CN107917002A - 用于内燃发动机的启动准备以及用于随后启动的方法 - Google Patents

用于内燃发动机的启动准备以及用于随后启动的方法 Download PDF

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CN107917002A
CN107917002A CN201710906049.7A CN201710906049A CN107917002A CN 107917002 A CN107917002 A CN 107917002A CN 201710906049 A CN201710906049 A CN 201710906049A CN 107917002 A CN107917002 A CN 107917002A
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single cylinder
fuel
feed pipe
pipe line
cylinder group
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S.施托尔
S.卡纳尔
N.贝克霍夫
B.普法芬贝格
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel and Turbo SE
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Abstract

一种用于内燃发动机的启动准备以及用于随后启动的方法,内燃发动机具有汽缸的一个组，其经由单个汽缸组燃料供给管线被供给气态燃料，通向相应组的汽缸的单个汽缸燃料供给管线从单个汽缸组燃料供给管线分支，所述方法具有以下步骤：在步骤a）中，清空了气态燃料并且填充有空气的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线通过打开单个汽缸组燃料供给阀以限定的方式被填充有气态燃料，并在过程中监控单个汽缸组燃料供给管线中的压力是否在限定的时间段期间置于限定的压力范围中，当在步骤a）中确立了压力在限定的时间段期间置于限定的压力范围中时，气态燃料在随后的步骤b）中通过打开并随后关闭单个汽缸燃料供给阀而被均匀地分布在单个汽缸组燃料供给管线中。

Description

用于内燃发动机的启动准备以及用于随后启动的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于被设计为燃气发动机或双燃料发动机的内燃发动机的启动准备以及优选地用于随后启动的方法。
背景技术
致力于此的本领域技术人员熟悉被设计为燃气发动机或被设计为双燃料发动机的内燃发动机的基本构造和基本模式。相应地，燃气发动机通常包括多个汽缸，专用的气态燃料（例如甲烷）在多个汽缸中燃烧。通常，双燃料发动机同样地包括多个汽缸，在多个汽缸中，诸如柴油的液态燃料可以在第一操作模式中燃烧而诸如甲烷的气态燃料可以在第二操作模式中燃烧。燃气发动机的汽缸或双燃料发动机的汽缸通常被布置成定位成行的多个汽缸的至少一个组。定位成行的汽缸的每个组可以经由单个汽缸组燃料供给管线被供给气态燃料，其中，汽缸单个供给管线从单个汽缸组燃料供给管线分支，汽缸单个供给管线将组中的相应的汽缸连接到单个汽缸组燃料供给管线。
在燃气发动机的情形中，单个汽缸组燃料供给管线在常规操作期间总是填充有气态燃料，也就是甚至特别地当燃气发动机被关停时也填充有气态燃料。然而，为了执行维护操作，排空单个汽缸组燃料供给管线，以致为了燃气发动机的随后启动，相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线必须填充有气态燃料。
在双燃料发动机的情形中，仅特别地当气态燃料在汽缸中实际燃烧时单个汽缸组燃料供给管线填充有气态燃料。相反地，当液态燃料（例如柴油）在双燃料发动机的汽缸中燃烧时，排空用于气态燃料的相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线并且使其特别地填充有空气或惰性气体。为了从其中液态燃料在双燃料发动机中燃烧的双燃料发动机的操作模式出发而改变成其中气态燃料在双燃料发动机中燃烧的操作模式，则必须以限定的方式使相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线填充有气态燃料。相同的情形存在于将要采用气态燃料来启动双燃料发动机的情况中。
迄今为止，在如下情况中存在困难：在燃料供给管线清空气态燃料的情况下执行维护操作之后恰当地启动燃气发动机以及当从液态燃料操作模式改变成气体燃料操作模式时恰当地启动双燃料发动机。因此需要一种用于被设计为燃气发动机或被设计为双燃料发动机的内燃发动机的启动准备的方法，借助于该方法，特别地当用于气态燃料管线的相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线清空气态燃料时，燃气发动机或双燃料发动机可以安全地并可靠地采用气态燃料来启动。
发明内容
从此出发，本发明是基于创建用于设计为燃气发动机或双燃料发动机的内燃发动机的启动准备的一种新的方法的目的。
该目的通过根据权利要求1的方法而得以解决。
在第一步骤a）中，清空了气态燃料并且特别地填充有环境空气或惰性气体的相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线以限定的方式被初始地填充有气态燃料，并且在过程中监控在关闭单个汽缸组燃料供给阀之后，存在于相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线中的压力是否在限定的时间段期间置于限定的压力范围中。特别地当在步骤a）中确立了存在于相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线中的压力在限定的时间段期间置于限定的压力范围中时，气态燃料在随后的步骤b）中通过打开并随后关闭单个汽缸组燃料供给阀而被均匀地分布在相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线中，所述单个汽缸组燃料供给阀配属于组中的沿燃气流方向的最后一个汽缸或者组中的最后一个汽缸的相应的单个汽缸燃料供给管线。在随后的步骤c）中，内燃发动机可以采用气态燃料来启动。采用根据本发明的方法，相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线初始在步骤a）中经受泄漏测试。仅特别地当在步骤a）中确立了相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线是防泄漏的时候，气态燃料才在随后的步骤b）中均匀地分布在单个汽缸组燃料供给管线中，并且在此之后当完成了启动准备时，则在随后的步骤c）中采用气态燃料来启动内燃发动机。
特别地当在步骤a）中确立了存在于单个汽缸组燃料供给管线中的压力在预定的时间段期间并未置于限定的压力范围中时，优选地中断启动操作。当在步骤a）中确立了相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线存在泄漏时，中断启动准备并且随后不采用气态燃料来启动内燃发动机。
根据有利的另外的改进方式，相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线中的压力通过多次相继打开和关闭相应的单个汽缸燃料供给阀以限定的设定梯度被降低。在过程中形成的实际梯度得以确立并且与设定梯度比较，其中，特别地当实际梯度以超出阈值的方式而从设定梯度偏离时，推断出堵塞的单个汽缸燃料供给阀并且中断启动准备。仅特别地当实际梯度并未以超出阈值的方式而从设定梯度偏离时，内燃发动机在随后的步骤c）中采用气态燃料来启动。可以检查配属于相应的排组（bank）中的相应的最后一个汽缸的单个汽缸燃料供给阀是否阻塞。在该情形中，然后中断启动准备并且不启动相应的内燃发动机。
附图说明
由从属权利要求和下面的描述获得本发明的优选的其他改进方式。借由附图更详细地说明本发明的示例性实施例，示例性实施例不被限制于该附图。附图中示出了：
图1是处于内燃发动机的第一状态中的内燃发动机的框图；
图2是处于内燃发动机的第二状态中的图1的框图；
图3是处于内燃发动机的第三状态中的图1的框图；以及
图4是处于内燃发动机的第四状态中的图1的框图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于被设计为燃气发动机的内燃发动机的或者被设计为双燃料发动机的内燃发动机的启动准备的方法并且该方法优选地用于采用气态燃料的内燃发动机的随后启动。
下面参照图1-4描述了根据本发明的方法，其中，图1-4示出了内燃发动机10的不同状态，当实施根据本发明的方法时内燃发动机10可以呈现所述不同状态。
在图1-4中以高度示意的方式示出的内燃发动机10具有被布置成行的汽缸12的组11。汽缸12的组11可以经由单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13被供给有气态燃料，其中，单个汽缸燃料供给管线14从单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13分支，气态燃料从单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13出发可以经由单个汽缸燃料供给管线14被供给到单个汽缸12。
根据图1，单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13配属有单个汽缸组燃料供给阀15。特别地，当打开单个汽缸组燃料供给阀15时，单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13可以被填充有气态燃料。每个单个汽缸燃料供给管线14配属有单个汽缸燃料供给阀16，替代地，该单个汽缸燃料供给阀16配属于汽缸12。取决于单个汽缸燃料供给阀16是打开还是关闭，相应的汽缸12可以被供给从单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13出发的气态燃料，特别是当单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13被填充有气态燃料时。
图1示出了内燃发动机10的状态，在该状态中，没有气态燃料存在于单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中，但是图1中的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13例如经由排气阀17清空气态燃料并且填充有空气，例如填充有包含O2和/或惰性气体的环境空气。
本发明现在涉及如下方法的此类细节，所述方法用于启动准备并且如果合适的话用于此类内燃发动机的随后启动，其中，所述内燃发动机可以采用气态燃料安全地且可靠地启动。
在根据本发明的用于启动准备的方法的第一步骤a）中，清空了气态燃料并且填充有空气和/或惰性气体的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13以限定的方式通过打开单个汽缸组燃料供给阀15而初始地填充有气态燃料，其中，在过程中，单个汽缸组燃料供给阀15打开达限定的时间间隔并随后再次关闭。单个汽缸燃料供给阀16在该过程期间被关闭并且保持关闭。图2示出了采用甲烷作为气态燃料的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13的填充。
在关闭单个汽缸组燃料供给阀15之后，如图3中所示，借助于压力传感器18来检查在关闭单个汽缸组燃料供给阀15之后存在于单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中的压力是否在限定的时间段期间置于限定的压力范围中。单个汽缸组燃料供给阀15和单个汽缸燃料供给阀16在该过程期间被关闭并且保持关闭。
特别地，当在步骤a）中确立了存在于单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中的压力在限定的时间段期间置于限定的压力范围中时，在下面的第二步骤b）中通过打开并随后关闭单个汽缸燃料供给阀16（参见图4），气态燃料均匀地分布在相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中，所述单个汽缸燃料供给阀16配属于汽缸组11中的从单个汽缸组燃料供给阀15来观察的最后一个汽缸，或者配属于组11中的最后一个汽缸12的相应的单个汽缸燃料供给管线14，并且在过程中单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13完全填充有先前在步骤a）中被引入到其中的气态燃料，其中，在过程中空气的残留量被从单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13移除。单个汽缸组燃料供给阀15以及配属于第一个至倒数第二个汽缸12的其他单个汽缸燃料供给阀16在该过程期间被关闭并且保持关闭。
因此，完成了实际的启动准备并且在随后的步骤c）中然后可以采用气态燃料安全地并可靠地启动内燃发动机10。
特别地，当在第一步骤a）中确立了：在经由打开和关闭单个汽缸组燃料供给阀15以限定的方式填充单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13之后，存在于单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中的压力并未在限定的时间段期间置于限定的压力范围中时，推断出在用于气态燃料的燃料供给系统中存在泄漏并且启动准备中断以及内燃发动机并未随后采用气态燃料来启动。
在其中气态燃料均匀地分布在单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中的第二步骤b）中，单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中的压力通过打开相应的排组11中的最后一个汽缸12的相应的单个汽缸燃料供给阀16而被优选地降低到大气压力。
在该第二步骤b）中，优选地通过多次经时钟控制的对排组中的最后一个汽缸12的单个汽缸燃料供给阀16的相继打开和关闭以限定的设定梯度而降低单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中的压力。
在过程中形成的实际梯度得以确立并且与设定梯度比较，其中，特别地当实际梯度以超出阈值的方式而从设定梯度偏离时，推断出排组12中相应的最后一个汽缸12的单个汽缸燃料供给阀16发生堵塞并且然后同样地中断启动准备。仅特别地当步骤b）实现的实际梯度并未以超出阈值的方式而从相应的设定梯度偏离时，在下面的第三步骤c）中采用气态燃料来实际地启动内燃发动机。
因此，在步骤a）中采用本发明执行限定的泄漏测试以便检查通向汽缸12的组11的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13是防泄漏（leakage-proof）还是不防泄漏。为此，相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13以限定的方式被填充有气态燃料，并且检查单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中的压力是保持恒定还是急剧下降。在出现急剧的压力下降的情形中，推断出在用于气态燃料的供给系统中存在泄漏并且中断启动准备以及防止采用燃气作为燃料来启动发动机。
然而，相反地，当泄漏测试成功时，即在用于气态燃料的燃料供给系统中没有检测到泄漏问题时，继续进行启动准备，并且在步骤b）中气态燃料通过打开组11中的最后一个汽缸12的燃料供给阀16而均匀地分布在单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中。在此之后，内燃发动机10可以然后在步骤c）中以限定的方式来启动。
如果得知在步骤b）期间配属于最后一个汽缸12的单个汽缸燃料供给阀16是泄漏的，则同样地中断启动准备，并且防止内燃发动机10的随后启动。因为先前仅将有限量的气态燃料引入到单个汽缸组燃料供给管线13中，所以不存在气态燃料溢出到邻近部件系统（例如增压空气系统）的风险。
在具有多个汽缸21的组11的内燃发动机10的情形中，仅当对于汽缸12的每个组11而言经过上面的步骤a）和b）而没有如上面所描述的缺陷（objection）并相应地没有检测到泄漏时，才进行内燃发动机10的启动。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于被设计为燃气发动机的内燃发动机（10）或被设计为采用气态燃料的双燃料发动机的内燃发动机（10）的启动准备以及优选地用于随后启动的方法，
其中，所述内燃发动机（10）包括被布置成行的汽缸（12）的至少一个组（11），其能够经由单个汽缸组燃料供给管线（13）被供给气态燃料，通向相应的组（11）的汽缸（12）的单个汽缸燃料供给管线（14）从所述单个汽缸组燃料供给管线（13）分支，所述方法具有至少以下步骤：
在步骤a）中，清空了气态燃料并且特别地填充有空气的相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线（13）通过打开单个汽缸组燃料供给阀（15）以限定的方式被初始地填充有气态燃料，并且在过程中监控在关闭所述单个汽缸组燃料供给阀（15）之后，存在于所述单个汽缸组燃料供给管线（13）中的压力是否在限定的时间段期间置于限定的压力范围中，
特别地当在步骤a）中确立了存在于所述单个汽缸组燃料供给管线（13）中的压力在所述限定的时间段期间置于所述限定的压力范围中时，所述气态燃料在随后的步骤b）中通过打开并随后关闭单个汽缸燃料供给阀（16）而被均匀地分布在相应的单个汽缸组燃料供给管线（13）中，所述单个汽缸燃料供给阀（16）配属于所述组（11）中的沿燃气流方向的最后一个汽缸（12）或者配属于所述组（11）中的最后一个汽缸（12）的相应的单个汽缸燃料供给管线（14）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在随后的步骤c）中，所述内燃发动机采用气态燃料来启动。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，特别地当在步骤a）中确立了存在于所述单个汽缸组燃料供给管线（13）中的压力并未在所述限定的时间段期间置于所述限定的压力范围中时，用于采用燃气启动的启动准备被中断。
4.根据权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤b）中，所述单个汽缸组燃料供给管线（13）中的压力被降低到大气压力。
5.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述单个汽缸组燃料供给管线（13）中的压力在步骤b）中通过多次相继打开和关闭所述单个汽缸燃料供给阀（16）以限定的设定梯度被降低。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述过程中实现的实际梯度得以确立并与所述设定梯度比较，其中，特别地当所述实际梯度以超出阈值的方式而从所述设定梯度偏离时，推断出堵塞的单个汽缸燃料供给阀（16）并且中断用于采用燃气启动的启动准备。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，仅特别地当所述实际梯度并未以超出所述阈值的方式从所述设定梯度偏离时，所述内燃发动机在随后的步骤c）中采用气态燃料来启动。
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