩气体是压缩空气。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的浇铸模具，其特征在于，在所述上模(3)的朝所述下模(2)定向的内侧上设有凹槽(7)，所述凹槽内可装入用于将所述载体元件(5)与所述上模(3)之间的型腔(9)密封的密封件(4)。
15.根据权利要求12或13所述的浇铸模具，其特征在于，所述浇铸模具具有所述压缩气体发生器。
16.根据权利要求12或13所述的浇铸模具，其特征在于，所述浇铸模具具有控制器，所述控制器对所述压缩气体发生器所施加的压力的大小进行控制。
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