CN110006793B - Testing device and method for researching motion characteristics of particle materials under vibration load - Google Patents
Testing device and method for researching motion characteristics of particle materials under vibration load Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a method for researching the motion characteristics of a granular material under a vibration load, wherein the test device comprises a frame body, a test box, a numerical control system, a computer, an intelligent camera, a first servo motor and a second servo motor, the test box is arranged at the lower part of the frame body, the first servo motor is pivoted at the top of the frame body through a pull rod, and the method comprises the following steps: step one, placing a test box in a laboratory; step two, screening materials; step three, assembling a loading bearing plate; step four, horizontally placing the loading bearing plate in the test box; acquiring the changes of force and displacement in real time; step six, realizing the change of the loading position; step seven, arranging the intelligent camera in front of the glass; step eight, stopping loading when the specified value is reached; and step nine, obtaining the translation and rotation conditions of the particles. Has the advantages that: the movement locus of the particles under the action of the vibration load, namely the translation and rotation conditions of the particles, can be accurately counted.
Description
The invention relates to a test device and a method for researching the motion characteristics of a granular material, in particular to a test device and a method for researching the motion characteristics of the granular material under a vibration load.
Background
At present, in the construction of high-quality rapid traffic networks mainly comprising high-speed railways, expressways and the like, higher requirements are put forward for the construction of road (railway) projects. As a main part of road (railway) engineering, conventional compaction technology of road bed has not been able to meet the development needs of current road (railway) traffic. The intelligent compaction technology of the roadbed plays an important role in improving and ensuring the construction quality of the road (railway) and improving the durability of the engineering.
The compacted soil body of the roadbed essentially belongs to coarse granular materials. Particulate material is an aggregate of particles interacting at a point of contact where each particle can slide or rotate relative to an adjacent particle, the sliding and rotation of the particle having a significant effect on the constitutive behavior of the material. In classical continuous medium mechanics, slip is considered to be the dominant factor in material microscopic deformation, and relevant experimental studies show that granular soil deformation is mainly controlled by rotation rather than slip. The main reason for this conflict is that the particle material is a complex system of disordered particle packing, and the measurement and statistics of the kinematic quantities of particle sliding and rotation under different forces are difficult to realize.
At present, scholars at home and abroad mainly evaluate the relationship between the integral displacement of the granular material and load or the property of the material by indoor macroscopic tests such as vibration, triaxial compression and the like. The design method is mainly empirical and is based on repeated tests. Therefore, the phenomenon that the deformation behavior of the whole material cannot be described through a specific particle displacement mode occurs, and the phenomenon also shows that the relation between the motion rule of the particle material and the deformation quantity of the particle material cannot be essentially explained based on a phenomenological empirical method. Therefore, it is necessary to use some intuitive measurement methods to count the motion law of particles under different external factors (load size, vibration frequency, etc.) or internal factors (particle shape or distribution mode, etc.), and further study the relationship between the law and the physical and mechanical properties of the particle material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a test device and a method for researching the motion characteristics of a particle material under a vibration load, which are used for counting the motion rules of particles under the action of different external factors and internal factors in real time and realizing the visualization effect of the motion condition of the particles under the action of the vibration load.
The invention provides a test device for researching the motion characteristics of a granular material under a vibration load, which comprises a frame body, a test box, a numerical control system, a computer, an intelligent camera, a first servo motor and a second servo motor, wherein the test box is arranged at the lower part of the frame body, the first servo motor is pivoted at the top of the frame body through a pull rod, the first servo motor can move left and right along the top of the frame body, the first servo motor is arranged at a position corresponding to the test box, the second servo motor is connected with the first servo motor and drives the first servo motor to move, the bottom of the first servo motor is connected with a connecting rod, the bottom end of the connecting rod is provided with a loading bearing plate, the first servo motor can load a sample in the test box through the loading bearing plate, the intelligent camera is arranged corresponding to the position of the sample in the test box, the intelligent camera is connected with the computer, and the intelligent camera can transmit the dynamic change image of the sample in the test box into, the computer, the first servo motor and the second servo motor are all connected with the numerical control system, and the first servo motor and the second servo motor are controlled by the numerical control system to work.
The side plate of the test box corresponding to one side of the intelligent camera is made of a transparent toughened glass plate, and the bottom plate of the test box and the side plates on the other three sides of the test box are made of steel plates.
The second servo motor is fixed on the upright post of the frame body through the support rod.
The bottom of first servo motor is equipped with displacement sensor, displacement sensor is connected with numerical control system, displacement sensor can be in real time transmitting first servo motor's displacement data to numerical control system, numerical control system controls first servo motor's work according to displacement sensor's transmission data, be equipped with force sensor and turn to the device on the connecting rod of first servo motor bottom, force sensor and turn to the device and all be connected with numerical control system, force sensor can give numerical control system with the pressure data real time transmission who gathers, numerical control system control turns to the work of device, the bottom that turns to the device is equipped with pressure applying device, thereby exert pressure to the loading bearing plate through pressure applying device and make the loading bearing plate load to the sample in the proof box.
The pressing device is formed by welding steel plates and is shaped like a Chinese character ji.
The computer is internally provided with image processing software, and the computer can analyze and process the pictures shot by the intelligent camera in real time.
The loading bearing plate is a hard PVC plate with the same width as the test box.
Computer, intelligent camera, first servo motor, second servo motor, displacement sensor and force sensor are the equipment of existing equipment, consequently, specific model and specification are not repeated.
The invention provides a method for researching the motion characteristics of a particle material under a vibration load, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a visual test box is placed in a flat laboratory with stable surrounding environment, and the indoor light is guaranteed to be uniform;
screening the coarse particle material to be detected according to the requirement, and paving the coarse particle material to be detected in a test box according to the specific requirement to ensure the upper surface level of the material;
step three, a first servo motor is pivoted at the top end of the frame body, then a displacement sensor is installed at the bottom of the first servo motor and connected with a connecting rod, a force sensor, a steering device and a pressure applying device are installed on the connecting rod, and a loading bearing plate is assembled at the bottom of the connecting rod;
horizontally placing the loading bearing plate on the upper surface of the granular material in the test box, wherein the loading bearing plate is positioned right below the first servo motor and is ensured not to move in the loading process of the loading bearing plate;
connecting the force sensor and the displacement sensor into a computer acquisition system to acquire the changes of force and displacement in real time;
and step six, connecting the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the steering device into a numerical control system, and correspondingly adjusting according to a set program and force and displacement data acquired by a computer: the first servo motor adjusts the size or frequency of the vibration load through the upper and lower elevations and the reciprocating speed; the second servo motor drives the first servo motor to move left and right and is matched with the connecting rod to drive the loading bearing plate to realize the change of the loading position;
step seven, arranging the intelligent camera frame right in front of the toughened glass, covering the whole toughened glass part with the shooting range, and setting the automatic shooting frequency of the intelligent camera to be 2 frames/second;
step eight, stopping loading when the collected displacement average value reaches a specified value;
step nine, connecting the intelligent camera into a computer, wherein the computer is provided with image processing and analyzing software to perform comparative analysis on the image, and the specific implementation method comprises the following steps: according to the improved Voronoi picture particle identification technology, the centroid coordinates of each particle are calculated through particle identification and marking, the centroid coordinates are used as representative points of the positions of the particles, ellipse fitting is carried out by using the area equality principle, the included angle between the long axis and the horizontal position is used as the particle direction, the position change of the same particle in continuous multi-frame pictures is determined through matching, and the motion trail of the particle under the load action, namely the translation and rotation conditions of the particle, is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the technical scheme provided by the invention creatively introduces an image processing technology into a coarse particle material vibration compaction test, solves the problem that the motion rule of particles under the action of different external factors and internal factors cannot be counted in real time, and realizes the effect of visualizing the motion condition of the particles under the action of vibration load. The testing device has large size, is more close to an actual compaction scene, and is simple and convenient to prepare and install, safe to operate, economical and practical. The combination of the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the loading device can realize various vibration load loading effects and can carry out vibration compaction tests on various complex soil body particle materials. Based on the improved Voronoi diagram particle recognition technology, the motion tracks of the particles under the action of vibration loads, namely the translation and rotation conditions of the particles, can be accurately counted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the testing device of the present invention.
The labels in the above figures are as follows:
1. frame body 2, test box 3, numerical control system 4, computer 5, intelligent camera
6. First servo motor 7, second servo motor 8, pull rod 9 and connecting rod
10. Loading bearing plate 11, sample 12, support rod 13 and displacement sensor
14. A force sensor 15, a steering device 16 and a pressing device.
Detailed Description
Please refer to fig. 1:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the invention provides a test device for researching the motion characteristics of a granular material under a vibration load, which comprises a frame body 1, a test box 2, a numerical control system 3, a computer 4, an intelligent camera 5, a first servo motor 6 and a second servo motor 7, wherein the test box 2 is arranged at the lower part of the frame body 1, the first servo motor 6 is pivoted at the top of the frame body 1 through a pull rod 8, the first servo motor 6 can move left and right along the top of the frame body 1, the first servo motor 6 is arranged at a position corresponding to the test box 2, the second servo motor 7 is connected with the first servo motor 6 and drives the first servo motor 6 to move, the bottom of the first servo motor 6 is connected with a connecting rod 9, the bottom end of the connecting rod 9 is provided with a loading bearing plate 10, the first servo motor 6 can load a sample 11 in the test box 2 through the loading bearing plate 10, the intelligent camera 5 is arranged corresponding to a position in the test box 2 where the sample 11 is arranged, the intelligent camera 5 is connected with the computer 4, the intelligent camera 5 can transmit dynamic change images of the test sample 11 in the test box 2 to the computer 4 in real time, the computer 4, the first servo motor 6 and the second servo motor 7 are all connected with the numerical control system 3, and the first servo motor 6 and the second servo motor 7 are controlled by the numerical control system 3 to work.
The side plate of the test box 2 corresponding to one side of the intelligent camera 5 is made of a transparent toughened glass plate, and the bottom plate of the test box 2 and the other three side plates are made of steel plates.
The second servo motor 7 is fixed on the upright of the frame body 1 through a support rod 12.
The bottom of the first servo motor 6 is provided with a displacement sensor 13, the displacement sensor 13 is connected with the numerical control system 3, the displacement sensor 13 can transmit displacement data of the first servo motor 6 to the numerical control system 3 in real time, the numerical control system 3 controls the work of the first servo motor 6 according to the transmission data of the displacement sensor 13, a force sensor 14 and a steering device 15 are assembled on a connecting rod 9 at the bottom of the first servo motor 6, the force sensor 14 and the steering device 15 are both connected with the numerical control system 3, the force sensor 14 can transmit the acquired pressure data to the numerical control system 3 in real time, the numerical control system 3 controls the work of the steering device 15, a pressure applying device 16 is assembled at the bottom of the steering device 15, and the pressure applying device 16 applies pressure to the loading bearing plate 10 so that the loading bearing plate 10 loads a sample 11 in the test box 2.
The pressing device 16 is formed by welding steel plates and is shaped like a Chinese character ji.
Image processing software is assembled in the computer 4, and the computer 4 can analyze and process pictures shot by the intelligent camera 5 in real time.
The loading bearing plate 10 is a rigid PVC plate with the same width as the test box 2.
The numerical control system 3 selects an HSV-180U series alternating current servo drive unit, and controls the operation of the first servo motor 6 and the second servo motor 7 through a user-defined output program, wherein the HSV-180U is a traditional Chinese numerical control product.
The computer 4, the intelligent camera 5, the first servo motor 6, the second servo motor 7, the displacement sensor 13 and the force sensor 14 are all assembled by existing equipment, and therefore specific models and specifications are not described in detail.
The invention provides a method for researching the motion characteristics of a particle material under a vibration load, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a visual test box 2 is placed in a flat laboratory with stable surrounding environment, and the indoor light is guaranteed to be uniform;
screening the coarse particle materials to be detected according to requirements, and paving the coarse particle materials to be detected in a test box 2 according to specific requirements to ensure the upper surface level of the materials; in the embodiment, the selected material is the cobbles, the grain size range is 5mm-20mm, and the grading is good. Paving the gravel to be tested in the test box 2 according to the specific requirements in three layers with the same thickness, wherein the primary paving thickness is 400mm, the upper surface of the material after paving is basically flat, and the target thickness after compacting is 350 mm.
Step three, the first servo motor 6 is pivoted at the top end of the frame body 1, then a displacement sensor 13 is installed at the bottom of the first servo motor 6 and connected with a connecting rod 9, a force sensor 14, a steering device 15 and a pressing device 16 are installed on the connecting rod 9, and a loading bearing plate 10 is assembled at the bottom of the connecting rod 9;
step four, horizontally placing the loading bearing plate 10 on the upper surface of the granular material in the test box 2, and under the first servo motor 6, and ensuring that the loading bearing plate 10 cannot move in the loading process;
connecting the force sensor 14 and the displacement sensor 13 into a computer 4 acquisition system to acquire the changes of force and displacement in real time;
step six, connecting the first servo motor 6, the second servo motor 7 and the steering device 15 into a numerical control system, and correspondingly adjusting according to a set program and force and displacement data acquired by the computer 4: the first servo motor 6 adjusts the size or frequency of the vibration load through the vertical elevation and the reciprocating speed; the second servo motor 7 drives the first servo motor 6 to move left and right and is matched with the connecting rod 9 to drive the loading bearing plate 10 to change the loading position; the frequency of the vibration load is set to be 45Hz, the vibration compaction is started from the rightmost end of the test box 2 by pushing of the second servo motor 7 in the example, the compaction range is in a range of 0-400mm from right to left, the loading is stopped when the average value of the vertical displacement of the four displacement sensors 13 reaches 50mm, the vibration load system is moved to a range of 700mm from 300 mm to 300 mm from right to left of the test box 2 by pulling of the second servo motor 7, the loading is started again, and the loading is stopped when the average value of the vertical displacement of the four displacement sensors 13 reaches 50 mm. And repeating the operation until the vertical displacement of the whole area in the test box 2 reaches 50mm, and stopping loading.
Step seven, erecting the intelligent camera 5 right in front of the toughened glass, covering the whole toughened glass part with the shooting range, and setting the intelligent camera 5 to automatically shoot at the frequency of 2 frames/second;
step eight, stopping loading when the collected displacement average value reaches a specified value;
step nine, the intelligent camera 5 is connected into the computer 4, the computer 4 is provided with image processing and analyzing software, and the image is contrasted and analyzed, and the specific implementation method comprises the following steps: according to the improved Voronoi picture particle identification technology, the centroid coordinates of each particle are calculated through particle identification and marking, the centroid coordinates are used as representative points of the positions of the particles, ellipse fitting is carried out by using the area equality principle, the included angle between the long axis and the horizontal position is used as the particle direction, the position change of the same particle in continuous multi-frame pictures is determined through matching, and the motion trail of the particle under the load action, namely the translation and rotation conditions of the particle, is obtained.
Example two:
in the first embodiment, the gravel is adopted, the vibration compaction is carried out from the primary paving thickness of 400mm to 350mm, and the compaction process is realized by setting the fixed loading frequency, so that the implementation modes of the second step and the sixth step can be changed on the basis of the first embodiment. Selecting coarse particle materials as the round gravels, carrying out vibration compaction to 350mm from the thickness of 450mm of the primary pavement, setting the fixed loading pressure to be 20kPa, actually measuring the vertical displacement condition in the compaction process, and stopping loading when the settlement amount of the round gravels reaches 100mm within the range of the test box 2. The other steps are repeated to obtain the particle motion trajectory (translation and rotation).
Claims (1)
1. A method for researching the motion characteristics of a particle material under a vibration load is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the testing device for researching the motion characteristics of the granular material under the vibration load is used for research, and comprises a frame body, a testing box, a numerical control system, a computer, an intelligent camera, a first servo motor and a second servo motor, wherein the testing box is arranged at the lower part of the frame body, the first servo motor is pivoted at the top of the frame body through a pull rod, the first servo motor can move left and right along the top of the frame body, the first servo motor is arranged at a position corresponding to the testing box, the second servo motor is connected with the first servo motor and drives the first servo motor to move, the bottom of the first servo motor is connected with a connecting rod, the bottom end of the connecting rod is provided with a loading bearing plate, the first servo motor can load a sample in the testing box through the loading bearing plate, the intelligent camera is arranged corresponding to the position of the sample in the testing box, and is connected with the computer, the intelligent camera can transmit dynamic change images of a sample in the test box to the computer in real time, the computer, the first servo motor and the second servo motor are connected with the numerical control system, the first servo motor and the second servo motor work under the control of the numerical control system, a side plate of the test box, corresponding to one side of the intelligent camera, is made of a transparent toughened glass plate, a bottom plate and the other three side plates of the test box are made of steel plates, the second servo motor is fixed on an upright post of a frame body through a support rod, a displacement sensor is arranged at the bottom of the first servo motor and connected with the numerical control system, the displacement sensor can transmit displacement data of the first servo motor to the numerical control system in real time, the numerical control system controls the first servo motor to work according to the transmission data of the displacement sensor, a force sensor and a steering device are assembled on a connecting rod at the bottom of the first servo motor, the force sensor and the steering device are connected with the numerical control system, the force sensor can transmit collected pressure data to the numerical control system in real time, the numerical control system controls the steering device to work, the bottom of the steering device is provided with a pressing device, and the pressing device presses the loading bearing plate so as to load the loading bearing plate on a sample in the test box, and the specific method is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a visual test box is placed in a flat laboratory with stable surrounding environment, and the indoor light is guaranteed to be uniform;
screening the coarse particle material to be detected according to the requirement, and paving the coarse particle material to be detected in a test box according to the specific requirement to ensure the upper surface level of the material;
step three, a first servo motor is pivoted at the top end of the frame body, then a displacement sensor is installed at the bottom of the first servo motor and connected with a connecting rod, a force sensor, a steering device and a pressure applying device are installed on the connecting rod, and a loading bearing plate is assembled at the bottom of the connecting rod;
horizontally placing the loading bearing plate on the upper surface of the granular material in the test box, wherein the loading bearing plate is positioned right below the first servo motor and is ensured not to move in the loading process of the loading bearing plate;
connecting the force sensor and the displacement sensor into a computer acquisition system to acquire the changes of force and displacement in real time;
and step six, connecting the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the steering device into a numerical control system, and correspondingly adjusting according to a set program and force and displacement data acquired by a computer: the first servo motor adjusts the size or frequency of the vibration load through the upper and lower elevations and the reciprocating speed; the second servo motor drives the first servo motor to move left and right and is matched with the connecting rod to drive the loading bearing plate to realize the change of the loading position;
step seven, arranging the intelligent camera frame right in front of the toughened glass, covering the whole toughened glass part with the shooting range, and setting the automatic shooting frequency of the intelligent camera to be 2 frames/second;
step eight, stopping loading when the collected displacement average value reaches a specified value;
step nine, connecting the intelligent camera into a computer, wherein the computer is provided with image processing and analyzing software to perform comparative analysis on the image, and the specific implementation method comprises the following steps: according to the improved Voronoi picture particle identification technology, the centroid coordinates of each particle are calculated through particle identification and marking, the centroid coordinates are used as representative points of the positions of the particles, ellipse fitting is carried out by using the area equality principle, the included angle between the long axis and the horizontal position is used as the particle direction, the position change of the same particle in continuous multi-frame pictures is determined through matching, and the motion trail of the particle under the load action, namely the translation and rotation conditions of the particle, is obtained.
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| CN111272614A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-12 | 中南大学 | Test device and method for researching vibration compaction mechanism of coarse-grained soil |
| CN112229767A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-15 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Experimental device and method for measuring vibration of particulate matter |
| CN113295597B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-04-26 | 中南大学 | Testing device and testing method for simulating characteristics of ballast particles under cyclic loading action |
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