CN108709720B - Device and method for measuring mode birefringence of high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring mode birefringence of high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring mode birefringence of a high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber. The device comprises a wide-spectrum light source, a polarizer, an electro-optic modulator, a high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested, an analyzer, a photoelectric detector, a mixer, a data acquisition circuit and a computer; the frequency-sweeping signal source, the microwave power divider, the microwave phase shifter, the electro-optical modulator modulates the first microwave signal to light to form an optical carrier microwave signal, the optical carrier microwave signal passes through the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be detected to form two optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences, the optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences are input to the radio frequency input end of the mixer after passing through the photoelectric detector, the mixer inputs the direct current signals after mixing the optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences and the second microwave signal to the data acquisition circuit after passing through the low-pass filter, and the data acquisition circuit inputs the frequencies of the direct current signals at different amplitude values to the computer for calculation. The invention realizes the purpose of accurately measuring the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring mode birefringence of a high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
Background
The high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber has wide application in the fields of fiber-optic gyroscopes, fiber-optic current transformers, polarization-maintaining devices and the like. In these applications, the polarization maintaining performance of the polarization maintaining fiber is critical to determine the application, and the polarization maintaining performance of the polarization maintaining fiber is generally measured by using mode birefringence or beat length, wherein the mode birefringence of the high-birefringent polarization maintaining fiber is equal to the magnitude of the refractive index difference between the two polarization eigenaxes of the polarization maintaining fiber.
In the prior art, the measurement of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber mode birefringence mainly comprises a torsion method, a Rayleigh scattering method, a pressure method, a prism coupling method, an electro-optical or magneto-optical modulation method, a polarization mode dispersion method, an optical polarization method, a wavelength scanning method, a shearing method, an optical frequency domain reflectometer and the like. The method is based on the optical principle to measure the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber mode birefringence, and different optical principle measuring methods have the deviation of precision and are influenced by measuring tools and environment. Therefore, a person skilled in the art is required to provide a measurement scheme to change the measurement method based on the optical principle so as to improve the measurement accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring the mode birefringence of a high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber, so as to realize the purpose of accurately measuring the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for measuring mode birefringence of a high-birefringence polarization maintaining fiber. The measuring device comprises a wide-spectrum light source, a polarizer, an electro-optical modulator, a high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured, an analyzer, a photoelectric detector, a mixer, a data acquisition circuit and a computer, wherein the polarizer, the electro-optical modulator, the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured, the analyzer, the photoelectric detector, the mixer, the data acquisition circuit and the computer are sequentially arranged in the light propagation direction; the microwave power divider is connected with the sweep frequency signal source, the microwave phase shifter is connected with the second output end of the microwave power divider, the output end of the microwave phase shifter is connected with the local oscillator input end of the mixer, and the second microwave signal is input into the mixer;
the first output end of the microwave power divider is connected with the radio frequency input end of the electro-optical modulator, the electro-optical modulator modulates the first microwave signal output by the microwave power divider onto light to form an optical carrier microwave signal, the optical carrier microwave signal passes through the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be detected to form two optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences, the optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences pass through the photoelectric detector and are input to the radio frequency input end of the mixer, the mixer inputs the direct current signals of the two optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences and the intermediate frequency signal after the second microwave signal is mixed through the low-pass filter to the data acquisition circuit, and the data acquisition circuit inputs the frequencies of the direct current signals at different amplitude values to the computer for calculation.
Optionally, the output end of the electro-optical modulator is a polarization maintaining fiber and is connected with the high-birefringence polarization maintaining fiber to be tested in a 45-degree fusion mode.
Optionally, two polarization local oscillation axes of the high-birefringence polarization-preserving fiber to be measured form an included angle of 45 degrees with the polarization analyzer.
Optionally, a low noise amplifier is further arranged between the photodetector and the mixer.
Optionally, a low-pass filter is further disposed between the mixer and the data acquisition circuit.
Optionally, the measuring device further comprises an electro-optical modulator control circuit, and the electro-optical modulator control circuit is connected with the electro-optical modulator.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber, which comprises the following steps of:
controlling a sweep frequency signal source to input microwave signals;
controlling an electro-optical modulator to modulate the microwave signal onto the optical carrier wave to obtain an optical carrier microwave signal;
acquiring frequency values corresponding to any two adjacent troughs of a direct current signal output by a data acquisition circuit in a measuring device of the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization maintaining fiber;
acquiring the length of a polarization maintaining optical fiber to be measured;
according to the frequency value corresponding to any two adjacent wave troughs or wave peaks, utilizing a formulaCalculating the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber; wherein f 1 And f 2 And L is the length of the polarization maintaining optical fiber to be measured, and c is the light speed.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the mode birefringence of a high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber. The measurement result is irrelevant to the amplitude values of two input signals of the mixer, and the problem that the fluctuation of the input signals has a large influence on the measurement result when the mixer mixes and measures is solved.
In addition, the method is more accurate in measuring the mode birefringence of the long-distance polarization maintaining optical fiber, and solves the problem that the traditional optical measurement method can only measure the mode birefringence of the short-distance polarization maintaining optical fiber.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring mode birefringence of a high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
The device for measuring the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber provided by the embodiment comprises a wide-spectrum light source 101, a polarizer 102, an electro-optical modulator 103, a high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber 104 to be measured, an analyzer 105, a photoelectric detector 106, a mixer 202, a data acquisition circuit 204 and a computer 205, wherein the polarizer 102, the electro-optical modulator 103, the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured, the analyzer 105, the photoelectric detector 106, the mixer 202 and the data acquisition circuit 204 are sequentially arranged in the light propagation direction; the frequency sweeping signal source 108, the microwave power divider 109 connected with the frequency sweeping signal source 108, and the microwave phase shifter 201 connected with the second output end of the microwave power divider 109, wherein the output end of the microwave phase shifter 201 is connected with the local oscillation input end of the mixer 202, and the second microwave signal is input into the mixer 202;
the first output end of the microwave power divider 109 is connected to the radio frequency input end of the electro-optical modulator 103, the electro-optical modulator 103 modulates the first microwave signal output by the microwave power divider 109 onto an optical carrier to form an optical carrier microwave signal, the optical carrier microwave signal passes through the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization maintaining fiber 104 to form two optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences, the optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences are input to the radio frequency input end of the mixer 202 after passing through the photodetector 106, the mixer 202 inputs the direct current signals obtained by mixing the optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences and the second microwave signal to the data acquisition circuit 204 after passing through a low-pass filter, and the data acquisition circuit 204 inputs the frequencies of the direct current signals at different amplitudes to the computer 205 for calculation.
Specifically, the sweep signal source 108 sends a trigger signal to the data acquisition circuit 204 to trigger the data acquisition circuit to acquire a dc signal when performing each frequency adjustment, and simultaneously transmits the frequency value during the scanning to the computer 205. A direct current signal containing optical path difference information is transmitted to the computer 205. The computer 205 obtains the mode birefringence of the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber according to the frequency value of the microwave signal output by the microwave signal source corresponding to the two adjacent minimum direct current signals obtained by the data acquisition circuit and the length of the to-be-detected polarization-maintaining fiber.
In order to improve measurement accuracy and avoid signal interference, in practical application, the embodiment further includes a low-noise amplifier 107 between the photodetector 106 and the mixer 202, and a low-pass filter 203 between the mixer 202 and the data acquisition circuit 204.
For ease of control, the measuring device further comprises an electro-optic modulator control circuit 206, the electro-optic modulator control circuit 206 being connected to the electro-optic modulator 103.
Specifically, the signal propagation process and the working principle of the present embodiment are as follows:
the broad spectrum light source 101 passes through the polarizer 102 and becomes linearly polarized light, which enters the electro-optical modulator 103. The microwave signal output by the sweep frequency signal source 108 is divided into two paths by the microwave power divider 109, a first microwave signal output by one path is input into the electro-optical modulator 103, and a second microwave signal output by the other path is used as a local oscillation signal of the mixer 202. The electro-optical modulator 103 modulates the first microwave signal loaded to the radio frequency input end of the electro-optical modulator onto the optical domain of the linearly polarized light to output an optical carrier microwave signal. The light-carrying microwave signals enter the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber 104, the polarization-maintaining optical fiber at the output end of the electro-optical modulator is welded with the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber 104 at 45 degrees, at the moment, two paths of light-carrying microwave signals are transmitted on two polarization local oscillation axes of the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber 104, the vibration directions of the two paths of light-carrying microwave signals are mutually perpendicular, and after the two paths of light-carrying microwave signals are subjected to polarization detection by the polarization analyzer 105 forming an included angle of 45 degrees with the two polarization local oscillation axes of the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber 104, the vibration directions of the two paths of light-carrying microwave signals are aligned. Due to the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber 104 to be detected, the optical path difference of the two paths of optical-load microwave signals at the output end of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber 104 to be detected is different; because the coherence length of the light source is very short, when the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber 104 is long, the two paths of light cannot interfere after being subjected to polarization detection by the polarization analyzer 105. The two paths of light-carried microwave signals output by the analyzer 105 enter the photoelectric detector 106, the photoelectric detector converts the light-carried microwave signals into microwave signals, the microwave signals are amplified by the low-noise amplifier 107 and then enter the radio frequency input port of the mixer 202, the second microwave signals output by the other path of the microwave power divider 109 are loaded to the local oscillation input end of the mixer 202 after passing through the microwave phase shifter 201, the intermediate frequency signals output after mixing the two signals are converted into direct current signals after passing through the low-pass filter 203 and enter the data acquisition circuit 204, the data acquisition circuit measures and outputs frequency values at different amplitude values of the direct current signals and transmits the frequency measurement results to the computer, and the computer calculates the mode birefringence of the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber according to a set formula.
Based on the above embodiment, the method for measuring mode birefringence of a high-birefringent polarization-maintaining fiber according to the present invention is a method for measuring mode birefringence of a high-birefringent polarization-maintaining fiber using the above measuring device, the measuring method comprising:
controlling a sweep frequency signal source to input microwave signals;
controlling an electro-optical modulator to modulate the microwave signal onto the optical carrier wave to obtain an optical carrier microwave signal;
acquiring frequency values corresponding to any two adjacent troughs of a direct current signal output by a data acquisition circuit in a measuring device of the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization maintaining fiber;
acquiring the length of a polarization maintaining optical fiber to be measured;
according to the frequency value corresponding to any two adjacent wave troughs or wave peaks, utilizing a formulaCalculating the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber; wherein f 1 And f 2 And the frequency value corresponding to any two adjacent wave troughs or wave peaks is L, the length of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured is L, and c is the light speed.
The above measurement formulaThe derivation process of (2) is as follows:
the microwave signal output by the sweep signal source can be expressed as:
V out (t)＝Vcos2πf m t (1)
wherein V is the amplitude of the microwave signal, f m Is the frequency of the microwave signal. The microwave signal is loaded on the light through the electro-optic modulator, and the change of the phase of the light transmitted in the electro-optic modulator is as follows:
wherein V is π Is half-wave voltage of electro-optic modulator, V DC For dc bias voltage of electro-optic modulator. After the light output by the laser of the wide-spectrum light source is modulated by the electro-optical modulator, the output light intensity can be expressed as:
the output end of the electro-optical modulator is welded with the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured at 45 degrees, the output optical signal is divided into two paths of light after passing through the melting point and is transmitted in the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured, and at the output end of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured, the two paths of signals can be respectively expressed as:
in the above, xi is the loss of the optical path, I 0 The light intensity outputted by the wide-spectrum light source is delta phi, after the light-carried microwave signal passes through the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber, the phase difference of the two paths of signals exists due to the mode birefringence of the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber, and the phase difference is expressed as:
Δφ＝2πf m BL/c (6)
in the above formula, c is the light speed, B is the mode birefringence of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured, and L is the length of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured. The voltage converted by the photoelectric current output by the high-speed photoelectric detection after flowing through the load can be expressed as:
in the above formula A 1 Is the conversion factor from light intensity to output voltage. The second microwave signal of the sweep frequency microwave signal source power division is used as a local oscillator signal to enter a microwave phase shifter, and the microwave phase shifter is adjusted to enable the local oscillator signal to be:
V LO ＝A 2 cos(2πf m ) (8)
in the above formula A 2 Is the amplitude of the local oscillator signal. The radio frequency signal passing through the to-be-detected high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber is mixed with the local oscillation signal through a mixer, and the output of the mixer can be expressed as:
it can be seen from the above that when the frequency of the signal source is changed during measurement, the output of the mixer generates a periodic voltage signal with the change of frequency, the frequency interval between two adjacent lowest points of the periodic signal is a period, and the frequency of the two adjacent lowest points or highest points is assumed to be f 1 And f 2 The mode birefringence of the polarization maintaining fiber to be measured can be expressed as:
from the above, the mode birefringence of the polarization maintaining fiber to be measured can be obtained according to the frequency values of two adjacent wave troughs of the direct current signal and the length of the polarization maintaining fiber to be measured, which are measured by the data acquisition circuit. It can be seen that the measurement result is irrelevant to the amplitude of the two input signals of the mixer, and the problem that the fluctuation of the input signals has a larger influence on the measurement result when the mixer mixes the measurement is solved.
For example, the measurement accuracy is that the mode birefringence of a common panda polarization-maintaining fiber is 0.00054, if the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be measured is 100m, the frequency interval between two adjacent peaks or troughs of the intermediate frequency signal output by the corresponding mixer is 5.6GHz, and the index can be realized by a common frequency sweeping signal source and a frequency spectrum I. However, if the length of the optical fiber to be measured is 10 meters, the frequency interval between two adjacent peaks or troughs of the intermediate frequency signal output by the mixer is 56GHz, which has high bandwidth requirement on the intermediate frequency output of the mixer. Therefore, the method is more suitable for measuring the mode birefringence of the long-distance polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and the problem that the traditional optical measurement method can only measure the mode birefringence of the short-distance polarization-maintaining optical fiber at present is solved.
The Gao Shuang refraction polarization-maintaining fiber mode birefringence measurement method can be actually as follows:
after power-on, the electro-optic modulator control circuit controls the electro-optic modulator to work at a linear working point.
The data acquisition circuit measures the direct current signal of the low-pass filter, and selects the frequency value corresponding to any two adjacent wave troughs in the waveform data obtained by the data acquisition circuit. The mode birefringence of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be measured can be obtained according to the formula (10).
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The measuring device is characterized by comprising a wide-spectrum light source, a polarizer, an electro-optical modulator, a high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured, an analyzer, a photoelectric detector, a mixer, a data acquisition circuit and a computer, wherein the polarizer, the electro-optical modulator, the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured, the analyzer, the photoelectric detector, the mixer and the data acquisition circuit are sequentially arranged in the light propagation direction; the microwave power divider is connected with the sweep frequency signal source, the microwave phase shifter is connected with the second output end of the microwave power divider, the output end of the microwave phase shifter is connected with the local oscillator input end of the mixer, and a second microwave signal is input into the mixer;
the first output end of the microwave power divider is connected with the radio frequency input end of the electro-optical modulator, the electro-optical modulator modulates the first microwave signal output by the microwave power divider onto light to form an optical carrier microwave signal, the optical carrier microwave signal passes through the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be detected to form two optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences, the optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences pass through the photoelectric detector and are input to the radio frequency input end of the mixer, the mixer inputs the direct current signals of the two optical carrier microwave signals with different optical path differences and the intermediate frequency signal after the second microwave signal is mixed through the low-pass filter to the data acquisition circuit, and the data acquisition circuit inputs the frequencies of the direct current signals at different amplitude values to the computer for calculation.
2. The device for measuring the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber according to claim 1, wherein the output end of the electro-optical modulator is the polarization-maintaining fiber and is connected with the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber to be measured in a 45-degree fusion mode.
3. The device for measuring the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber according to claim 1, wherein two polarization local oscillation axes of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber to be measured form an included angle of 45 degrees with the analyzer.
4. The device for measuring the mode birefringence of a high-birefringent polarization maintaining fiber according to claim 1, wherein a low noise amplifier is further provided between the photodetector and the mixer.
5. The device for measuring mode birefringence of a high-birefringent polarization maintaining fiber according to claim 1, further comprising an electro-optical modulator control circuit connected to the electro-optical modulator.
6. A method for measuring the mode birefringence of a high-birefringent polarization maintaining fiber, characterized in that the measurement is performed by using the measuring device for the mode birefringence of a high-birefringent polarization maintaining fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the measuring method comprising:
controlling a sweep frequency signal source to input microwave signals;
controlling an electro-optical modulator to modulate the microwave signal onto an optical carrier wave to obtain an optical carrier microwave signal;
acquiring frequency values corresponding to any two adjacent troughs of a direct current signal output by a data acquisition circuit in a measuring device of the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization maintaining fiber;
acquiring the length of a polarization maintaining optical fiber to be measured;
according to the frequency value corresponding to any two adjacent wave troughs or wave peaks, utilizing a formulaCalculating the mode birefringence of the high-birefringence polarization-maintaining optical fiber; wherein f 1 And f 2 And L is the length of the polarization maintaining optical fiber to be measured, and c is the light speed.
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