CN107632180B - Optical fiber voltage sensing probe and optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system - Google Patents
Optical fiber voltage sensing probe and optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber voltage sensing probe and an optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system, wherein the optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system comprises a light source generator for generating an incident light source, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer connected with a light outlet of the light source generator, a photoelectric oscillator connected with an output port of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a frequency detection device connected with the photoelectric oscillator and a processor connected with the frequency detection device. The photoelectric oscillator is used for generating microwave signals, modulating the microwave signals into a comb spectrum to form optical carrier microwave signals, converting the optical carrier microwave signals into secondary microwave signals, and receiving the secondary microwave signals and detecting the frequency of the secondary microwave signals by the frequency detection device; and calculating the measured voltage by the processor according to the frequency variation of the secondary microwave signal. The invention has low processing requirement, simple assembly and small influence of assembly error, thereby improving the precision of voltage detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of voltage measurement, in particular to an optical fiber voltage sensing probe and an optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system.
Background
At present, the optical fiber voltage sensor mainly utilizes an electro-optic effect method of the birefringent crystal to realize the voltage detection, and the voltage detection stability and sensitivity are directly influenced by the performance of the birefringent crystal. The birefringence crystal inevitably forms residual stress in the processing process, and the residual stress can cause the birefringence crystal to have stress birefringence and optical rotation, thereby disturbing the polarization state of incident light and influencing the voltage measurement precision. Moreover, the existing optical fiber voltage sensor based on the electro-optic effect method has high requirements on processing and assembly, and needs to ensure that the optical path of the dual-polarized light can be accurately transmitted in the optical fiber, otherwise, the accuracy of voltage detection is seriously affected. In summary, based on the above-mentioned defects of the existing fiber voltage sensor, a need in the art is felt to provide a fiber voltage sensing device with low processing difficulty, low assembly requirement and high voltage detection precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber voltage sensing probe and an optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system, which are used for solving the problem that the voltage detection precision of the existing optical fiber voltage sensor is greatly influenced by the processing quality and the assembly quality.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an optical fiber voltage sensing probe, comprising:
the voltage receptor is made of piezoelectric materials and is used for connecting the voltage to be measured;
and the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber is wound on the surface of the voltage receptor and is used for transmitting two paths of light with mutually vertical vibration directions.
Optionally, the voltage receiver is a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic or piezoelectric quartz, and the dual polarization maintaining optical fibers are sequentially wound on a cylindrical surface of the cylindrical voltage receiver in a layered manner.
Optionally, the dual polarization maintaining fiber is wound around the voltage receiver by a fiber-optic gyroscope winding process, and is fixedly connected to the voltage receiver by glue.
Optionally, the dual-polarization maintaining fiber is an elliptical core dual-polarization maintaining fiber.
The invention also provides an optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system, which comprises:
a light source generator for generating an incident light source;
the light source generator is connected with the light source, the light source is arranged in the light source generator, and the incident light source is transmitted through the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber of the optical fiber voltage sensing probe and is output as a comb spectrum by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer;
the photoelectric oscillator is used for generating microwave signals, an input port of the photoelectric oscillator is connected with an output port of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the photoelectric oscillator modulates the microwave signals into the comb spectrum to form optical carrier microwave signals, and then the optical carrier microwave signals are converted into secondary microwave signals;
the frequency detection device is connected with the photoelectric oscillator, receives the secondary microwave signal and detects the frequency of the secondary microwave signal;
and the processor is connected with the frequency detection device and calculates the voltage to be detected according to the variable quantity of the frequency of the secondary microwave signal detected by the frequency detection device.
Optionally, the mach-zehnder interferometer includes a polarizer, the optical fiber voltage sensing probe, and an analyzer, which are sequentially arranged along a propagation direction of light, the polarizer is welded to an input port of a dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber of the optical fiber voltage sensing probe, an input port of the analyzer is connected to an output port of the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber, and an output port of the analyzer is connected to an input port of the optoelectronic oscillator.
Optionally, the welding angle between the polarization direction of the polarizer and the polarization local oscillation axis of the dual-polarization maintaining fiber is 45 degrees; and the included angle between the polarization direction of the analyzer and the polarization local oscillation axis of the dual-polarization-maintaining optical fiber is 45 degrees.
Optionally, the optoelectronic oscillator includes an electro-optical modulator, a dispersion compensation fiber, a photodetector, a low-noise amplifier, and a microwave power divider sequentially arranged along a propagation direction of light, and a first output port of the microwave power divider is connected to a radio frequency inlet of the electro-optical modulator, so that the electro-optical modulator, the dispersion compensation fiber, the photodetector, the low-noise amplifier, and the microwave power divider form an annular signal loop to generate oscillation to generate the microwave signal;
an optical input port of the electro-optical modulator is connected with an output port of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the electro-optical modulator is used for modulating the microwave signals output by the microwave power divider into the comb spectrum to form the optical carrier microwave signals; the optical carrier microwave signal is incident to the photodetector through the dispersion compensation fiber, the photodetector converts the optical carrier microwave signal and amplifies the optical carrier microwave signal by the low-noise amplifier to form the secondary microwave signal, a part of the secondary microwave signal is input into the frequency detection device through the microwave power divider, and a part of the secondary microwave signal is input into the electro-optic modulator through the microwave power divider.
Optionally, the frequency detection device is a frequency spectrograph.
Optionally, the frequency detection device is a microwave frequency discriminator.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the optical fiber voltage sensing probe and the optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system disclosed by the invention utilize the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber wound on the piezoelectric material to realize voltage sensing through the piezoelectric effect, and the piezoelectric material can resist high voltage of dozens of kilovolts to hundreds of kilovolts, so that the voltage sensing system can realize high voltage measurement, has low processing requirement, is simple to assemble and is slightly influenced by assembly errors, thereby improving the precision of voltage detection. Meanwhile, the invention adopts a radio frequency signal processing method to obtain the measured voltage, thereby improving the stability of the voltage demodulation result of the sensing system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber voltage sensing probe according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the optical fiber voltage sensing probe provided in this embodiment 1 includes a voltage receptor 101 and a dual polarization maintaining optical fiber 102.
The voltage receptor 101 is made of piezoelectric material and is used for connecting to a voltage to be measured. In practical applications, the voltage receptor 101 may be a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic or piezoelectric quartz.
The voltage receptor 101 is fixed between the high voltage electrode 103 and the grounding column 104, and a voltage signal to be measured is applied to two ends of the high voltage electrode 103 and the grounding column 104.
The dual polarization maintaining fiber 102 is wound on the surface of the voltage receptor 101 and is used for transmitting two paths of light with mutually vertical vibration directions. In practical applications, the dual polarization maintaining fiber 102 can support two mutually orthogonal polarized lights to be transmitted in the optical fiber, and the polarization coupling between the two modes is kept at a very low level, for example, the dual polarization maintaining fiber 102 can be an elliptical core dual polarization maintaining fiber. Specifically, when the voltage receiver 101 is a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic or piezoelectric quartz, the dual polarization maintaining fiber 102 is sequentially wound on the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical voltage receiver 101 in layers. The dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber 102 can be wound on the voltage receptor 101 by adopting a fiber-optic gyroscope winding process and is fixedly connected to the voltage receptor 101 through glue, so that when the voltage receptor 101 of the piezoelectric material is connected with the measured voltage to deform, the length of the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber 102 can be changed along with the deformation, and the voltage measurement is realized.
Compared with a crystal probe, the optical fiber voltage sensing probe is simple to assemble, and can accurately obtain the light change caused by voltage without ensuring the collimation of a light path, so that the detection precision of the optical fiber voltage sensing probe is higher. Moreover, the conventional crystal is greatly influenced by temperature, and the piezoelectric material, especially the piezoelectric quartz, in the optical fiber voltage sensing probe is slightly influenced by the temperature, so that the influence of temperature drift on the voltage measurement precision is reduced, and the voltage detection precision is further improved. And the probe of the piezoelectric material can also resist the voltage of dozens of kilovolts to hundreds of kilovolts, thereby realizing the measurement of high voltage.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, the optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system provided in this embodiment 2 includes a light source generator 201 for generating an incident light source, a mach-zehnder interferometer connected to a light outlet of the light source generator 201, an optoelectronic oscillator connected to an output port of the mach-zehnder interferometer, a frequency detection device 210 connected to the optoelectronic oscillator, and a processor 211 connected to the frequency detection device.
The Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises a polarizer 202, an optical fiber voltage sensing probe 203 and an analyzer 204 which are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of light, wherein the polarizer 202 is welded with an input port of a dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber of the optical fiber voltage sensing probe 203, an input port of the analyzer 204 is connected with an output port of the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber, and an output port of the analyzer 204 is connected with an input port of a photoelectric oscillator; the welding angle between the polarization direction of the polarizer 202 and the polarization local oscillation axis of the dual-polarization-maintaining optical fiber is 45 degrees; the included angle between the polarization direction of the analyzer 204 and the polarization local oscillation axis of the dual-polarization maintaining fiber is 45 °.
The optoelectronic oscillator is used for generating microwave signals, the optoelectronic oscillator comprises an electro-optical modulator 205, a dispersion compensation optical fiber 206, a photodetector 207, a low-noise amplifier 208 and a microwave power divider 209 which are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of light, and a first output port of the microwave power divider 209 is connected with a radio-frequency inlet of the electro-optical modulator 205, so that the electro-optical modulator 205, the dispersion compensation optical fiber 206, the photodetector 207, the low-noise amplifier 208 and the microwave power divider 209 form a ring-shaped signal loop to generate oscillation to generate microwave signals;
an optical input port of the electro-optical modulator 205 is connected with an output port of the mach-zehnder interferometer, and the electro-optical modulator 205 is used for modulating the microwave signal output by the microwave power divider 209 into a comb spectrum to form an optical carrier microwave signal; the optical carrier microwave signal is incident to the photodetector 207 through the dispersion compensation fiber 206, the photodetector 207 converts the optical carrier microwave signal and amplifies the converted optical carrier microwave signal by the low-noise amplifier 208 to form a secondary microwave signal, a part of the secondary microwave signal is input to the frequency detection device 210 through the microwave power divider 209, and a part of the secondary microwave signal is input to the electro-optical modulator 205 through the microwave power divider 209.
The frequency detection device 210 receives the secondary microwave signal and detects the frequency of the secondary microwave signal; the processor 211 calculates the measured voltage according to the frequency variation of the secondary microwave signal detected by the frequency detection device 210.
The working principle of the optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system is as follows:
a wide-spectrum light source (which can be Gaussian) generated by the light source generator 201 passes through the polarizer 202 and enters the dual-polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the optical fiber voltage sensing probe 203. The polarizer 202 and the dual polarization maintaining fiber are connected in a fusion mode, the fusion angle is 45 degrees, and at the moment, two paths of light are respectively transmitted on two polarization local oscillation axes of the dual polarization maintaining fiber. After two paths of light which are transmitted in the dual-polarization-maintaining optical fiber and have mutually vertical vibration directions are analyzed by an analyzer 204 which forms an included angle of 45 degrees with two polarization local oscillation axes of the dual-polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the vibration directions of the two paths of light are aligned. Because the propagation constants of the two polarization local oscillation axes of the dual-polarization-maintaining fiber are different, the optical path difference of the two paths of light at the output end of the dual-polarization-maintaining fiber is different. If the optical path difference is within the range of the coherent length of the light source, the two paths of light will interfere after being analyzed by the analyzer 204. In the system, a polarizer 202, a dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber wound on an optical fiber voltage sensing probe 203 and an analyzer 204 jointly form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interference fringe output by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a sine comb spectrum on the frequency domain. The optoelectronic oscillator is composed of an electro-optical modulator 205, a dispersion compensation fiber 206, a photodetector 207, a low-noise amplifier 208 and a microwave power divider 209. The comb spectrum output by the mach-zehnder interferometer passes through an electro-optical modulator 205 at an orthogonal working point, microwave signals generated by an electro-optical oscillator are modulated onto the comb spectrum through the electro-optical modulator 205 to form optical carrier microwave signals, the optical carrier microwave signals pass through a dispersion compensation optical fiber 206 and then are incident on a photoelectric detector 207, the photoelectric detector 207 converts the optical carrier microwave signals into new microwave signals, the new microwave signals are amplified through a low-noise amplifier 208 to form secondary microwave signals, after the secondary microwave signals pass through a microwave power divider 209, a part of the secondary microwave signals are injected into the electro-optical modulator 205, a part of the secondary microwave signals are used for measuring the central frequency of the secondary microwave signals through a frequency detection device 210 and recording the change of the central frequency of the secondary microwave signals through a processor 211 (the processor can be a computer or a single chip microcomputer), thereby calculating the measured voltage.
The voltage measurement principle of the sensing system is as follows: piezoelectric materials such as piezoelectric ceramics or piezoelectric quartz have a piezoelectric effect, and have a certain deformation under the action of an external electric field. In the case of cylindrical piezoelectric ceramics or piezoelectric quartz, when a voltage is applied across its upper and lower end faces, the material will deform in its radial direction, i.e., the outer diameter of the cylinder will change. When the dual-polarization-maintaining optical fiber is wound on the surface of the dual-polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the length of the optical fiber is changed, so that the time delay of two light-carrying radio-frequency signals transmitted in the dual-polarization-maintaining optical fiber is changed, the central frequency output by the photoelectric oscillator is further changed, and the value of the voltage to be measured can be obtained through the change of the central frequency. After the output light of the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber is analyzed by the analyzer for 45 degrees, the two polarized lights output by the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber will interfere with each other, and the interference signal can be expressed as:
where R is the visibility of the interferometer output interference fringes, ω0The central circular frequency of the laser, l the length of the dual-polarization maintaining fiber, and Δ n the refractive index difference between two polarization local oscillation axes of the dual-polarization maintaining fiber. In the above formula, 2 π c/Δ nL can be represented as:
Δω＝2πc/Δnl＝2πcLp/λ0l (2)
where c is the speed of light, λ0Is the central wavelength of the light source, LpIs the beat length of the sensing polarization maintaining fiber.
The output light of the interferometer is wavelength dependent in the frequency domain, and its electric field can be characterized in the frequency domain as:
E(t)＝∫E(ω)ejωtdω (3)
the optical power spectral density of the light source can be expressed as:
T(ω)＝|E(ω)|2(4)
after the interference fringes output by the interferometer pass through the electro-optical modulator, each frequency component E (ω) of the spectrum is modulated, and a microwave signal with a frequency of ξ is generated by the optoelectronic oscillator loop, and the optical field output by the electro-optical modulator can be represented as:
E(ω)＝ejωt(1+ejξt+e-jξt) (5)
the dispersion compensation fiber is used as a time delay line in the photoelectric oscillator, and the electric field transfer function of the time delay line can be expressed as follows:
H(ω)＝|H(ω)|e-jφ(ω)(6)
phi (omega) is the phase introduced by the delay of the dispersion compensating fiber, which is at omega0The taylor series expansion of (a) can be expressed as:
in the formula, τ (ω)0) Has a center frequency of omega0Group delay of time β is the dispersion of the dispersion compensating fiber in ps2The/km, β can be expressed as:
wherein D (ps/km/nm) is the dispersion coefficient of the dispersion compensating fiber, λ0Is the wavelength of the light source.
The optoelectronic oscillator response function is obtained according to equation (4) — (8):
wherein
It can be seen that the center frequency of the microwave signal output by the optoelectronic oscillator can be expressed as:
assuming that the voltage to be measured applied to the piezoelectric material is U and the frequency is omegamThen, the amount of change in the length of the dual polarization maintaining fiber wound on the piezoelectric material due to the electric field is:
Δl＝AUsinωmt (11)
where a is the transmission coefficient of the amount of change in the length of the dual polarization maintaining fiber due to the amount of deformation of the piezoelectric material. From the equations (10) and (11), the amplitude U of the voltage to be measured and the variation Δ f of the output center frequency of the optoelectronic oscillator0The relationship between can be expressed as:
U＝Δf0DLλ0Lp(12)
according to the formula (12), the voltage to be measured acts on the optical fiber voltage sensing probe so as to change the optical path difference between the two polarization local oscillation axes transmitted in the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber, so that the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator can be changed, and the size of the voltage to be measured can be obtained according to the variable quantity of the central frequency of the microwave signal, the central wavelength of the wide-spectrum light source, the beat length of the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber, the length of the dispersion compensation optical fiber and the dispersion coefficient.
In this embodiment, the method of measuring the frequency of the output signal of the optoelectronic oscillator by using the spectrometer as the frequency detection device can be only used for measuring the dc voltage or the slowly varying voltage signal, and if an ac voltage signal with a higher frequency is to be measured, the method of measuring the ac voltage by using the microwave frequency discriminator as the frequency detection device can be used.
The working process of the optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system is as follows:
1. according to equation (12), appropriate parameters are selected for each device according to the measurement sensitivity and the measurement range. Before voltage measurement, the optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system needs to be calibrated once before use, the central frequency of the microwave signal output at each voltage point is measured, and the voltage value and the variation of the central frequency of the corresponding microwave signal are stored in a processor as a reference data table.
2. When no voltage is applied to the two ends of the optical fiber voltage sensing probe, the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator is measured, then the voltage signal to be measured is applied to the two ends of the optical fiber voltage sensing probe, the central frequency of the secondary microwave signal output by the microwave power divider changes at the moment, and the voltage value to be measured can be obtained according to the variable quantity of the central frequency of the secondary microwave signal output by the microwave power divider compared with the central frequency of the microwave signal when no voltage to be measured is applied and a reference data table obtained through calibration.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system, comprising:
a light source generator for generating an incident light source;
the light source generator comprises a light source generator, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a light source module and a light source module, wherein the light source generator is used for generating light source light, the light source module is used for generating light source light, the light source light is transmitted in a dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber of the optical fiber voltage sensing probe, and the light source light is output as a comb spectrum by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer;
the optical fiber voltage sensing probe comprises a voltage receptor, wherein the voltage receptor is made of piezoelectric materials and is used for connecting the voltage to be measured; the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber is wound on the surface of the voltage receptor and is used for transmitting two paths of light with mutually vertical vibration directions;
the photoelectric oscillator is used for generating microwave signals, an input port of the photoelectric oscillator is connected with an output port of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the photoelectric oscillator modulates the microwave signals into the comb spectrum to form optical carrier microwave signals, and then the optical carrier microwave signals are converted into secondary microwave signals; the photoelectric oscillator comprises an electro-optical modulator, a dispersion compensation optical fiber, a photoelectric detector, a low-noise amplifier and a microwave power divider which are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of light, and a first output port of the microwave power divider is connected with a radio frequency inlet of the electro-optical modulator, so that the electro-optical modulator, the dispersion compensation optical fiber, the photoelectric detector, the low-noise amplifier and the microwave power divider form an annular signal loop to generate oscillation to generate the microwave signal;
an optical input port of the electro-optical modulator is connected with an output port of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the electro-optical modulator is used for modulating the microwave signals output by the microwave power divider into the comb spectrum to form the optical carrier microwave signals; the optical carrier microwave signal is incident to the photoelectric detector through the dispersion compensation fiber, the photoelectric detector converts the optical carrier microwave signal and amplifies the optical carrier microwave signal by the low-noise amplifier to form a secondary microwave signal, a part of the secondary microwave signal is input into the frequency detection device through the microwave power divider, and a part of the secondary microwave signal is input into the electro-optic modulator through the microwave power divider;
the frequency detection device is connected with the photoelectric oscillator, receives the secondary microwave signal and detects the frequency of the secondary microwave signal;
and the processor is connected with the frequency detection device and calculates the voltage to be detected according to the frequency variation of the secondary microwave signal detected by the frequency detection device.
2. The optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system according to claim 1, wherein the mach-zehnder interferometer includes a polarizer, the optical fiber voltage sensing probe, and an analyzer, which are sequentially arranged along a propagation direction of light, the polarizer is welded to an input port of a dual polarization maintaining optical fiber of the optical fiber voltage sensing probe, an input port of the analyzer is connected to an output port of the dual polarization maintaining optical fiber, and an output port of the analyzer is connected to an input port of the optoelectronic oscillator.
3. The optical fiber voltage sensing demodulation system according to claim 2, wherein the welding angle between the polarization direction of the polarizer and the polarization local oscillation axis of the dual-polarization maintaining optical fiber is 45 °; and the included angle between the polarization direction of the analyzer and the polarization local oscillation axis of the dual-polarization-maintaining optical fiber is 45 degrees.
4. The fiber optic voltage sensing demodulation system of claim 1 wherein the frequency detection device is a spectrometer.
5. The fiber optic voltage sensing and demodulating system according to claim 1, wherein the frequency detecting device is a microwave discriminator.
6. The fiber voltage sensing demodulation system according to claim 1, wherein the voltage receiver is a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic or piezoelectric quartz, and the dual polarization maintaining fiber is sequentially wound on a cylindrical surface of the cylindrical voltage receiver in layers.
7. The fiber voltage sensing demodulation system of claim 1 wherein the dual polarization maintaining fiber is wound around the voltage receiver using fiber-optic gyroscope looping process and is fixed to the voltage receiver by glue.
8. The fiber optic voltage sensing demodulation system of claim 1 wherein the dual polarization maintaining fiber is an elliptical core dual polarization maintaining fiber.
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