CN107909372A - A kind of agricultural product source tracing method based on block chain technology - Google Patents
A kind of agricultural product source tracing method based on block chain technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN107909372A CN107909372A CN201711006636.7A CN201711006636A CN107909372A CN 107909372 A CN107909372 A CN 107909372A CN 201711006636 A CN201711006636 A CN 201711006636A CN 107909372 A CN107909372 A CN 107909372A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000021393 food security Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010064097 avian influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPXKTCUYRHXSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N clenbuterol hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(N)C(Cl)=C1 OPXKTCUYRHXSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001399 clenbuterol hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013479 data entry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009429 distress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural product source tracing method based on block chain technology, by database layer and communication layers of the block chain technology applied to system in the invention.Agricultural product are encoded by global unifying identifier system, Data Input Process ensures that data are not tampered using digital signature and intelligent contract.All data are stored in block chain and support authorized node to access it.The authority of data access depends on role of the participant in supply chain and function again.So as to solve, the information gathering that traditional agricultural product traceability system faces is nonstandard, data storage is dangerous, centring system vulnerable the problems such as information exchanging process privacy cannot ensure between enterprise.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to block chain technology and field of food safety, and in particular to a kind of agricultural production based on block chain technology
Product source tracing method.
Background technology
In recent years, food safety affair takes place frequently, a series of matter such as bird flu, clenbuterol hydrochloride, melamine, rice cadmium are exceeded
Amount safety problem has triggered the significant challenge in consumer confidence crisis, and nation-building development sincerity society work.Food
Traceability system can be identified for that food sources, there is provided it is from production to the details in dining table overall process.Once there occurs food
Safe accident, can be quickly and accurately positioned by food traceability system and problem link occurs, cleared the responsibility of the main, and
When recall problem food, the containment problem sprawling impetus, this is one of effective ways for solving current food security distress present situation.When
Preceding food security traceability system comes administrative center's database, and each angle in agri-food supply chains dependent on authoritative government organs all the time
Still there is to be solved the integrity problem of information transmission between color.For agricultural product, from the antenatal of " farm to dining table ", production,
The process in postpartum is related to the manufacturers such as means of agricultural production supplier, peasant household, processing business, agent and end consumer etc. the, " point being related to
More, line length, wide, crisscross intersection ", food safety Regulation and traces to the source particularly difficult.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of agricultural product source tracing method based on block chain technology, block chain technology has
Distributed fault-tolerance, can not distort and the characteristics of secret protection, can pointedly solve to face in current food traceability system to ask
Topic.Block chain Floor layer Technology and food security industry appropriate combination are constructed a calculation by this method in foodstuff traceability field
The trust world of French, improves the reliability and security of food security system.
Agricultural product source tracing method proposed by the present invention based on block chain technology, the method is traced to the source using agricultural product is
System, block chain implantation foodstuff traceability framework is carried out；
The agricultural product traceability system is divided into physical layer, communication layers, database layer and application layer；The physical layer, which includes, to be passed
Sensor and actuator, for data acquisition and are forwarded to upper-layer protocol；The communication layers include network structure and agreement, are based on
Block chain technology ether mill platform and Telehash information delivery protocols；The database layer is used to store the institute in block chain
There is information；The application layer is used to be embedded in application program or agreement, there is provided human-computer interaction entrance；
After the physical layer collects agricultural product information, agricultural product information is sent to by the Information Level by the number
Stored according to storehouse layer；The application layer provides man-machine interface to participant, is passed to the Information Level and is connected to institute
The database layer stated, reads or changes agricultural product information；
The agricultural product traceability system has the function of data generation, data inputting and data access；The block chain technology
Applied to database layer and communication layers；
The data generation is carried out with product identification and coding, by the information complete data of agricultural product；The data
Typing is using digital signature and the form of intelligent contract；The data access is carried out with product information electrical file form；
Foodstuff traceability framework in the block chain is by the patcicipant's gruop of several different functions into each participant corresponds to one
A node, each node possess a public key and private key；Public key members into block chain disclose, and private key is used as and merchandised
The key of identity and information is verified in journey；Different participants in foodstuff traceability framework in the block chain according to oneself
Different functions enjoy different authorities；
The information of the agricultural product is stored in the block chain, and supports authorized node to access it；
The authority of Information Access depends on role of the participant in supply chain and function；
Comprise the following steps that：
（1）Agricultural product enter supply chain by agricultural product traceability system, establish agricultural product information document；Agricultural product in supply chain not
When being flowed with link, uniform protocol and digital signature are reached between two nodes, protocol contents charge to agricultural product information document, product
Belonging relation is transferred；When transition is completed, intelligent contract performs protocol contents, performs content and charges to agricultural product information text
Shelves, system authorization object are shifted to next node；
（2）Each participant creates a news file in registration, and news file includes the letter of its identity, function and authority
Breath；After successful registration, each participant obtains a public key and private key, and public key members into block chain disclose, and private key
Record authority of the participant in verification identity, reading information and modification information；
（3）Participant enters block chain network using public key, then by the authority of private key to specifically believing in its block chain network
Breath accesses, and reads or change corresponding informance.
In the present invention, data generation includes coding scheme, data medium sum number using global unifying identifier system
According to function of exchange；The data medium includes bar code and RFID；The data exchange includes EDI and XML.
In the present invention, the digital signature uses asymmetric encryption techniques, ensures that information is not tampered and two nodes
Identity information is without open；It is detailed comprising transaction after transaction is notarized in block chain by core layer node and carries out the whole network broadcast
The block of thin information becomes the newest link on block chain according to timestamps ordering；The intelligent contract performs protocol contents,
The next node mandate into block chain of agricultural product traceability system, permits it to carry out operation and maintenance of information accordingly.
In the present invention, the product information electronic document is made of information input entry, and every information input entry is all
Comprising timestamp, responsible participant signature and the relevant certification authority's information of product.
In the present invention, in the product information electronic document comprising product load duty side's data, timestamp, positional information and
Product specify information, and rule code is embedded with product information electronic document；Needed in participant's access information electronic document
Its private key is inputted, agricultural product traceability system shows content visible according to the authority that it possesses.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
It is proposed appropriately for block chain to be implanted into the scheme of agricultural product traceability system by the analysis of Technical Architecture, i.e. block chain technology should
For the database layer and communication layers of system, thus solve the information gathering that traditional agricultural product traceability system faces it is nonstandard,
The data dangerous, centring system of storage vulnerable the problems such as information exchanging process privacy cannot ensure between enterprise.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Technical Architecture of traceability system.
Fig. 2 is the foodstuff traceability network architecture diagram in block chain.
Fig. 3 is data entry process.
Fig. 4 is product information document template.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by embodiment combination attached drawing.These embodiments be merely to illustrate the present invention without
For limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
1st, the Technical Architecture of agricultural product traceability system such as Fig. 1, is broadly divided into physical layer, communication layers, database layer and application layer.Its
In, block chain technology is applied to database layer and communication layers.
2nd, intelligence sensor and actuator etc. are mainly contained in physical layer, for data acquisition and is forwarded to upper strata association
View, it is substantially similar to the physical layer in internet of things structure.The password encryption technology and access control mechanisms that equipment uses make it
Vulnerable, supplier can strengthen its security from router, communication protocol etc..
3rd, communication layers mainly include network structure and agreement.The communication layers of traditional Internet of Things framework mainly using bluetooth,
The communication mechanisms such as Zigbee, wifi, Ethernet, 3G/4G.The communication layers application of traceability system is the ether based on block chain technology
Mill platform, Telehash information delivery protocols, pass through Web Grafiti system to prevent from being attacked node.
4th, database layer refers mainly to distributed storage database.Every record is all comprising timestamp and unique in block chain
Ciphering signature, while complete transaction record is verified and audited for any validated user.Access right is not set in publicly-owned chain
Limit, information record disclose all nodes in network, and advantage is account book easy to examine and have the high grade of transparency, and shortcoming is
The time cost for performing common recognition mechanism is larger with consuming energy.In alliance's chain and privately owned chain, the validated user of account book may have access to only
It is authorized specified node.Therefore be strengthening system scalability and execution efficiency, alliance's chain is more preferably to select.
5th, application layer is mainly embedded in application program or agreement, there is provided human-computer interaction entrance.
In overall process of the product from production to consumption, the Contributor role and its responsibility being related to are as follows：Registration body,
Unique identity account is provided for other participation nodes；Standardization body, defines standard regulations and has modification right；Raw material supply
Business, manufacturing enterprise, processing and manufacturing enterprise, retail trader, retailer are answered, to the main information of block chain input appointed product；Consumption
Person, buys food product, there is the authority for accessing product customizing messages.
6th, the agricultural product proposed by the present invention based on block chain trace to the source the network architecture as shown in Fig. 2, participants all first
A corresponding news file can be created that in registration, its company information, function, address, qualification authentication etc. are tackled in archives
Necessary information.Participant is after successful registration, it will obtains a public key and private key, public key members into block chain are public
Open, and private key is as the key that identity and information are verified in process of exchange.Each participant may be by registered ID and log in
User interface, into designated blocks chain network.The development and maintenance work of the software must be responsible for by unit trusty, and will
Authoritative organization undertakes the responsibility of registration body.All information are stored in block chain and support what is be authorized to
Node accesses it.The authority of Information Access depends on role of the participant in supply chain and function again.In addition, block
The operation rule of chain is by code definition and is stored in block chain, can not be changed by a certain participant in block chain, so that
Ensure the authenticity and validity of data.It is to change block chain operation rule, then general with data storage, it is necessary to whole sections
Point is broadcasted and verified and confirmed by key sector.
7th, the basis of food traceability system operation is product identification and coding, and if only if correctly being identified to product,
It could realize and effectively follow the trail of and trace to the source.Global unifying identifier system is the system of current comparative maturity, includes coding scheme, number
According to carrier（Such as bar code, RFID）And data exchange（EDI and XML）.Select the system to be identified product, not only increase production
The standardization level of product coding, and the compatibility between agricultural product traceability system and legacy system based on block chain also obtains
Ensure, be conducive to strengthen adaptability of the new system in the application process that puts goods on the market.Barcode technology is supported with RFID technique
The system identifier of product is gone out by scanner recognition and is linked to the electronic information document of product, by data automatic input system.
8th, when agricultural product are flowed in supply chain difference link, product belonging relation is transferred, and needs to reach between two nodes
Into uniform protocol and digital signature.Digital signature make use of asymmetric encryption techniques, ensure that information is not tampered and two nodes
Identity information without open.After " transaction " is notarized in block chain network by core layer node and carries out the whole network broadcast, bag
The block of the details containing transaction becomes the newest link on block chain according to timestamps ordering.Once transition is completed, intelligence
Energy contract performs protocol contents, and system authorization object will be transferred to loglstics enterprise from processing factory automatically, and loglstics enterprise can continue
Safeguard simultaneously supplementary information.During " transaction ", both sides pass through asymmetric key to the encrypting and decrypting process of Transaction Information
Complete, ensure that information can not be maliciously tampered, solve the honesty issue in process of exchange.Data Input Process such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show.
9th, for any participant, the embodiment mode of product information is all product information electronic document.Product documentation mould
Plate is illustrated in fig. 4 shown below, and every information input entry all having time is stabbed and signed by be responsible for participant, relevant with product
Certification authority's information is also included.In addition, in order to control user to information document（Including specified product information, participant
Details etc.）Access rights, can in product documentation embedded certain rule code.In participant's access information document
When, it is necessary to input its key, system shows content visible according to the authority that it possesses.It should be included in product information document following
Several aspects, product load duty side's data, timestamp, positional information, product specify information etc..
10th, by the information gathering of above agricultural product traceability system, specified victual has an electronic information document, text
The harvest date of specify information such as product, the timing node of logistics route and transhipment and its planting site etc. should be contained in shelves.
The user of purchase product has the right to read above key message.Without direct relation and it is related to the information of enterprise's privacy only with customer
It can be accessed by the participant being authorized in block chain, this type of information can be accessed after food-safety problem occurs.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of agricultural product source tracing method based on block chain technology, it is characterised in that the method is traced to the source using agricultural product is
System, block chain implantation foodstuff traceability framework is carried out；
The agricultural product traceability system is divided into physical layer, communication layers, database layer and application layer；The physical layer, which includes, to be passed
Sensor and actuator, for data acquisition and are forwarded to upper-layer protocol；The communication layers include network structure and agreement, are based on
Block chain technology ether mill platform and Telehash information delivery protocols；The database layer is used to store the institute in block chain
There is information；The application layer is used to be embedded in application program or agreement, there is provided human-computer interaction entrance；
After the physical layer collects agricultural product information, agricultural product information is sent to by the Information Level by the number
Stored according to storehouse layer；The application layer provides man-machine interface to participant, is passed to the Information Level and is connected to institute
The database layer stated, reads or changes agricultural product information；
The agricultural product traceability system has the function of data generation, data inputting and data access；The block chain technology
Applied to database layer and communication layers；
The data generation is carried out with product identification and coding, by the information complete data of agricultural product；The data
Typing is using digital signature and the form of intelligent contract；The data access is carried out with product information electrical file form；
Foodstuff traceability framework in the block chain is by the patcicipant's gruop of several different functions into each participant corresponds to one
A node, each node possess a public key and private key；Public key members into block chain disclose, and private key is used as and merchandised
The key of identity and information is verified in journey；Different participants in foodstuff traceability framework in the block chain according to oneself
Different functions enjoy different authorities；
The information of the agricultural product is stored in the block chain, and supports authorized node to access it；
The authority of Information Access depends on role of the participant in supply chain and function；
Comprise the following steps that：
（1）Agricultural product enter supply chain by agricultural product traceability system, establish agricultural product information document；Agricultural product in supply chain not
When being flowed with link, uniform protocol and digital signature are reached between two nodes, protocol contents charge to agricultural product information document, product
Belonging relation is transferred；When transition is completed, intelligent contract performs protocol contents, performs content and charges to agricultural product information text
Shelves, system authorization object are shifted to next node；
（2）Each participant creates a news file in registration, and news file includes the letter of its identity, function and authority
Breath；After successful registration, each participant obtains a public key and private key, and public key members into block chain disclose, and private key
Record authority of the participant in verification identity, reading information and modification information；
（3）Participant enters block chain network using public key, then by the authority of private key to specifically believing in its block chain network
Breath accesses, and reads or change corresponding informance.
2. a kind of agricultural product source tracing method based on block chain technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Data generation includes coding scheme, data medium and data exchanging function using global unifying identifier system；The data carry
Body includes bar code and RFID；The data exchange includes EDI and XML.
3. a kind of agricultural product source tracing method based on block chain technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Digital signature uses asymmetric encryption techniques, ensures that information is not tampered and the identity information of two nodes is without open；Work as transaction
After being notarized by core layer node in block chain and carried out the whole network broadcast, the block comprising transaction details is suitable according to timestamp
Sequence becomes the newest link on block chain；The intelligent contract performs protocol contents, and agricultural product traceability system is into block chain
Next node mandate, permits it to carry out operation and maintenance of information accordingly.
4. a kind of agricultural product source tracing method based on block chain technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Product information electronic document is made of information input entry, and every information input entry all includes timestamp, the responsible participant of institute
Signature and the relevant certification authority's information of product.
5. a kind of agricultural product source tracing method based on block chain technology according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that described
Product information electronic document in include product load duty side data, timestamp, positional information and product specify information, and product letter
Rule code is embedded with breath electronic document；Need to input its private key in participant's access information electronic document, agricultural product are traced to the source
System shows content visible according to the authority that it possesses.
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