CN107904541A - A kind of supersonic flame spraying method and spray equipment - Google Patents
A kind of supersonic flame spraying method and spray equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107904541A CN107904541A CN201711098463.6A CN201711098463A CN107904541A CN 107904541 A CN107904541 A CN 107904541A CN 201711098463 A CN201711098463 A CN 201711098463A CN 107904541 A CN107904541 A CN 107904541A
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- fuel
- supersonic
- venturi
- input end
- sprayed
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of supersonic flame spraying method and spray equipment, which includes combustion chamber, venturi and lance tube；The combustion chamber has the first input end and first exit end, which includes fuel inlet nozzle, oxidant inlet nozzle, aluminium powder entry nozzle and spark plug, which is gradually reduced；The lance tube has the second input end and second outlet end, and the internal diameter of the second input end gradually increases, which is additionally provided with sprayed on material particle entry；First exit end is connected with the second input end by venturi, and the internal diameter of venturi is less than first exit end, the second input end, wherein, fuel selection aviation kerosine, aluminium powder is special atomized aluminium.The present invention uses aviation kerosine as fuel, the thermal efficiency, flame flow velocity degree higher, obtains the coating of finer and close and high conjugation；The mixed combustion of aviation kerosine and aluminium powder, burning is more abundant, provides bigger more sufficient power for flame stream, improves spray efficiency and coating quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plasma spray technology, it particularly relates to a kind of improved supersonic flame spraying method.
Background technology
Supersonic flame spraying is a kind of emerging technology in plasma spray technology, its definite designation is high speed oxygen-fuel
Spraying or high speed flame spraying（High Velocity Oxygen-Fuel, i.e. HVOF）.
Supersonic flame spraying（HVOF）It is a kind of high speed flame spraying method to grow up the eighties in last century.The party
Method is burnt in the combustion chamber using propane with high pressure oxygen, and is managed through laval（Laval nozzle）Accelerate the high temperature and high speed produced
Burn flame stream, and burning flame flow velocity degree can reach five Mach（1500m/s）More than, by dusty spray axial feeding, the flame can incite somebody to action
Dusty spray is heated to fusing or semi-molten state, and accelerates to up to 300-500m/s, the speed of even more high（Such as, Supersonic
Speed）.Due to the particles hit of supersonic flight to can be more open and more flat during matrix surface, so HVOF spray-on coatings combine it is strong
Degree, density and hardness are all very high.Greatly paid close attention in recent years, in aviation, electric power, metallurgy, papermaking and petrochemical industry etc.
Many industrial circles have been widely used.
At the beginning of the eighties, U.S. Browning Engineering（Browning engineering）Company releases a kind of high speed fire first
Flame spray gun, entitled Jet Kote.Its appearance has soon obtained the concern of people.Using the spraying of this high-speed flame spray gun
Method causes anchoring strength of coating, hardness, compactness, wearability to be obtained for and change because having very high particle stroke speed
It is kind.
The basic functional principle of supersonic spray gun：The indoor liquid fuel such as kerosene that burns is entered by nozzle, through mist
Change is lighted after being mixed with air, and violent gas-phase combustion reaction occurs.Thermal energy is released in burning makes combustion product acutely expand, this is acute
When the gas of strong expansion flows through jet pipe, it is subject to the effect of contraction of jet pipe to form supersonic speed thermal-flame stream.Sprayed on material particle exists
Under the action of supersonic speed thermal-flame stream, heated and sprayed after accelerating.
Supersonic spray gun is by following three parts structure composition：For air and the combustion chamber of fuel combustion, by air-flow plus
Speed is to ultrasonic Laval nozzle and makes sprayed on material particle obtain fully heating the long jet pipe of cross-section with accelerating.
Combustion chamber is the place for the thermal energy that the chemical energy of fuel is converted into burning.Therefore, the quality of chamber performance is determined
The height of efficiency of combustion is determined.Indoor air-flow flowing of burning is considered as nothing and frictionally heats one-dimensional steady flowing.
Laval nozzle mainly has two functions：First, the flow of control combustion gas, maintains certain pressure in a combustion chamber
Power, to ensure fuel normal combustion；Second, making nozzle exit obtain the air-flow with Supersonic Flow, and then make injection therein
Sprayed on material particle rapidity greatly increases, and is finally ejected into the workpiece surface being sprayed-on at a high speed.
The long jet pipe of cross-section can make sprayed on material particle obtain fully heating and accelerate.Combustion gas is flowed visually in long jet pipe
Work has friction insulation flow.
As it can be seen that ensureing to spray the key point that the flying speed for firing stream and particle is the technology, designer is in flame for this
Do a lot of work in the design of spray gun, such as increased using larger-diameter combustion chamber on the premise of ensureing that flame stabilization burns
Add the output power of spray gun；Abundant burning and the reduction radiation loss of chamber fuel is also to ensure chamber pressure and outlet
The key factor of flame speed.Therefore, the design of spraying equipment and the selection of fuel are inquired into and ground needed for technology development
The direction studied carefully.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is improved supersonic flame sprayer and spraying coating process, to improve spray efficiency and spray
Apply quality.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a kind of supersonic flame sprayer, which includes combustion chamber, larynx
Road and lance tube；The combustion chamber has the first input end and first exit end, which includes fuel inlet nozzle, oxygen
Agent entry nozzle, aluminium powder entry nozzle and spark plug, the first exit end internal diameter are gradually reduced；The lance tube have second into
Mouth end and second outlet end, the internal diameter of the second input end gradually increase, which is additionally provided with sprayed on material particle and enters
Mouthful；First exit end is connected with the second input end by venturi, and the internal diameter of venturi is less than first exit end, the second input end.
The fuel inlet nozzle is Laval nozzle.
It is preferred that the cylinder of the lance tube is cross-section gun barrel.
Present invention also offers a kind of spraying method, and matrix surface is sprayed using above-mentioned supersonic spray gun
Apply, which includes：
Step 1, respectively by fuel inlet nozzle, oxidant inlet nozzle, aluminium powder entry nozzle sprayed into combustion chamber fuel,
Oxidant and aluminium powder so that fuel, oxidant and aluminium powder are sufficiently mixed in the combustion chamber；Aluminium powder and fuel combustor ignition it
Preceding mixing, and combustion process is the aviation kerosine of atomization of first burning, temperature reaches aluminium powder after aluminium powder ignition point after this combustion heat release
Just burn, though this process is described separately, once spark ignitor, the reaction speeds of two processes be quickly, so and
Two fuel can mutually promote burning；
Step 2, lighted a fire by igniter plug so that fuel fully burns in the combustion chamber, and high temperature supersonic airstream is produced through venturi；
Step 3, carrier gas sprayed on material particle is inputted into lance tube from sprayed on material particle entry；
Step 4, sprayed on material particle is fully heated, accelerated by the high temperature supersonic airstream produced through venturi, by the of lance tube
Two ports of export spray to matrix surface, form sprayed coating.
It is preferred that the aluminium powder is special atomized aluminium.
It is preferred that the particle diameter of special atomized aluminium is less than 1 μm.
It is preferred that the ignition point of special atomized aluminium is 1000K ~ 2700K.
It is preferred that the fuel is aviation kerosine.
It is preferred that the oxidant is oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air.
It is preferred that the temperature range of the high temperature supersonic airstream is 2700-3000 DEG C, air velocity reaches 1500m/
More than s.
The combustor inlet end of the present invention includes laval（Lavalle）Nozzle and aluminium powder nozzle, aviation kerosine are sprayed by Laval
Mouth be atomized and is mixed with air and aluminium powder after entering combustion chamber, is burnt by plug ignition, generation H2O and CO2, temperature is reachable
More than 2250K, pressure is up to 1.1 × 106Pa, reaches special atomized aluminium ignition point（1000K or so）, aluminium powder and H2O and CO2Carry out two
Secondary burning, releases amount of heat, further increases pressure again, obtain the combustion gas of enough energy by a Laval jet pipe from
Gun barrel sprays, and jet pipe size and shape designs excessively to be expanded so that producing supersonic speed at powder injection, to advantageously reduce confession
Powder pressure is easier powder injection, and then coated powder is carried by high-speed fuel gas stream and accelerates, mixes and melt, and high-velocity spray arrives
Matrix surface forms dense coating.
The present invention achieves following beneficial effect by improving fuel and spray equipment：
1st, common kerosene is replaced using aviation kerosine, thermal efficiency higher, improves flame flow velocity degree, obtain finer and close and high combination
The coating of degree；
2nd, by the mixed combustion of aviation kerosine and aluminium powder, make fuel combustion more abundant, it is more sufficient to provide bigger for flame stream
Power, improves spray efficiency and coating quality.Compared with opposite conventional arc sprays, due to the mist of the supersonic airstream of the present invention
Change, acceleration, particle is tiny, uniform and speed is high, so as to improve the bond strength and cohesive strength of coating, and reduces
The porosity of coating；The time that particle stays aloft at the same time is short, and coating oxidation thing content is low.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure diagram of supersonic flame sprayer of the present invention.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is further described with attached drawing with reference to embodiments.
It is as shown in Figure 1 a kind of supersonic flame sprayer of the present invention, comprising combustion chamber 1, venturi 2 and lance tube 3,
The combustion chamber has the first input end and first exit end 12, which includes fuel inlet nozzle 1-1, aluminium powder import
Nozzle 1-2, spark plug 1-3, oxidant inlet nozzle 1-4 and cooling water inlet 1-5（The cooling water is followed in whole spray gun outer wall
Ring, to cool down the outer wall of combustion chamber and gun barrel）, which is gradually reduced；The lance tube 3 has the second import
End 31 and second outlet end 32, the internal diameter of the second input end 31 gradually increase, and first exit end 12 passes through with the second input end 31
Venturi 2 connects, and the internal diameter of venturi 2 is less than first exit end 12, the second input end 31, which is additionally provided with spraying
Material particles entrance 3-1, the second outlet end 32 are additionally provided with cooling water outlet 3-2.The first exit end 12, venturi 2
A Laval nozzle structure is formed with the second input end 31, so that fuel gas stream obtains supersonic speed.
The fuel inlet nozzle 1-1 is Laval nozzle, aviation kerosine fuel combustion chamber is entered by nozzle after be
Spray pattern.
The cylinder of the lance tube 3 is cross-section gun barrel.Add when passing through gun barrel with coating supersonic speed flame stream to be continuous
The line of speed and the high-speed straight-line of heating, in order to keep speed and stability the disturbing from gun barrel interior air-flow of the line as far as possible
Disorderly, so gun barrel inner cavity is designed as parallel smooth cylinder, then this is described as the equal cross-section gun barrel in each section, waits and cuts
The long jet pipe in face can make sprayed on material particle obtain fully heating and accelerate.Combustion gas is flowed in long jet pipe may be regarded as friction thermal insulation
Flowing.
The method that supersonic flame sprayer using the present invention sprays matrix surface includes：
Step 1, respectively by fuel inlet nozzle 1-1, oxidant inlet nozzle 1-4, aluminium powder entry nozzle 1-2 to combustion chamber 1
Interior penetrating fuel, oxidant and aluminium powder so that fuel, oxidant and aluminium powder are sufficiently mixed in the combustion chamber；
Step 2, lighted a fire by igniter plug 1-3 so that fuel fully burns in the combustion chamber, and high temperature supersonic speed is produced through venturi 2
Air-flow, flame stream temperature are 2700-3000 DEG C, and flame flow velocity degree can reach more than 1500m/s；
Step 3, carrier gas sprayed on material particle is inputted into lance tube 3 from sprayed on material particle entry 3-1；
Step 4, sprayed on material particle is fully heated, accelerated by the high temperature supersonic airstream produced through venturi in lance tube, by
The second outlet end 32 of lance tube sprays to matrix surface, forms sprayed coating.
In preferred embodiment, the aluminium powder is special atomized aluminium, and preferable particle size is less than 1 μm；The igniting of the aluminium powder
Temperature range is 1000K ~ 2700K.More preferably, the ignition point of special atomized aluminium is 1000K.
In preferred embodiment, the fuel is aviation kerosine；The feeding amount ratio of aluminium powder and aviation kerosine is：1:
50, by quality ratio.
The oxidant is oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air.
For WC-CO systems, Cr3C2/ NiCr series hard metal coatings, according to ASTM or related canonical measures, painting of the invention
The bond strength of layer can reach 150MPa, and the bond strength of plasma WC-CO coatings is about 40MPa, and the knot of detonation sprayed coating
Conjunction intensity is 70 ~ 80MPa, moreover, the hardness of the supersonic spray coating WC-CO coatings of the present invention can reach 1100-1300HV, with
Detonation flame spraying coating is suitable, and general plasma sprayed coating microhardness is 800-1000HV.
In conclusion the present invention does fuel using aviation kerosine, special atomized aluminium, spy's atomized aluminium energy are added in the combustion chamber
With the combustion product H of hydrocarbon fuel2O and CO2Carry out second-time burning so that fuel combustion is more abundant, and can improve pushing away for air-flow
Power.Aviation kerosine has the octane number of higher compared with common kerosene, more heats can be discharged after burning, and it is more abundant to burn.
Special atomized aluminium（Particle diameter is less than the atomized aluminium of 1um）With common atomized aluminium（Particle diameter is about several um）Have in combustibility very big
Difference, the former has good anti-coagulation, in this way, superfine aluminium power is just not easy to form aluminium in combustion face and coagulates drop, secondly, the point of aluminium powder
Fire can increase with granularity and increase in the order of magnitude, and superfine aluminium power has lower ignition point, it can improve combustion compared with common aluminium powder
Burn performance and ignition performance.In addition, the AL of white is formed after ultra-fine aluminium powder burning2O3Powder, will not pollute coating,
Spray efficiency is not only improved, also substantially improves coating quality.
Although present disclosure is discussed in detail by above preferred embodiment, but it should be appreciated that above-mentioned
Description is not considered as limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read the above, for the present invention's
A variety of modifications and substitutions all will be apparent.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of supersonic flame sprayer, it is characterised in that the device includes combustion chamber, venturi and lance tube；The burning
Room has the first input end and first exit end, which includes fuel inlet nozzle, oxidant inlet nozzle, aluminium powder
Entry nozzle and spark plug, the first exit end internal diameter are gradually reduced；The lance tube has the second input end and second outlet end,
The internal diameter of second input end gradually increases, which is additionally provided with sprayed on material particle entry；First exit end and the
Two input ends are connected by venturi, and the internal diameter of venturi is less than first exit end, the second input end.
2. supersonic flame sprayer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fuel inlet nozzle is Bearing score
That nozzle.
3. supersonic flame sprayer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the cylinder of the lance tube cuts to wait
Face gun barrel.
4. a kind of supersonic flame spraying method, it is characterised in that this method is used in claim 1-3 described in any one
Supersonic spray gun sprays matrix surface, which includes：
Step 1, respectively by fuel inlet nozzle, oxidant inlet nozzle, aluminium powder entry nozzle sprayed into combustion chamber fuel,
Oxidant and aluminium powder so that fuel, oxidant and aluminium powder are sufficiently mixed in the combustion chamber；
Step 2, lighted a fire by igniter plug so that fuel fully burns in the combustion chamber, and high temperature supersonic airstream is produced through venturi；
Step 3, carrier gas sprayed on material particle is inputted into lance tube from sprayed on material particle entry；
Step 4, sprayed on material particle is fully heated, accelerated by the high temperature supersonic airstream produced through venturi, by the of lance tube
Two ports of export spray to matrix surface, form sprayed coating.
5. supersonic flame spraying method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the aluminium powder is special atomized aluminium.
6. supersonic flame spraying method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the particle diameter of special atomized aluminium is less than 1 μm.
7. supersonic flame spraying method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the ignition point of special atomized aluminium is 1000K-
2700K。
8. supersonic flame spraying method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the fuel is aviation kerosine.
9. supersonic flame spraying method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the oxidant is oxygen, air
Or oxygen-enriched air.
10. supersonic flame spraying method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the high temperature supersonic airstream
Temperature range is 2700-3000 DEG C, and air velocity reaches more than 1500m/s.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711098463.6A CN107904541A (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2017-11-09 | A kind of supersonic flame spraying method and spray equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711098463.6A CN107904541A (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2017-11-09 | A kind of supersonic flame spraying method and spray equipment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107904541A true CN107904541A (en) | 2018-04-13 |
Family
ID=61844618
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711098463.6A Pending CN107904541A (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2017-11-09 | A kind of supersonic flame spraying method and spray equipment |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112626444A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-09 | 苏州迈科易新材料有限公司 | Supersonic flame spraying nozzle and using method thereof |
| CN112695267A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-23 | 郑州立佳热喷涂机械有限公司 | Gas ignition type supersonic speed spray gun with inner hole |
| CN112718283A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Vacuum electric-scanning multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1278461A (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2001-01-03 | 沈阳航空工业学院 | Supersonic flame smelting and painting method |
| CN202070436U (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2011-12-14 | 上海大豪纳米材料喷涂有限公司 | Supersonic flame spraying gun |
-
2017
- 2017-11-09 CN CN201711098463.6A patent/CN107904541A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1278461A (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2001-01-03 | 沈阳航空工业学院 | Supersonic flame smelting and painting method |
| CN202070436U (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2011-12-14 | 上海大豪纳米材料喷涂有限公司 | Supersonic flame spraying gun |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| KUMARAN KANNAIYAN;;REZA SADR: "The effects of alumina nanoparticles as fuel additives on the spray characteristics of gas-to-liquid jet fuels" * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112626444A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-09 | 苏州迈科易新材料有限公司 | Supersonic flame spraying nozzle and using method thereof |
| CN112718283A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Vacuum electric-scanning multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun |
| CN112718283B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-07-04 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Vacuum electric-sweeping multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun |
| CN112695267A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-23 | 郑州立佳热喷涂机械有限公司 | Gas ignition type supersonic speed spray gun with inner hole |
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