CN205825899U - A kind of quantum fibre optic interferometer - Google Patents
A kind of quantum fibre optic interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN205825899U CN205825899U CN201620738607.4U CN201620738607U CN205825899U CN 205825899 U CN205825899 U CN 205825899U CN 201620738607 U CN201620738607 U CN 201620738607U CN 205825899 U CN205825899 U CN 205825899U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of quantum fibre optic interferometer, including quantum squeezed light light source, electrooptic modulator, the first fiber optic splitter, the first optical fiber phase shifter, the second optical fiber phase shifter, the second fiber optic splitter and balanced detector.This utility model overcomes the defect of the limited classical shot noise limit of existing interferometer system, and this system can use high-frequency compression source to carry out low frequency phase measurement simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to Technology of Precision Measurement field, particularly relates to a kind of quantum fibre optic interferometer.
Background technology
In field of precision measurement, the measurement for a lot of physical quantitys is all attributed to the measurement to phase place, thus interferometer becomes
For experimental provision most commonly seen in accurate measurement, in basic scientific research (such as the measurement of physics constant) and actual work
Cheng Yingyong (such as navigator fix, resource exploration) plays vital effect.It is presently used for the long base of gravitational wave detection
Line laser interferometer, its sensitivity reaches～10-23εHz-1/2, it is the highest interferometer of current sensitivity.But it is this most empty
Between type interferometer structure complicated and bulky, easily affected by ambient temperature, sound and vibration so that interferometry is unstable
Fixed, adjust more difficult, limit its extensive application in fields such as industry.Optical-fiber type interferometer can reduce interferometer by contrast
The intrinsic difficulty of long-armed Installation And Calibration, and interferometer miniaturization can be made；Additionally can make optical interference circuit by lengthening optical fiber
Response sensitivity increases.Fibre optic interferometer is also with the optical fiber sensitivity characteristic to some physical quantity simultaneously, thus as sensing
Element detects many physical quantity such as displacement, strain, magnetic field, rotations etc..In view of volume is little, easily build, highly sensitive, bandwidth
And the plurality of advantages such as electromagnetism interference, optical-fiber type interferometer is widely used in the numerous areas such as space flight navigation.
The certainty of measurement of interferometer depends on noise and the quantum fluctuation of detection state of system, and the latter determines certainty of measurement
The final limit.The vacuum noise introduced by the vacuum fluctuation of electromagnetic field is a kind of typical quantum noise, causes to be measured
There is a standard quantum limit in certainty of measurement, this is the limit generally using classical light source to reach.And pass through usage amount
Son detection state, such as squeezed state or multi-photon Entangled State, can break through standard quantum limit.At present in free space type interferometer
Achieve the certainty of measurement surmounting standard quantum limit, but the actual application of quantum techniques in fibre optic interferometer measurement system
The rarest, it is faced with lot of challenges.First, in fibre optic interferometer, measured signal frequency is generally at several Hz to tens kHz
Scope.In low-frequency range, the technology noise ratio shot such as electronic noise including the frequency of laser instrument and power noise, detector etc. is made an uproar
The big many of sound, whether low-frequency compression light source or low frequency quantum are measured the most difficult.Secondly, optical fiber in fibre optic interferometer
Coupling, optical-fiber type manipulator, fiber alignment etc. all can introduce photonic losses, and absorption and the scattering of fiber medium also can increase damage
Consumption.But Quantum Light Fields is non-classical optical state, its Quantum Properties increases and linear attenuation along with photonic losses, thus causes quantum
Detection accuracy declines.Therefore photonic losses is the difficult point that quantum techniques is applied to fibre optic interferometer.
Utility model content
Utility model purpose: the problem that this utility model exists for prior art, it is provided that a kind of quantum fibre optic interferometer,
To overcome the defect of the limited classical shot noise limit of existing interferometer system, this system is designed to use high-frequency compression simultaneously
Source carries out low frequency phase measurement.
Technical scheme: quantum fibre optic interferometer described in the utility model includes:
Quantum squeezed light light source, is used for sending coherent light and quantum squeezed light；
Electrooptic modulator, connects coherent light light source, for receiving the coherent light that quantum squeezed light light source sends, and carries out height
Frequently amplitude modulation(PAM)；
First fiber optic splitter, connects quantum squeezed light light source and electrooptic modulator, for by quantum squeezed light and modulation
After coherent light be divided into two bundles, a branch of entrance the first optical fiber phase shifter, another bundle entered for second optical fiber phase shifter；
First optical fiber phase shifter, connect the first fiber optic splitter, for scanning and lock the phase contrast of two-arm；
Second optical fiber phase shifter, connecting the first fiber optic splitter, the loss for two-arm is mated；
Second fiber optic splitter, connects the first optical fiber phase shifter and the second optical fiber phase shifter, for by the first optical fiber phase shift
The light of device and the output of the second optical fiber phase shifter is divided into two bundles, and respectively enters balanced detector；
Balanced detector, connects the second fiber optic splitter, for the light beam of detection the second fiber optic splitter output；
Wherein, described balanced detector comprises the first photodiode and second photodiode of gain match, specifically
For ETX500InGaAs, quantum efficiency is 90%, can effectively eliminate the impact of environmental perturbation.First photodiode and
Two photodiodes connect the second fiber optic splitter respectively, for the two light beams of detection the second fiber optic splitter output.
Further, it is the two-arm of interferometer between described first fiber optic splitter and the second fiber optic splitter, two brachiums
Degree is 10m.
Further, described quantum squeezed light light source is specially continuous variable compression light source.The degree of compression of squeezed light is the highest,
The quantum noise of quadrature component is the lowest, and the certainty of measurement of interferometer is the highest.
Further, described electrooptic modulator is waveguide type electric light amplitude modulator, and half-wave voltage is 3.5V, modulating frequency
For 2.5MHz so that system can apply to low frequency signal and measures.
Further, described first fiber optic splitter and described second fiber optic splitter are the light that splitting ratio is 50/50
Fine beam splitter.
Further, described first optical fiber phase shifter and the second optical fiber phase shifter particularly as follows: operation wavelength be 1080nm, half
Wave voltage is the phase shifter of 11V.
Further, the phase contrast of described first optical fiber phase shifter locking two-arm is pi/2.When two-arm phase contrast is pi/2,
The sensitivity of its phase measurement is maximum, therefore uses the optical fiber phase shifter that interferometer two-arm phase contrast is locked in pi/2.
Further, described balanced detector is provided with the DC output end mouth of DC-10kHz and exchanging of 0.5MHz-10MHz
Output port；Described interferometer also includes servo amplifier, high-voltage amplifier and lock-in amplifier；Wherein, DC output end mouth
The signal of output is after servo amplifier and high-voltage amplifier amplify, and transmission to the first optical fiber phase shifter is for the lock of phase contrast
Fixed, the signal of ac output end mouth after lock-in amplifier demodulates as the output of interferometer.
Further, described quantum squeezed light light source, electrooptic modulator, the first fiber optic splitter, the first optical fiber phase shifter,
Second optical fiber phase shifter, the second fiber optic splitter and balanced detector are all that single mode protects bias tyre device, and connection is adopted each other
Optical fiber also for single mode protect bias tyre optical fiber.Thus homogeneity is the highest, finally measurement obtains the loss of interferometer and is only 20%, dry
Relate to contrast and reach 99%.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is this utility model: this utility model is by quantum squeezed light
It is injected in interferometer, utilizes the quadrature phase compression property of squeezed light so that the signal to noise ratio of interferometer breaks through classical shot and makes an uproar
Sound limit, this Fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer being traditional is beyond one's reach.This quantum inteferometer can measure low frequency simultaneously
Phase signal, it is possible to be applied to the quantum sensing of strain, temperature etc..Additionally, this utility model level of integrated system is high, volume is little,
Can access in other system very easily.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of the quantum fibre optic interferometer that this utility model provides；
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of quantum squeezed light light source；
The noise power spectrum of Fig. 3 squeezed light；
Noise spectrum after the demodulation of Fig. 4 (a) interferometer output signal, mid frequency is 30kHz；
Noise spectrum after the demodulation of Fig. 4 (b) interferometer output signal, mid frequency is 80kHz；
Noise spectrum after the demodulation of Fig. 4 (c) interferometer output signal, mid frequency is 150kHz.
Detailed description of the invention
As it is shown in figure 1, the quantum fibre optic interferometer of the present embodiment include quantum squeezed light light source 1, electrooptic modulator 2,
One 3, first optical fiber phase shifter of fiber optic splitter the 4, second optical fiber phase shifter the 5, second fiber optic splitter 6 and balanced detector 7.Its
In, quantum squeezed light light source 1 is specially continuous variable compression light source, is used for sending coherent light and quantum squeezed light.Electro-optical Modulation
Device 2 connects quantum squeezed light light source 1, for receiving the coherent light that quantum squeezed light light source sends, and carries out rf amplitude modulation,
Electrooptic modulator 2 is specially waveguide type electric light amplitude modulator, and half-wave voltage is 3.5V, and modulating frequency is 2.5MHz.First light
Fine beam splitter 3 connects quantum squeezed light light source 1 and electrooptic modulator 2, for being divided by the coherent light after quantum squeezed light and modulation
Being two bundles, a branch of entrance the first optical fiber phase shifter 4, another bundle entered for the second optical fiber phase shifter 5.First fiber optic splitter 3 and
Being the two-arm of interferometer between two fiber optic splitters 4, two arm lengths are 10m.First optical fiber phase shifter 4 connected the first optical fiber and divides
Bundle device 3, for scanning and lock the phase contrast of two-arm, the phase contrast of concrete locking two-arm is pi/2.Second optical fiber phase shifter 5 is even
Connecing the first fiber optic splitter 3, the loss for two-arm is mated.First optical fiber phase shifter 4 and the second optical fiber phase shifter 5 operation wavelength
It is 11V for 1080nm, half-wave voltage.Second fiber optic splitter 6 connected for the first optical fiber phase shifter 4 and the second optical fiber phase shifter 5, used
In the light that the first optical fiber phase shifter 4 and the second optical fiber phase shifter 5 export is divided into two bundles, and respectively enter balanced detector 7.The
One fiber optic splitter 3 and the second fiber optic splitter 6 splitting ratio are 50/50.Balanced detector 7 connects the second fiber optic splitter 6,
For detecting the light beam of the second fiber optic splitter 6 output.Balanced detector comprises first photodiode and of gain match
Two photodiodes, specially ETX500InGaAs.First photodiode and the second photodiode connect the second light respectively
Fine beam splitter 6, for the two light beams of detection the second fiber optic splitter 6 output.Balanced detector 7 is provided with the direct current of DC-10kHz
The ac output end mouth of output port and 0.5MHz-10MHz；The signal of DC output end mouth output is through servo amplifier and high pressure
After amplifier amplifies, transmission to the first optical fiber phase shifter is for the locking of phase contrast, and the signal of ac output end mouth is put through phase-locked
As the output of interferometer after big device demodulation.Wherein, quantum squeezed light light source 1, electrooptic modulator the 2, first fiber optic splitter 3,
First 4, second optical fiber phase shifter of optical fiber phase shifter the 5, second fiber optic splitter 6 and balanced detector 7 are all that single mode protects bias tyre device
Part, and the optical fiber being connected by each other is also for single mode guarantor's bias tyre optical fiber.
Quantum fibre optic interferometer according to Fig. 1, analyzes as follows to its phase measurement accuracy.Coherent light and squeezed light
Linearisation operator is expressed asWithWherein a0For average light field,WithFor light field
Quantum fluctuation.Coherent light is expressed as through amplitude modulation(PAM) (when Electro-optical Modulation gain maximum)
Wherein Ω is modulating frequency, Jk=Jk(M) (k=0,1) is k rank Bessel functions.When two-beam injection fibre is interfered
Instrument (phase contrast of interferometer is locked in pi/2), detects through balanced detector, after lock-in amplifier demodulation, and quantum inteferometer defeated
Go out signal can be written as
WhereinFor interferometer two-arm phase contrast andθ is coherent light and squeezed light
Phase bits phase.The certainty of measurement of interferometer is
When the squeezed light injected is quadrature phase squeezed light(r is the compressibility factor of squeezed light) and θ=
When 0, the phase measurement accuracy of interferometer isRelative to traditional interferometer, i.e. phase place essence during vacuum field incidence
DegreeThe precision of quantum inteferometer improves er.Therefore the phase measurement accuracy of this quantum inteferometer can break through warp
Allusion quotation shot noise limit, and low frequency phase measurement can be realized with high-frequency compression light.
Fig. 2 is that quantum compresses light source 1, and it includes a twin wavelength laser output single-frequency running continuous-wave laser (Nd:YAP/
LBO) 101,1080nm and 540nm laser can be exported, by two-phase color mirror 103, two-beam is separated, respectively as non-letter
And the flashlight of optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) 110 and pump light.1080nm laser first passes around a pattern cleaner
105, it is possible to decrease the intensity noise of laser and obtain more preferable spatial model.1080nm laser is divided into two bundles by spectroscope 107, and one
Shu Guang coupled to single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 109 by fiber coupler 108, provides coherent source for fibre optic interferometer.Another light beam
NOPA chamber 112 is imported to by two-phase color mirror 111 again through isolator 110.540nm laser be also required to into a pattern cleaner
106 import to NOPA chamber 112 through two-phase color mirror 111 again.NOPA chamber have employed half whole cavity configuration, one of α-cut two classes
The potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal of coupling is as input mirror, and radius of curvature is that the concave mirror of 50mm is as outgoing mirror.At NOPA intracavity II
Producing a pair frequencies into degeneration through the anti-amplification process of parameter in the ktp crystal of saphe coupling, the 1080nm of polarized orthogonal tangles
Light.This tangles light for a pair and is coupled as the dark mold compression light of quadrature phase compression (orthogonal amplitude compression) in-45 ° of (+45 °) directions
(bright mold compression light).By a half-wave plate 113 and polarization beam splitter 114, dark mold compression light is selected, then through fiber coupler
115 are coupled through single-mode polarization maintaining fiber 116.Dark mold compression light is the quantum light source of quantum inteferometer.
Fig. 3 gives the degree of compression of dark mold compression light and measures.Use balanced homodyne detection method measurement to be coupled to single mode to protect
Squeezed light after polarisation fibre.The shot noise that the curve (i) of Fig. 3 is corresponding, now squeezed light is blocked.Curve (ii) represents compression
The quadrature component noise of light, during measurement, the phase para-position to local light with squeezed light carries out linear scanning mutually, the center frequency of audiofrequency spectrometer
Rate is 2.5MHz, RBW=3kHz, VBW=30Hz.The dark mold compression degree understanding experiment measurement according to Fig. 3 is 4dB.Optical fiber couples
Efficiency is 80%, and detective quantum efficiency is 90%, contrast 99%, and the most total detection efficient is 71.3%.Consider total spy
After surveying efficiency, the degree of compression of the dark mold compression light of NOPA chamber output is 8dB.
Fig. 4 gives the output noise measurement result of quantum fibre optic interferometer, look-in frequency be respectively 30kHz, 80kHz and
150kHz.Shot noise when injecting relative to not having squeezed light, after injecting high-frequency compression light, the system noise fall of interferometer
Low 2dB.The parameter of audiofrequency spectrometer is RBW=3kHz, VBW=30Hz.Efficiency of transmission 60% during measurement, detective quantum efficiency is
90%, interference efficiency 99%, the most total detection efficient is 53.5%, according to the formula of interferometer measurement precision above, can measure
Improve 2.4dB on the sensitivity theory of sub-interferometer, meet preferably with experimental result.Test result shows a kind of quantum accordingly
Fibre optic interferometer can utilize high-frequency compression source to realize low frequency phase and measure, and certainty of measurement breaches shot noise limit 2dB.
Above disclosed only this utility model one preferred embodiment, it is impossible to limit this utility model with this
Interest field, the equivalent variations therefore made according to this utility model claim, still belong to the scope that this utility model is contained.
Claims (9)
1. a quantum fibre optic interferometer, it is characterised in that this interferometer includes:
Quantum squeezed light light source, is used for sending coherent light and quantum squeezed light；
Electrooptic modulator, connects coherent light light source, for receiving the coherent light that quantum squeezed light light source sends, and carries out high frequency width
Degree modulation；
First fiber optic splitter, connects quantum squeezed light light source and electrooptic modulator, for by after quantum squeezed light and modulation
Coherent light is divided into two bundles, a branch of entrance the first optical fiber phase shifter, and another bundle entered for the second optical fiber phase shifter；
First optical fiber phase shifter, connect the first fiber optic splitter, for scanning and lock the phase contrast of two-arm；
Second optical fiber phase shifter, connecting the first fiber optic splitter, the loss for two-arm is mated；
Second fiber optic splitter, connects the first optical fiber phase shifter and the second optical fiber phase shifter, for by the first optical fiber phase shifter and
The light of the second optical fiber phase shifter output is divided into two bundles, and respectively enters balanced detector；
Balanced detector, connects the second fiber optic splitter, for the light beam of detection the second fiber optic splitter output；
Wherein, described balanced detector comprises the first photodiode and second photodiode of gain match, the first photoelectricity
Diode and the second photodiode connect the second fiber optic splitter respectively, for two bundles of detection the second fiber optic splitter output
Light beam.
Quantum fibre optic interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described first fiber optic splitter and the second light
Being the two-arm of interferometer between fine beam splitter, two arm lengths are 10m.
Quantum fibre optic interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described quantum squeezed light light source specially connects
Continuous variable compression light source.
Quantum fibre optic interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described electrooptic modulator is waveguide type electric light
Amplitude modulator, half-wave voltage is 3.5V, and modulating frequency is 2.5MHz.
Quantum fibre optic interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described first fiber optic splitter and described
Two fiber optic splitters are the fiber optic splitter that splitting ratio is 50/50.
Quantum fibre optic interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described first optical fiber phase shifter and the second light
The fine phase shifter particularly as follows: operation wavelength be 1080nm, half-wave voltage be the phase shifter of 11V.
Quantum fibre optic interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described first optical fiber phase shifter locking two-arm
Phase contrast be pi/2.
Quantum fibre optic interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described balanced detector is provided with direct current output
Port and ac output end mouth；Described interferometer also includes servo amplifier, high-voltage amplifier and lock-in amplifier；Wherein, directly
The signal of stream output port output, after servo amplifier and high-voltage amplifier amplify, transmits to the first optical fiber phase shifter for phase
The locking of potential difference, the signal of ac output end mouth after lock-in amplifier demodulates as the output of interferometer.
9. according to the quantum fibre optic interferometer described in any one in claim 1-8, it is characterised in that: described quantum squeezed light
Light source, electrooptic modulator, the first fiber optic splitter, the first optical fiber phase shifter, the second optical fiber phase shifter, the second fiber optic splitter and
Balanced detector is all that single mode protects bias tyre device, and the optical fiber being connected by each other also protects bias tyre optical fiber for single mode.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106225666A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-14 | 南京大学 | A kind of quantum fibre optic interferometer |
| CN107917877A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-17 | 苏州润桐专利运营有限公司 | A kind of Optical Fider Hybrogen Sensor demodulation method |
| CN111207667A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-29 | 山西大学 | Quantum interferometer device based on optical parametric amplifier |
-
2016
- 2016-07-13 CN CN201620738607.4U patent/CN205825899U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106225666A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-14 | 南京大学 | A kind of quantum fibre optic interferometer |
| CN107917877A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-17 | 苏州润桐专利运营有限公司 | A kind of Optical Fider Hybrogen Sensor demodulation method |
| CN111207667A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-29 | 山西大学 | Quantum interferometer device based on optical parametric amplifier |
| CN111207667B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-05-14 | 山西大学 | Quantum interferometer device based on optical parametric amplifier |
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