CN107907653A - It is a kind of to be measured experimental rig and method by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation - Google Patents
It is a kind of to be measured experimental rig and method by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses one kind by soil body distribution of movement measurement experimental rig and method caused by load pile foundation, including CCD digital cameras, laser light sheet, interpretation of result equipment, experiment organic glass case, pile foundation, low frequency electromagnetic vibrator；Experiment organic glass case is hollow structure and top surface opening, tests the transparent experiment soil being provided with organic glass case for ground foundation simulation, uniformly being dissipated in transparent experiment soil has trace particle；Pile foundation is vertically arranged in the transparent experiment soil of penetration test organic glass case centre, and loading is placed on experiment organic glass case top surface, and low frequency electromagnetic vibrator is connected by vibrator fixed frame with loading frame；One rack of CCD digital cameras is located at outside experiment organic glass case, and another rack is located on loading frame and directly over pile foundation, camera face pile foundation and its surrounding soil.By load test and front and rear date comprision, it can quantify to obtain and three bit distribution affecting laws are moved to the motion conditions and soil particle of surrounding soil by load pile foundation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind by soil body distribution of movement measurement experimental rig and method caused by load pile foundation, belong to experiment
Field of measuring technique.
Background technology
When building large scale civil engineering, the design requirement of bearing capacity and settlement amount can not meet due to foundation soil, it is necessary to
Utilize pile foundation.Because certain soil body will certainly be arranged in pile foundation injection soil, the neighbouring soil body will necessarily be disturbed, changes soil
Body structure Bing Duizhuan areas Adjacent Buildings have an impact；When being constructed using piling mode, impact caused by gravity injection can also
Cause surrounding soil forced vibration；It can be subject to the load of different directions, amplitude and frequency when pile foundation works normally so as to cause
Pile peripheral earth stress field changes, and then causes soil particle to move, and changes the load-carrying properties of foundation soil.These are all anxious
The pile foundation problem that need to be solved, for a kind of last situation, by the pile foundation noted by load soil particle movement is influenced so as to
Inquire into the relation between pile foundation load and foundation bearing capacity, A clear guidance and handle the relation between pile foundation and the soil body well, can
Farthest reduce loss.
Existing many scholars are study this respect the problem of at present, but are mostly for certain special circumstances or for soil layer
Rather than soil particle research, the also investigative technique without maturation can systematically study the influence that soil particle is moved in stand under load stake, still
The experimental rig and method that research range is more comprehensive, result of study is more accurate, universality is strong are not produced.
Pile foundation in the injection soil body be subject to different size, frequency, direction load when can produce displacement or vibration so as to drawing
Rise and energy transfer occurs between pile foundation and the soil body.This phenomenon can make it that pile peripheral earth particle produces displacement, soil structures occur
Change even destroys, this can cause ground to have a negative impact the strength performance of pile foundation and the stability of pile foundation.Therefore
Consider it is particularly important that research of support performance so as to analytical soil sample by load soil under pile particle distribution of movement.
The content of the invention
Purpose：In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides one kind by the soil body caused by load pile foundation
Distribution of movement measures experimental rig and method, surrounding soil movement is influenced especially suitable for the pile foundation by load and velocity
It is distributed experimental study.
Technical solution：In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
It is a kind of to be measured experimental rig by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation, it is characterised in that：Including CCD digital cameras
Machine, laser light sheet, interpretation of result equipment, experiment organic glass case, packaged type loading frame, pile foundation, low frequency electromagnetic vibrator
With vibrator fixed frame；The experiment organic glass case is hollow structure and top surface opening, tests and is provided with organic glass case
For the transparent experiment soil of ground foundation simulation, uniformly being dissipated in transparent experiment soil has trace particle；Pile foundation, which is vertically arranged penetration test, to be had
In the transparent experiment soil of machine glass box centre, loading is placed on experiment organic glass case top surface, and low frequency electromagnetic vibrator leads to
Vibrator fixed frame is crossed to connect with loading frame；One rack of CCD digital cameras is located at outside experiment organic glass case, Ling Yitai
It is erected on loading frame and directly over pile foundation, camera face pile foundation and its surrounding soil.
Specifically, the CCD digital cameras are high sensitivity, resist the small video camera of strong light, distortion, being erected at experiment has
Outside machine glass box, camera alignment pile foundation and its surrounding soil；The pulse laser that the laser light sheet is sent by laser light source
Gathered by ball after spherical mirror, convex lens and formed, laser light sheet thickness is less than 1mm.
Preferably, the pile foundation is the hollow circular cylinder of two open ends.
The trace particle is followability, reflective is good, and the particle size aluminum particle close with transparent experiment soil is simultaneously equal
Sow evenly into transparent experiment soil.
The interpretation of result equipment is is equipped with the PC machine of image processing software and 3 d modeling software, by CCD digital cameras
The picture that machine is taken the photograph is analyzed and processed, and obtains the velocity distribution of soil particle.
Further, the low frequency electromagnetic vibrator is installed on vibrator fixed frame by screw.The low frequency electromagnetic
Vibrator is located at the side of pile foundation.
Preferably, the tank wall lateral surface of the experiment organic glass case is horizontally arranged with angle steel rib.
Preferably, the loading frame includes inverted semi-shaped steelframe and plane steel plate, described semi-shaped
Steel frame vertical is put in above experiment organic glass case, and the plane steel plate is welded in the form of keeping flat on semi-shaped steelframe.
The present invention also provides a kind of soil body distribution of movement to measure test method, using described by native caused by load pile foundation
Body distribution of movement measures experimental rig, comprises the following steps：
1）Trace particle is equably sowed in transparent experiment soil, by the transparent examination of pile foundation penetration test organic glass case centre
Test in soil, one rack of CCD digital cameras is located at outside experiment organic glass case, another rack is located at directly over pile foundation and is placed in
On loading frame, camera face pile foundation and surrounding soil, stand makes the disturbance of the soil body disappear for a period of time；
2）Laser light sheet is turned to plane is surveyed, starts CCD digital cameras and pile foundation surrounding soil is carried out repeatedly to expose at a high speed
Photo-beat is taken the photograph；
3）Start the side direction horizontal load loading that low frequency electromagnetic vibrator carries out pile foundation different frequency, different amplitudes；
4）Change CCD projection video camera camera sites and angle and laser light sheet beat position extremely, fully disturb transparent examination
Testing soil is uniformly distributed trace particle and smoothes out transparent experiment soil, is repeated after injection pile foundation（1）、（2）、（3）；
5）Captured obtained image is handled to obtain different time by interpretation of result equipment utilization image processing software
Soil particle velocity Two dimensional Distribution situation, the figure clapped of CCD camera when recycling 3 d modeling software to different angle
The soil particle velocity Two dimensional Distribution result of picture is analyzed to obtain the three-dimensional motion distribution of soil particle, the frequency of the load of acquisition
Rate and amplitude and the change between by surrounding soil three-dimensional motion distribution caused by load pile foundation and the change of velocity distributed in three dimensions
Law.
Beneficial effect：It is provided by the invention to be measured experimental rig and method by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation,
Simulating load is variable, measurement result applied widely is accurately effective, using testing organic glass case and transparent experiment soil can be with
Interference caused by intuitively measuring soil body distribution and sensor etc. will not being produced.By this measurement experimental rig and test method,
The relation of pile foundation loading property and pile peripheral earth distribution of movement can be studied, and then is deeply disclosed by load pile foundation and surrounding soil
The mechanism of dynamic interaction.The complex environment residing for pile foundation can be simulated, passes through load test and image data acquiring and correlation
Property analysis, and accurately obtain can obtain by load pile foundation on soil particle around movement and velocity distribution influenced, have
Utility value in industry.The angle of position, vibrator and the frequency of load and amplitude pair by varying vibrator fixed frame
Pile foundation is loaded, and can be analyzed when pile foundation is subject to different amplitudes, frequency and direction load to the different zones soil body movement of stake week
The changing rule that situation and distribution of movement influence；Pass through the CCD digital cameras of varying level shooting direction and vertical shooting direction
Machine clap result is analyzed, can analyze pile peripheral earth distribution of movement situation must be by so as to push away in the changing rule of different directions
Carry the distributed in three dimensions that pile foundation influences soil body motion conditions；Soil body distribution of movement can be studied in horizontal direction by varying polishing position
Studied with the changing rule of depth direction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the left view of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the CCD digital cameras placement position schematic diagram being positioned over outside experiment organic glass case；
Fig. 4 is loading frame schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is laser light sheet structure diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, it is a kind of to be measured experimental rig, including CCD numbers by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation
Word video camera 1, laser light sheet 2（Laser light source 21, spherical mirror 22, convex lens 23,）, interpretation of result equipment 3, in top surface opening
Empty experiment organic glass case 4, the packaged type loading frame 5 being placed on experiment organic glass case top surface are interior to be arranged on experiment
Transparent experiment soil 41, trace particle 42, pile foundation 6, low frequency electromagnetic vibrator 7 and the vibrator fixed frame 8 of organic glass case 4.
1 one rack of CCD digital cameras is located at outside experiment organic glass case 4, and another rack is located at loading frame pile foundation
At surface, camera face pile foundation 6 and its surrounding soil；As shown in figure 5, the laser light sheet 2 is sent out by laser light source 21
The pulse laser gone out is gathered by spherical mirror 22 and 23 ball of convex lens to be formed, and piece optical thickness is less than 1mm, and piece light is beaten to surveyed plane；
Interpretation of result equipment 3 is the PC machine of outfit image processing software and three-dimensional modeling, the picture that can take the photograph CCD digital cameras 1
Analyzed and processed, obtain the velocity distributed in three dimensions of soil particle, image processing software can use Photoshop, and three-dimensional is built
Mould software can use Mimics.
The experiment organic glass case 4 utilizes chloroform for poly (methyl methacrylate) plate（Popular name chloroform）Dissolving junction is simultaneously cementing
Form, be inside filled with for ground foundation simulation transparent experiment soil 11 and uniformly sow to the trace particle 42 in transparent experiment native 41,
Transparent experiment soil 41 is chosen as the transparent sand of calcium bromide solution and the synthesis of tekite sand, and fluorescence can be selected in the trace particle
Topsoil or glass microballoon.As shown in Figure 1, in order to increase intensity, the tank wall lateral surface of experiment organic glass case 4 is along vertical
Generatrix direction is provided with angle steel rib 43.
The pile foundation 6 is bottom surface and the hollow column of top surface opening.
The bottom surface of the pile foundation 6 is towards the transparent experiment soil 41 positioned at 4 centre of experiment organic glass case and passes through gravity
In the transparent experiment soil 41 of mode injection, until pile foundation 6 is depressed into designated position.
The low frequency electromagnetic vibrator 7 is installed on vibrator fixed frame 8 and is distributed in the side of pile foundation, the exciting
Device fixed frame 7 is cylindrical steel column, is connected by screw with loading frame 2, the low frequency electromagnetic vibrator 7 is installed on by screw
On vibrator fixed frame 8.As shown in figure 4, the loading frame 5 includes inverted semi-shaped steelframe 51 and plane steel plate 52, institute
State vertical be put in of semi-shaped steelframe 51 and test the top of organic glass case 4, the steel plate 52 is welded in the form of horizontal positioned
On semi-shaped steelframe 51.
Using provided by the invention pile peripheral earth is carried out by soil body distribution of movement measurement experimental rig caused by load pile foundation
Exercise test measurement is exchanged, its test method, comprises the following steps：
1）Trace particle 42 is equably sowed in transparent experiment soil 41, by 6 penetration test organic glass case of pile foundation, 4 centre
In transparent experiment soil 41,1 one rack of CCD digital cameras is located at outside experiment organic glass case 4, another rack is being located at pile foundation just
Top is placed on loading frame 5, camera face pile foundation and surrounding soil, and stand makes the disturbance of the soil body disappear for a period of time；
2）Laser light sheet 2 is turned to surveyed plane, starts CCD digital cameras 1 and 6 surrounding soil of pile foundation is carried out repeatedly at a high speed
Exposure shooting；
3）Start the side direction horizontal load loading that low frequency electromagnetic vibrator 7 carries out pile foundation 6 different frequency, different amplitudes；
4）Change CCD projection 1 camera sites of video camera and angle and sheet laser beat position extremely, fully disturb transparent experiment
Soil 41 is uniformly distributed trace particle 42 and smoothes out experiment soil, is repeated after injection pile foundation（1）、（2）、（3）；
5）Captured obtained image is handled to obtain different time using image processing software by interpretation of result equipment 3
Soil particle velocity Two dimensional Distribution situation, the figure clapped of CCD camera 1 when recycling 3 d modeling software to different angle
The soil particle velocity Two dimensional Distribution result of picture is analyzed to obtain the three-dimensional motion distribution of soil particle, the frequency of the load of acquisition
Rate and amplitude and the change between by surrounding soil three-dimensional motion distribution caused by load pile foundation and the change of velocity distributed in three dimensions
Law.
As shown in figure 3, the shooting angle mapping mode for the CCD digital cameras 1 being placed on outside experiment organic glass case is：
Every time after the completion of shooting, CCD digital cameras rotates 45 ° around pile foundation, corotating 7 times, CCD digital cameras after the completion of rotating every time
Machine 1 is equal with a distance from pile foundation, and camera align piles base surrounding soil, can obtain the image at eight groups of different angles, laser
The rotation mode of sheet laser 2 is identical with CCD digital cameras 1.Since the shooting direction of two CCD digital cameras is hung down mutually
Directly, the placement direction of sheet laser is also orthogonal, and sheet laser thickness is very thin, therefore will not interfere with each other.
It is 2m × 2m × 2m that the size of experiment organic glass case 4 provided by the invention, which can be made into length × width × height, transparent examination
Test native 41 optional particle diameters and be taken as the calcium bromide solution of 0.075mm ~ 0.2mm and the transparent sand of tekite sand synthesis, its engineering
Property is similar to sand.
The preparation method of transparent sand provided by the invention is as follows
1）After pre-processing quartz sand particle, the quartz sand consistent with topsoil grading is prepared；
2）Determine that the concentration of calcium bromide solution causes refractive index and the melting of calcium bromide using refractive index-concentration method according to refractive index
Quartz sand is same or like so as to enhance the transparency；
3）Quartz sand is scattering into solution after obtaining suitable calcium bromide and tekite sand, carries out vacuum pump-down process,
Even stirring shading stands more than two hours, you can obtains transparent experiment soil.
The optional fluorescence sand of trace particle or glass microballoon that this experiment provides, the followability and reflective of both particles
Preferably, and its proportion, density and chemical composition are all close with transparent experiment soil, and Comparatively speaking, fluorescence sand is micro- compared with glass
Pearl tracer effect is more preferable, and materials are easy, and preparation method is simple.
Measurement experimental rig provided by the invention can not only carry out the frequency and amplitude by varying load, analyze soil around pile
Body moves and the changing rule between distribution of movement situation and pile foundation load；Pass through the camera position of CCD digital cameras
With angle and carry out three-dimensional modeling analysis, it is three-dimensional by the movement by load Influence of Pile Foundation that the different zones soil body movement of stake week can be analyzed
The regularity of distribution.
The soil body that different size pile foundations can even more be carried out respectively exchanges exercise test, contrasts not year-on-year ruler, scale basis is drawn
The soil body risen exchanges motion conditions, can obtain the influence that key dimension and type move the soil body, studies stand under load Influence of Pile Foundation
The mechanism of surrounding soil movement.Pile foundation material is organic glass, and movement is exchanged to pile peripheral earth for studying scale effect
Influence.
Carry out a kind of test method by soil body distribution of movement measurement experimental rig caused by load pile foundation, you can consider sea
The influence measurement that upper fan pile foundation moves basic surrounding soil.
The innovative point of the present invention is, the soil body point can be intuitively measured using organic glass case and transparent experiment soil is tested
Cloth and interference caused by similar sensor etc. will not be produced；By this measurement experimental rig and test method, pile foundation can be studied
Loading property and the relation of pile peripheral earth distribution of movement, and then deeply disclose by load pile foundation and surrounding soil dynamic interaction
Mechanism.The angle of position, vibrator and the frequency of load and amplitude by varying vibrator fixed frame add pile foundation
Carry, can analyze when pile foundation is subject to different amplitudes, frequency and direction load to stake week different zones soil body motion conditions and movement
It is distributed the changing rule influenced；By the CCD digital cameras of varying level shooting direction and vertical direction clap result into
Row analysis, can analyze pile peripheral earth distribution of movement situation different directions changing rule so as to push away stand under load pile foundation to the soil body transport
The distributed in three dimensions that emotionally condition influences；Change of the soil body distribution of movement in horizontal direction and depth direction can be studied by varying polishing position
Law is studied.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of measured experimental rig by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation, it is characterised in that：Including CCD digital cameras
Machine, laser light sheet, interpretation of result equipment, experiment organic glass case, packaged type loading frame, pile foundation, low frequency electromagnetic vibrator
With vibrator fixed frame；The experiment organic glass case is hollow structure and top surface opening, tests and is provided with organic glass case
For the transparent experiment soil of ground foundation simulation, uniformly being dissipated in transparent experiment soil has trace particle；Pile foundation, which is vertically arranged penetration test, to be had
In the transparent experiment soil of machine glass box centre, loading is placed on experiment organic glass case top surface, and low frequency electromagnetic vibrator leads to
Vibrator fixed frame is crossed to connect with loading frame；One rack of CCD digital cameras is located at outside experiment organic glass case, Ling Yitai
It is erected on loading frame and directly over pile foundation, camera face pile foundation and its surrounding soil.
2. according to claim 1 measured experimental rig by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation, it is characterised in that：
The laser light sheet is gathered by the pulse laser that laser light source is sent by ball after spherical mirror, convex lens to be formed, laser light sheet
Thickness is less than 1mm.
3. according to claim 1 measured experimental rig by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation, it is characterised in that：
The pile foundation is the hollow circular cylinder of two open ends.
4. according to claim 1 measured experimental rig by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation, it is characterised in that：
The trace particle is the particle size aluminum particle close with transparent experiment soil, and trace particle is equably sowed to transparent experiment
In soil.
5. according to claim 1 measured experimental rig by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation, it is characterised in that：
The interpretation of result equipment takes the photograph CCD digital cameras to be equipped with the PC machine of image processing software and 3 d modeling software
Picture is analyzed and processed, and obtains the velocity distribution of soil particle.
6. according to claim 1 measured experimental rig by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation, it is characterised in that：
The low frequency electromagnetic vibrator is located at the side of pile foundation.
7. according to claim 1 measured experimental rig by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation, it is characterised in that：
The tank wall lateral surface of the experiment organic glass case is horizontally arranged with angle steel rib.
8. according to claim 1 measured experimental rig by soil body distribution of movement caused by load pile foundation, it is characterised in that：
The loading frame includes inverted semi-shaped steelframe and plane steel plate, and the semi-shaped steel frame vertical is put in the organic glass of experiment
Above glass case, the plane steel plate is welded in the form of keeping flat on semi-shaped steelframe.
9. a kind of soil body distribution of movement measures test method, caused using claim 1-8 any one of them by load pile foundation
The soil body distribution of movement measurement experimental rig, comprise the following steps：
1）Trace particle is equably sowed in transparent experiment soil, by the transparent examination of pile foundation penetration test organic glass case centre
Test in soil, one rack of CCD digital cameras is located at outside experiment organic glass case, another rack is located at directly over pile foundation and is placed in
On loading frame, camera face pile foundation and surrounding soil, stand makes the disturbance of the soil body disappear for a period of time；
2）Laser light sheet is turned to plane is surveyed, starts CCD digital cameras and pile foundation surrounding soil is carried out repeatedly to expose at a high speed
Photo-beat is taken the photograph；
3）Start the side direction horizontal load loading that low frequency electromagnetic vibrator carries out pile foundation different frequency, different amplitudes；
4）Change CCD projection video camera camera sites and angle and laser light sheet beat position extremely, fully disturb transparent examination
Testing soil is uniformly distributed trace particle and smoothes out transparent experiment soil, is repeated after injection pile foundation（1）、（2）、（3）；
5）Captured obtained image is handled to obtain different time by interpretation of result equipment utilization image processing software
Soil particle velocity Two dimensional Distribution situation, the figure clapped of CCD camera when recycling 3 d modeling software to different angle
The soil particle velocity Two dimensional Distribution result of picture is analyzed to obtain the three-dimensional motion distribution of soil particle, the frequency of the load of acquisition
Rate and amplitude and the change between by surrounding soil three-dimensional motion distribution caused by load pile foundation and the change of velocity distributed in three dimensions
Law.
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