CN107917877B - Optical fiber hydrogen sensor demodulation method - Google Patents

Optical fiber hydrogen sensor demodulation method Download PDF

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CN107917877B
CN107917877B CN201711130274.2A CN201711130274A CN107917877B CN 107917877 B CN107917877 B CN 107917877B CN 201711130274 A CN201711130274 A CN 201711130274A CN 107917877 B CN107917877 B CN 107917877B
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卢平
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Anhui Zhongke Guojin Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
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Abstract

The invention discloses a demodulation method based on an optical fiber hydrogen sensor demodulation device, which comprises a wide-spectrum light source, an electro-optic modulator and a computer, wherein the output end of the wide-spectrum light source is connected with a photoelectric coupler, the optical fiber surface of one output end of the photoelectric coupler is plated with a section of palladium film, the output end of the photoelectric coupler and a reflecting film form a Michelson interferometer, the output end of the Michelson interferometer is connected with the electro-optic modulator, a modulation signal output by the electro-optic modulator is incident on a high-speed photoelectric detector after passing through a dispersive optical fiber, the high-speed photoelectric detector converts an optical signal into a microwave signal and amplifies the microwave signal through low-noise amplification, the output end of the low-noise amplification is connected with a microwave power divider, the microwave power divider injects a part of the microwave signal into the electro-optic modulator and simultaneously inputs the other part of the microwave signal into a frequency spectrograph, and the tail end of the frequency spectrograph is connected with the computer, meanwhile, the cost is reduced, and the structure is simplified.

Description

Optical fiber hydrogen sensor demodulation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a demodulation method, in particular to a demodulation method of an optical fiber hydrogen sensor.
Background
Hydrogen is widely used as a combustible energy source, a reducing agent and the like in the fields of aviation, chemical engineering and medicine. Since the hydrogen gas is exploded when the concentration of the hydrogen gas exceeds 4% during the use process, the detection of the hydrogen gas concentration is also regarded as important along with the wide application of the hydrogen gas.
The existing optical method for detecting the hydrogen concentration comprises an interference type hydrogen sensing demodulation system based on light interference, a micro-lens type hydrogen sensing demodulation system based on light reflection, a hydrogen sensor based on a evanescent field principle and a fiber grating hydrogen sensing demodulation system. The interference type hydrogen sensing demodulation system has the problem of complex manufacturing process, the microlens type hydrogen sensing demodulation system based on light reflection has the defects of high cost and low sensitivity of a hydrogen sensitive film, the hydrogen sensor based on the evanescent field principle has the defects of high process requirement and high cost, and the fiber grating hydrogen sensing demodulation system has the defects of high information demodulation price and large volume.
Therefore, the invention provides a hydrogen sensing demodulation method based on the combination of an optical fiber michelson interferometer and a photoelectric oscillator, so as to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of high cost, poor precision and complex structure of the conventional demodulating device in the working process, and provide an optical fiber hydrogen sensor demodulating device, thereby solving the problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an optical fiber hydrogen sensor demodulation device, which comprises a wide-spectrum light source, an electro-optical modulator and a computer, wherein the output end of the wide-spectrum light source is connected with the photoelectric coupler, a section of palladium film is plated on the optical fiber surface of one output end of the photoelectric coupler, the surface of the palladium film is provided with a reflecting mirror, the output port of the photoelectric coupler and the reflecting film form a Michelson interferometer, the output end of the Michelson interferometer is connected with the electro-optical modulator, a modulation signal output by the electro-optical modulator is incident on a high-speed photoelectric detector after passing through a dispersive optical fiber, the high-speed photoelectric detector converts an optical signal into a microwave signal and amplifies the microwave signal through low-noise amplification, the output end of the low-noise amplification is connected with a microwave power divider, the microwave power divider injects a part of the microwave signal into the electro-optical modulator, and inputs.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, an electro-optical modulator, a dispersion fiber, a high-speed photodetector, a low-noise amplifier, and a microwave power divider form an optoelectronic oscillator loop, and an input end of the optoelectronic oscillator loop is connected to an output end of a michelson interferometer, so that an interference comb spectrum generated at the output end of the michelson interferometer can be injected into the optoelectronic oscillator loop, and a microwave signal is generated by the optoelectronic oscillator loop.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the electro-optical modulator is internally provided with linear modulation equipment, the surface of the linear modulation equipment is provided with a longitudinal interface and a transverse interface, the interfaces are both positioned in an aluminum shell, and the electro-optical effect can be divided into a linear electro-optical effect (Pockels effect) and a quadratic electro-optical effect (Kerr effect), and the linear electro-optical effect has an obvious effect compared with the quadratic electro-optical effect, so the linear modulation effect is better.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the wide-spectrum light source can adopt a Gaussian or rectangular light source as the emission light source, so that the selectivity of the light source emission device is higher.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a new method for measuring hydrogen concentration of optical fiber, which changes the optical path difference of an interferometer by hydrogen with different concentrations, thereby changing the central frequency of a microwave signal output by a photoelectric oscillator to realize the measurement of the hydrogen concentration, a wide-spectrum light source enters a photoelectric coupler, two output ends of the coupler and two reflecting films form a Michelson interferometer, the other input port of the photoelectric coupler becomes the output port of the interferometer, after the wide-spectrum light source passes through the interferometer, when the optical path difference of two arms of the interferometer is in the coherent range of the light source, interference fringes are generated at the output end of the interferometer, the interference fringes are a sine comb-shaped spectrum in the frequency domain, the comb-shaped spectrum output by the Michelson interferometer passes through an electro-optical modulator at an orthogonal working point, then the microwave signal generated by the photoelectric oscillator is modulated onto the interference comb-shaped spectrum by the electro-optical modulator, the optical carrier microwave signal is transmitted to a high-speed photoelectric detector after passing through a dispersion compensation optical fiber, the detector converts the optical signal into a microwave signal, the microwave signal is amplified by low noise and then passes through a microwave power divider, and a part of the signal is used for measuring the central frequency of the microwave signal output by a photoelectric oscillator through a frequency spectrograph.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system framework of the present invention;
reference numbers in the figures: 101. a broad spectrum light source; 102. a photoelectric coupler; 103. a palladium membrane; 104. a mirror; 105. an electro-optic modulator; 106. a dispersive optical fiber; 107. a high-speed photodetector; 108. low noise is put; 109. a microwave power divider; 201. a frequency spectrograph; 202. and (4) a computer.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an optical fiber hydrogen sensor demodulation apparatus, which includes a wide spectrum light source 101, an electro-optical modulator 105 and a computer 202, wherein an output end of the wide spectrum light source 101 is connected to a photocoupler 102, an optical fiber surface of an output end of the photocoupler 102 is plated with a section of palladium film 103, a surface of the palladium film 103 is provided with a reflector 104, an output port of the photocoupler 102 and the reflector film 104 form a michelson interferometer, an output end of the michelson interferometer is connected to the electro-optical modulator 105, a modulation signal output by the electro-optical modulator 105 passes through a dispersion optical fiber 106 and then is incident on a high-speed photodetector 107, the high-speed photodetector 107 converts an optical signal into a microwave signal and amplifies the microwave signal through a low-noise amplifier 108, an output end of the low-noise amplifier 108 is connected to a power microwave divider 109, the microwave power divider 109 injects a part of the microwave signal into the electro-optical modulator 105, the spectrometer 201 is connected with a computer 202 at the end.
Specifically, the invention relates to a demodulation device of an optical fiber hydrogen sensor, an electro-optical modulator 105, a dispersion optical fiber 106, a high-speed photoelectric detector 107, a low-noise amplifier 108 and a microwave power divider 109 form a photoelectric oscillator loop, the input end of the photoelectric oscillator loop is connected with the output end of a michelson interferometer, an interference comb spectrum generated by the output end of the michelson interferometer can be injected into the photoelectric oscillator loop, a microwave signal is generated by the photoelectric oscillator loop, a linear modulation device is arranged in the electro-optical modulator 105, the surface of the linear modulation device is provided with a longitudinal interface and a transverse interface, the interfaces are all positioned in an aluminum shell, the electro-optical effect can be divided into a linear electro-optical effect (Pockels effect) and a quadratic electro-optical effect (Kerr effect), and the linear electro-optical effect is obvious compared with the quadratic electro-optical effect, so the linear modulation effect is, the broad spectrum light source 101 may employ a gaussian or rectangular light source as the emission light source, so that the selectivity of the light source emission device is higher.
Specifically, the invention relates to an optical fiber hydrogen sensor demodulation device, which has the following specific measurement principle: the principle of the measurement method is that the optical path difference of the Michelson interferometer is changed through the change of the refractive index of a palladium film 103 under different hydrogen concentrations, so that the central frequency of a microwave signal output by a photoelectric oscillator is changed, the concentration of hydrogen to be measured is obtained according to the change of the central frequency of the microwave signal, the palladium film 103 plated on one arm of the interferometer absorbs hydrogen and changes the refractive index of the palladium film 103 under the hydrogen states of different concentrations, so that the optical path difference of two arms of the interferometer is changed, the hydrogen concentration to be measured can be obtained by changing the hydrogen concentration and recording the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator under different hydrogen concentrations, a wide-spectrum light source 101 interferes after passing through the Michelson interferometer, and the output of interference fringes can be expressed in a frequency domain as:
Figure GDA0002906193690000041
where A is the visibility of the output interference fringes of the interferometer and Δ ω is differentThe frequency interval of the interference fringe is output when the optical path difference n Delta L of the interferometer is obtained,
Figure GDA0002906193690000042
for phase drift of interferometers, ω0Is the center circle frequency of the laser; Δ ω can be expressed as:
Δω=2πc/nΔL (2)
wherein c is the speed of light, n is the refractive index of the optical fiber, and Delta L is the optical path difference of two arms of the interferometer; the free spectral range of the interferometer can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0002906193690000043
the output light of the interference is wavelength dependent, and its electric field can be characterized as:
E(t)=∫E(ω)ejωtdω (4)
the optical power spectral density of the light source can be expressed as:
T(ω)=|E(ω)|2 (5)
after the interference fringes output by the interferometer pass through the electro-optical modulator, each frequency component E (ω) of the spectrum is modulated, and a microwave signal with a frequency ξ is generated by the optoelectronic oscillator loop, and the optical field output by the electro-optical modulator can be represented as:
E(ω)=ejωt(1+ejξt+e-jξt) (6)
the dispersion fiber is used as a delay line in the optoelectronic oscillator, and the electric field transfer function of the delay line can be expressed as:
H(ω)=|H(ω)|e-jφ(ω) (7)
φ (ω) is the phase introduced by the dispersive fiber delay, which can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0002906193690000051
in the formula, τ (ω)0) Has a center frequency of omega0Group delay of time, beta is the dispersion of the fiber in ps2The/km, β can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0002906193690000052
in the formula, D is the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber, and lambda is the wavelength of the light source;
the optoelectronic oscillator response function is obtained according to equation (5) -9 as:
Figure GDA0002906193690000053
wherein
Figure GDA0002906193690000054
It can be seen that the center frequency of the microwave signal output by the optoelectronic oscillator can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0002906193690000055
according to the formula, the concentration of the hydrogen to be measured is changed, so that the optical path difference value n delta L of the two arms of the interferometer is changed, the frequency of the microwave signal output by the test system is changed, and the concentration of the hydrogen to be measured can be obtained according to the variation of the central frequency of the microwave signal. The Michelson interferometer can also adopt a Mach-Zehnder or Fabry-Perot interferometer, and palladium films are plated in one arm of the interferometer, so that the change of the microwave frequency output by the photoelectric oscillator is realized according to the difference of the optical path difference of the interferometer under different hydrogen concentrations, and the measurement of the hydrogen concentration is realized.
The hydrogen sensing probe in the optical fiber hydrogen sensing system is a Michelson interferometer plated with a palladium membrane 103, so that the key of the sensing system is to determine each parameter in the formula (11) so that the frequency of a microwave signal output by a photoelectric oscillator is within the measuring frequency range of a common frequency spectrograph (the generality is high, and the frequency bandwidth of the common frequency spectrograph is dozens of KHz-26.5 GHz). Since the refractive index of the palladium film is determined, when the length and the dispersion value of a dispersion optical fiber in the photoelectric oscillator are determined, the design of the sensing probe can be completed only by determining the optical path difference of two arms of the Michelson interferometer according to the formula (11).
The working flow of the optical fiber hydrogen sensing demodulation system is as follows:
1. the optical fiber hydrogen sensing system calibrates the hydrogen concentration once before use, measures the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator at each hydrogen concentration point, and solidifies the hydrogen concentration and the corresponding central frequency of the microwave signal as a datum data into a computer program.
2. After the power is on, the modulator driving board automatically controls the intensity type optical modulator to work at a linear working point through a program. After the working point of the modulator is determined, when no hydrogen exists in the record, the demodulation system records the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator.
3. And placing two arms of the whole Michelson interferometer at a point to be measured, and recording the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator again. And (4) obtaining the hydrogen concentration to be measured according to the variation of the central frequency of the microwave signal in the steps 2 and 3.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A demodulation method of an optical fiber hydrogen sensor comprises a wide spectrum light source, the output end of the wide-spectrum light source is connected with a photoelectric coupler, a section of palladium film is plated on the optical fiber surface of one output end of the photoelectric coupler, the surface of the palladium film is provided with a reflecting mirror, the output port of the photoelectric coupler and the reflecting film form a Michelson interferometer, the output end of the Michelson interferometer is connected with the photoelectric modulator, a modulation signal output by the photoelectric modulator is incident on a high-speed photoelectric detector after passing through a dispersion optical fiber, the high-speed photoelectric detector converts an optical signal into a microwave signal and amplifies the microwave signal through low-noise amplification, the output end of the low-noise amplification is connected with a microwave power divider, the microwave power divider injects a part of the microwave signal into the photoelectric modulator, and simultaneously inputs the other part of the microwave signal into a frequency spectrograph, and the tail end of the frequency spectrograph is connected; the photoelectric modulator, the dispersion optical fiber, the high-speed photoelectric detector, the low-noise amplifier and the microwave power divider form a photoelectric oscillator loop, the input end of the photoelectric oscillator loop is connected with the output end of the Michelson interferometer, an interference comb spectrum generated by the output end of the Michelson interferometer can be injected into the photoelectric oscillator loop, a microwave signal is generated through the photoelectric oscillator loop, a linear modulation device is arranged in the photoelectric modulator, the surface of the linear modulation device is provided with a longitudinal interface and a transverse interface, the interfaces are positioned in an aluminum shell, the photoelectric effect can be divided into a linear photoelectric effect and a secondary photoelectric effect, the linear photoelectric effect has an obvious effect compared with the secondary photoelectric effect, the linear modulation effect is better, and the wide-spectrum light source adopts a Gaussian or rectangular light source as a light source so that the selectivity of the light source emitting device is higher; the method is characterized in that the optical path difference of the Michelson interferometer is changed through the change of the refractive index of a palladium film under different hydrogen concentrations, so that the central frequency of a microwave signal output by a photoelectric oscillator is changed, the concentration of hydrogen to be measured is obtained according to the change of the central frequency of the microwave signal, the palladium film plated on one arm of the interferometer absorbs hydrogen and changes the refractive index of the palladium film under the hydrogen states with different concentrations, so that the optical path difference of the two arms of the interferometer is changed, the hydrogen concentration is changed, the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator under different hydrogen concentrations is recorded, the concentration of the hydrogen to be measured can be obtained, a wide-spectrum light source passes through the Michelson interferometer and interferes, and the output of interference fringes can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002906193680000011
wherein A is the visibility of the output interference fringe of the interferometer, and Δ ω is the frequency interval of the output interference fringe when the optical path difference n Δ L of different interferometers is different,
Figure FDA0002906193680000012
for phase drift of interferometers, ω0Is the center circle frequency of the laser; Δ ω can be expressed as:
Δω=2πc/nΔL (2)
wherein c is the speed of light, n is the refractive index of the optical fiber, and Delta L is the optical path difference of two arms of the interferometer; the free spectral range of the interferometer can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002906193680000021
the output light of the interference is wavelength dependent, and its electric field can be characterized as:
E(t)=∫E(ω)ejωtdω (4)
the optical power spectral density of the light source can be expressed as:
T(ω)=|E(ω)|2 (5)
after the interference fringes output by the interferometer pass through the electro-optical modulator, each frequency component E (ω) of the spectrum is modulated, and a microwave signal with a frequency ξ is generated by the optoelectronic oscillator loop, and the optical field output by the electro-optical modulator can be represented as:
E(ω)=ejωt(1+ejξt+e-jξt) (6)
the dispersion fiber is used as a delay line in the optoelectronic oscillator, and the electric field transfer function of the delay line can be expressed as:
H(ω)=|H(ω)|e-jφ(ω) (7)
φ (ω) is the phase introduced by the dispersive fiber delay, which can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002906193680000022
in the formula, τ (ω)0) Has a center frequency of omega0Group delay of time, beta is the dispersion of the fiber in ps2The/km, β can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002906193680000023
in the formula, D is the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber, and lambda is the wavelength of the light source;
the optoelectronic oscillator response function is obtained according to equation (5) -9 as:
Figure FDA0002906193680000031
wherein
Figure FDA0002906193680000032
It can be seen that the center frequency of the microwave signal output by the optoelectronic oscillator can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002906193680000033
according to the formula, the concentration of the hydrogen to be measured is changed, so that the optical path difference value n delta L of the two arms of the interferometer is changed, the frequency of the microwave signal output by the test system is changed, and the concentration of the hydrogen to be measured can be obtained according to the variation of the central frequency of the microwave signal.
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