CN107919943B - 二进制数据的编码、解码方法和装置 - Google Patents

二进制数据的编码、解码方法和装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107919943B
CN107919943B CN201610887650.1A CN201610887650A CN107919943B CN 107919943 B CN107919943 B CN 107919943B CN 201610887650 A CN201610887650 A CN 201610887650A CN 107919943 B CN107919943 B CN 107919943B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
bit
data
byte
bytes
binary data
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201610887650.1A
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN107919943A (zh
Inventor
徐达峰
黎三平
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Advanced Nova Technology Singapore Holding Ltd
Original Assignee
Alibaba Group Holding Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alibaba Group Holding Ltd filed Critical Alibaba Group Holding Ltd
Priority to CN201610887650.1A priority Critical patent/CN107919943B/zh
Priority to TW106131352A priority patent/TW201815074A/zh
Priority to KR1020197013004A priority patent/KR102249267B1/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2017/103429 priority patent/WO2018068634A1/zh
Priority to SG11201903176RA priority patent/SG11201903176RA/en
Priority to AU2017342863A priority patent/AU2017342863B2/en
Priority to BR112019007284A priority patent/BR112019007284A2/pt
Priority to RU2019113976A priority patent/RU2725763C1/ru
Priority to CA3040003A priority patent/CA3040003C/en
Priority to MYPI2019001978A priority patent/MY196192A/en
Priority to EP17860029.2A priority patent/EP3528389A4/en
Priority to JP2019519660A priority patent/JP6931050B2/ja
Priority to MX2019004256A priority patent/MX377136B/es
Publication of CN107919943A publication Critical patent/CN107919943A/zh
Priority to US16/380,643 priority patent/US10785277B2/en
Priority to PH12019500783A priority patent/PH12019500783B1/en
Priority to ZA2019/02948A priority patent/ZA201902948B/en
Priority to AU2019101588A priority patent/AU2019101588A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107919943B publication Critical patent/CN107919943B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • H03M7/14Conversion to or from non-weighted codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/70Media network packetisation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F5/00Methods or arrangements for data conversion without changing the order or content of the data handled
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • H03M7/02Conversion to or from weighted codes, i.e. the weight given to a digit depending on the position of the digit within the block or code word
    • H03M7/04Conversion to or from weighted codes, i.e. the weight given to a digit depending on the position of the digit within the block or code word the radix thereof being two
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • H03M7/30Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
    • H03M7/3066Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction by means of a mask or a bit-map
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0014Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the source coding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045Arrangements at the receiver end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/765Media network packet handling intermediate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/06Protocols specially adapted for file transfer, e.g. file transfer protocol [FTP]

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Reduction Or Emphasis Of Bandwidth Of Signals (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
CN201610887650.1A 2016-10-11 2016-10-11 二进制数据的编码、解码方法和装置 Active CN107919943B (zh)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610887650.1A CN107919943B (zh) 2016-10-11 2016-10-11 二进制数据的编码、解码方法和装置
TW106131352A TW201815074A (zh) 2016-10-11 2017-09-13 二進制資料的編碼、解碼方法和裝置
JP2019519660A JP6931050B2 (ja) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 バイナリデータをエンコード及びデコードする方法及び装置
SG11201903176RA SG11201903176RA (en) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 Methods and devices for encoding and decoding binary data
AU2017342863A AU2017342863B2 (en) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 Methods and devices for encoding and decoding binary data
BR112019007284A BR112019007284A2 (pt) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 métodos e dispositivos de codificação e decodificação de dados binários
RU2019113976A RU2725763C1 (ru) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 Способы и устройства для кодирования и декодирования двоичных данных
CA3040003A CA3040003C (en) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 Methods and devices for encoding and decoding binary data
KR1020197013004A KR102249267B1 (ko) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 2진 데이터를 인코딩 및 디코딩하기 위한 방법 및 디바이스
EP17860029.2A EP3528389A4 (en) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 METHODS AND DEVICES FOR ENCODING AND DECODING BINARY DATA
PCT/CN2017/103429 WO2018068634A1 (zh) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 二进制数据的编码、解码方法和装置
MX2019004256A MX377136B (es) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 Metodos y dispositivos para codificar y decodificar datos binarios.
MYPI2019001978A MY196192A (en) 2016-10-11 2017-09-26 Methods and Devices for Encoding And Decoding Binary Data
US16/380,643 US10785277B2 (en) 2016-10-11 2019-04-10 Methods and devices for encoding and decoding binary data
PH12019500783A PH12019500783B1 (en) 2016-10-11 2019-04-11 Methods and devices for encoding and decoding binary data
ZA2019/02948A ZA201902948B (en) 2016-10-11 2019-05-10 Methods and devices for encoding and decoding binary data
AU2019101588A AU2019101588A4 (en) 2016-10-11 2019-12-13 Methods and devices for encoding and decoding binary data

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610887650.1A CN107919943B (zh) 2016-10-11 2016-10-11 二进制数据的编码、解码方法和装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107919943A CN107919943A (zh) 2018-04-17
CN107919943B true CN107919943B (zh) 2020-08-04

Family

ID=61892693

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610887650.1A Active CN107919943B (zh) 2016-10-11 2016-10-11 二进制数据的编码、解码方法和装置

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US10785277B2 (https=)
EP (1) EP3528389A4 (https=)
JP (1) JP6931050B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR102249267B1 (https=)
CN (1) CN107919943B (https=)
AU (2) AU2017342863B2 (https=)
BR (1) BR112019007284A2 (https=)
CA (1) CA3040003C (https=)
MX (1) MX377136B (https=)
MY (1) MY196192A (https=)
PH (1) PH12019500783B1 (https=)
RU (1) RU2725763C1 (https=)
SG (1) SG11201903176RA (https=)
TW (1) TW201815074A (https=)
WO (1) WO2018068634A1 (https=)
ZA (1) ZA201902948B (https=)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110504973A (zh) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-26 北京京东尚科信息技术有限公司 文件压缩、解压方法和装置
CN110120819B (zh) * 2019-04-26 2023-07-21 矩阵元技术(深圳)有限公司 一种布尔电路编码方法、装置及系统
CN110569487B (zh) * 2019-08-19 2023-07-18 积成电子股份有限公司 一种基于高频率字符替代算法的Base64扩展编码方法及系统
CN112422491B (zh) * 2020-05-08 2024-09-20 上海幻电信息科技有限公司 数字编码的加密解密方法、服务器和存储介质
CN111600610B (zh) * 2020-05-26 2023-04-28 北京思特奇信息技术股份有限公司 一种变长整数的通用编码方法、系统及电子设备
CN112148673A (zh) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-29 北京中房智宝科技有限公司 一种多二进制合并成一个二进制文件读写错误的解决方法
CN112818639A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-18 平安普惠企业管理有限公司 数据编码方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质
CN112910568A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-06-04 猫岐智能科技(上海)有限公司 一种数据通信方法、数据发送方法及数据接收方法
KR102627365B1 (ko) * 2021-04-28 2024-01-18 한전케이디엔주식회사 배전설비 pd 진단시스템의 prpd 데이터 포맷변환 및 압축 방법
CN113542762A (zh) * 2021-07-20 2021-10-22 中交信捷科技有限公司 一种车辆红外图像的压缩与增强方法和系统
CN119172064A (zh) * 2024-09-04 2024-12-20 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 一种助记词生成方法、根密钥种子还原方法及相关产品

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1494330A (zh) * 2002-10-29 2004-05-05 蔡 宁 一种利用posag编码传送图形文件的方法
CN1758756A (zh) * 2005-11-03 2006-04-12 浙江大学 一种用于将待编码数据进行二进制化编码的方法和装置
CN1816170A (zh) * 2005-11-08 2006-08-09 杭州华为三康技术有限公司 短信收发的编码转换方法及其应用的网络设备
CN1937582A (zh) * 2006-08-11 2007-03-28 白杰 待压缩数据的预处理方法以及压缩数据的传输方法
CN101840394A (zh) * 2010-03-04 2010-09-22 英华达(南昌)科技有限公司 数据解码方法
CN103067022A (zh) * 2012-12-19 2013-04-24 中国石油天然气集团公司 一种整型数据无损压缩方法、解压缩方法及装置
WO2016132430A1 (ja) * 2015-02-16 2016-08-25 三菱電機株式会社 データ圧縮装置、データ伸張装置、データ圧縮方法、データ伸張方法及びプログラム

Family Cites Families (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4597057A (en) 1981-12-31 1986-06-24 System Development Corporation System for compressed storage of 8-bit ASCII bytes using coded strings of 4 bit nibbles
US5007013A (en) 1986-04-01 1991-04-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Bidirectional communication and control network with programmable microcontroller interfacing digital ICS and controlled product
US4789852A (en) 1987-06-05 1988-12-06 Bailey Guy R Method and apparatus for converting data in a binary format
US5136291A (en) 1990-11-30 1992-08-04 Unisys Corporation Transmitting binary data files using electronic mail
US5406279A (en) 1992-09-02 1995-04-11 Cirrus Logic, Inc. General purpose, hash-based technique for single-pass lossless data compression
CA2157759A1 (en) * 1993-03-10 1994-09-15 Michael Seward Sutton Enhanced one way radio seven bit data network
JPH06284164A (ja) * 1993-03-25 1994-10-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 通信制御コード回避通信方法
US5406280A (en) 1993-08-26 1995-04-11 Commerce Clearing House Data retrieval system using compression scheme especially for serial data stream
US5974464A (en) 1995-10-06 1999-10-26 Silicon Image, Inc. System for high speed serial video signal transmission using DC-balanced coding
JP2840589B2 (ja) 1996-02-09 1998-12-24 富士通株式会社 データ圧縮装置及びデータ復元装置
US5818032A (en) 1997-01-03 1998-10-06 Sun; Tsu-Hung Tom Encoded color halftone micro-dots for high density digital information storage
US7190257B2 (en) 1999-03-16 2007-03-13 Intermec Ip Corp. Data encoding in radio frequency identification transponders
JP2000307431A (ja) * 1999-04-23 2000-11-02 Victor Co Of Japan Ltd 変調装置及び復調装置
JP3555654B2 (ja) * 1999-06-30 2004-08-18 ヤマハ株式会社 データ送信装置、データ受信装置、及び同各装置に適用されるプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取り可能な記録媒体
US6801625B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2004-10-05 Intel Corporation Apparatus and method for stripping parity bits from an input stream
JP2003173313A (ja) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-20 Ntt Docomo Inc メール転送プロトコル変換システム、変換システム管理用サーバ、変換システム制御用プログラム及びこのプログラムの記憶された記憶媒体、並びに、メール利用機器、メール利用機器制御用プログラム
US7451229B2 (en) 2002-06-24 2008-11-11 Microsoft Corporation System and method for embedding a streaming media format header within a session description message
CN1466342A (zh) * 2002-07-02 2004-01-07 深圳市中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种在网关上还原电子邮件内容的方法
US7590837B2 (en) 2003-08-23 2009-09-15 Softex Incorporated Electronic device security and tracking system and method
US7519274B2 (en) 2003-12-08 2009-04-14 Divx, Inc. File format for multiple track digital data
US7769904B2 (en) 2004-06-09 2010-08-03 L-3 Communications Integrated Systems L.P. Extensible binary mark-up language for efficient XML-based data communications and related systems and methods
JP3925657B2 (ja) * 2004-07-20 2007-06-06 富士ゼロックス株式会社 秘匿情報復号再生装置および秘匿情報復号再生方法
CN100377613C (zh) * 2005-06-01 2008-03-26 海信集团有限公司 移动终端短消息加密的方法
CN101080038A (zh) * 2007-06-22 2007-11-28 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司 一种基于ussd协议的中文信息传输方法
US10175990B2 (en) * 2009-12-22 2019-01-08 Intel Corporation Gathering and scattering multiple data elements
US20140204994A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2014-07-24 Silicon Image, Inc. Auxiliary data encoding in video data
US9626184B2 (en) * 2013-06-28 2017-04-18 Intel Corporation Processors, methods, systems, and instructions to transcode variable length code points of unicode characters
WO2015083598A1 (ja) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-11 京セラ株式会社 通信方法及び通信装置
CN105740215A (zh) * 2016-01-23 2016-07-06 北京掌阔移动传媒科技有限公司 一种数据通信编码和解码方法

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1494330A (zh) * 2002-10-29 2004-05-05 蔡 宁 一种利用posag编码传送图形文件的方法
CN1758756A (zh) * 2005-11-03 2006-04-12 浙江大学 一种用于将待编码数据进行二进制化编码的方法和装置
CN1816170A (zh) * 2005-11-08 2006-08-09 杭州华为三康技术有限公司 短信收发的编码转换方法及其应用的网络设备
CN1937582A (zh) * 2006-08-11 2007-03-28 白杰 待压缩数据的预处理方法以及压缩数据的传输方法
CN101840394A (zh) * 2010-03-04 2010-09-22 英华达(南昌)科技有限公司 数据解码方法
CN103067022A (zh) * 2012-12-19 2013-04-24 中国石油天然气集团公司 一种整型数据无损压缩方法、解压缩方法及装置
WO2016132430A1 (ja) * 2015-02-16 2016-08-25 三菱電機株式会社 データ圧縮装置、データ伸張装置、データ圧縮方法、データ伸張方法及びプログラム

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102249267B1 (ko) 2021-05-10
EP3528389A1 (en) 2019-08-21
KR20190064621A (ko) 2019-06-10
TW201815074A (zh) 2018-04-16
JP6931050B2 (ja) 2021-09-01
MX377136B (es) 2025-03-07
PH12019500783A1 (en) 2019-12-11
RU2725763C1 (ru) 2020-07-06
CN107919943A (zh) 2018-04-17
US10785277B2 (en) 2020-09-22
AU2017342863A1 (en) 2019-05-02
SG11201903176RA (en) 2019-05-30
AU2017342863B2 (en) 2020-10-22
MX2019004256A (es) 2019-07-01
US20190245906A1 (en) 2019-08-08
ZA201902948B (en) 2020-08-26
AU2019101588A4 (en) 2020-01-23
EP3528389A4 (en) 2020-05-13
PH12019500783B1 (en) 2022-01-19
CA3040003C (en) 2021-02-09
WO2018068634A1 (zh) 2018-04-19
CA3040003A1 (en) 2018-04-19
BR112019007284A2 (pt) 2019-07-09
JP2019537332A (ja) 2019-12-19
MY196192A (en) 2023-03-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107919943B (zh) 二进制数据的编码、解码方法和装置
CN100495318C (zh) 整型数据的压缩方法、装置及解压缩方法、装置
CN107395209B (zh) 数据压缩方法、数据解压缩方法及其设备
CN108154211B (zh) 二维码生成、业务处理方法、装置和设备以及二维码
WO2016029801A1 (zh) 编码、解码方法以及编码装置和解码装置
CN106407201B (zh) 一种数据处理方法、装置及计算机可读存储介质
CN104904123B (zh) 压缩多字节帧的方法、装置和计算机可读介质
CN106570018A (zh) 序列化与反序列化的方法、装置、系统以及电子设备
CN105024702A (zh) 一种面向科学计算的浮点型数据无损压缩方法
WO2017054597A1 (zh) 表情字符串的处理方法及装置
CN105868194A (zh) 文本数据压缩、解压方法及装置
WO2024066271A1 (zh) 数据库水印的嵌入方法、溯源方法、装置和电子设备
JP2019537332A5 (https=)
CN106844288A (zh) 一种随机字符串生成方法及装置
CN115033549A (zh) 基于区块链的文件链接存储方法及装置
WO2021143634A1 (zh) 算术编码器及实现算术编码的方法和图像编码方法
CN104021121A (zh) 一种文本数据压缩方法、装置及服务器
CN114722781A (zh) 一种将流式文档转换为ofd文档的方法和装置
CN119582855A (zh) 解压数据的方法、压缩数据的方法、装置及设备
WO2024149207A1 (zh) 数据处理方法和装置、介质和计算机设备
CN105279247A (zh) 表情库的生成方法及装置
CN111178010B (zh) 显示数字签名的方法及系统、数据编辑方法及终端
CN115001628B (zh) 数据编码的方法及装置、数据解码的方法及装置和数据结构
CN113283215B (zh) 一种基于utf-32编码的数据混淆方法及装置
CN104580315A (zh) 一种资源共享方法及系统

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
TR01 Transfer of patent right
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20200921

Address after: Cayman Enterprise Centre, 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman Islands

Patentee after: Innovative advanced technology Co.,Ltd.

Address before: Cayman Enterprise Centre, 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman Islands

Patentee before: Advanced innovation technology Co.,Ltd.

Effective date of registration: 20200921

Address after: Cayman Enterprise Centre, 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman Islands

Patentee after: Advanced innovation technology Co.,Ltd.

Address before: A four-storey 847 mailbox in Grand Cayman Capital Building, British Cayman Islands

Patentee before: Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.

TR01 Transfer of patent right
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20240218

Address after: Guohao Times City # 20-01, 128 Meizhi Road, Singapore

Patentee after: Advanced Nova Technology (Singapore) Holdings Ltd.

Country or region after: Singapore

Address before: Ky1-9008 Cayman Enterprise Centre, 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman Islands, ky1-9008

Patentee before: Innovative advanced technology Co.,Ltd.

Country or region before: Cayman Islands