CN112718283A - Vacuum electric-scanning multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun - Google Patents
Vacuum electric-scanning multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun Download PDFInfo
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- CN112718283A CN112718283A CN202011479991.8A CN202011479991A CN112718283A CN 112718283 A CN112718283 A CN 112718283A CN 202011479991 A CN202011479991 A CN 202011479991A CN 112718283 A CN112718283 A CN 112718283A
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- accelerating
- powder feeding
- nozzle
- powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
- B05B5/032—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying for spraying particulate materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B16/00—Spray booths
- B05B16/20—Arrangements for spraying in combination with other operations, e.g. drying; Arrangements enabling a combination of spraying operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/001—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means incorporating means for heating or cooling, e.g. the material to be sprayed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
- B05B5/081—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects specially adapted for treating particulate materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/14—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by electrical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum electric-scanning multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun which comprises a powder feeding device, an electrostatic generating device, an accelerating device and a nozzle which are sequentially arranged, wherein the electrostatic generating device is used for electrifying powder particles sent out from the powder feeding device, and the accelerating device is provided with an accelerating electric field for accelerating the electrified particles and ejecting the accelerated particles through the nozzle. The invention converts the spraying powder into the charged particle beam and accelerates the charged particle beam through the accelerating electric field, the whole device can accelerate the particle to the preset speed through a smaller space, the volume of the spray gun is favorably reduced, the structure compactness of the spray gun is improved, the accelerating process of the particle beam is more constant, the final speed of the particle beam is constant, the consistency of the coating sprayed on the surface of the matrix is better, and the spraying quality is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface spraying, in particular to a vacuum electric-scanning multi-field energized supersonic speed deposition spray gun.
Background
The existing supersonic cold spraying technology generally utilizes compressed gas to generate supersonic airflow through a convergent-divergent Laval tube, powder is axially conveyed into the supersonic airflow to form gas-solid dual-phase flow, and the gas-solid dual-phase flow is accelerated to impact a substrate in a completely solid state and generate large plastic deformation to deposit on the surface of the substrate to form a coating. The powder in the structure is accelerated by gas, so that the spraying speed of the powder is unstable, and the quality consistency and the uniformity of a coating sprayed on the surface of a matrix are poor.
Therefore, there is a need for a vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun that provides a relatively constant powder spray velocity and improved spray results.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a vacuum electrically-scanned multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun, which obtains higher spraying speed and energy under the condition of lower spraying air pressure, and realizes focusing and accurate control of spraying powder, thereby improving the spraying operation environment, improving the spraying operation efficiency, improving the spraying deposition effect, and comprehensively improving the performance of spraying equipment.
The invention discloses a vacuum electric-scanning multi-field energizing supersonic deposition spray gun, which comprises a powder feeding device, an electrostatic generating device, an accelerating device and a nozzle which are sequentially arranged, wherein the electrostatic generating device is used for electrifying powder particles sent out from the powder feeding device, and the accelerating device is provided with an accelerating electric field for accelerating the electrified particles and ejecting the accelerated particles through the nozzle.
Further, the powder feeding device comprises a heating device which is arranged at the outlet side of the powder feeding device and used for heating the particles.
Further, the device also comprises a deflection coil which is arranged at the outlet end of the nozzle and used for controlling the jetting direction of the charged particle beam.
The powder feeding device further comprises a Laval nozzle, a powder feeding pipe for guiding the flow of particles is arranged at the bottom of the powder feeding device, the outlet end of the powder feeding pipe is positioned in the inlet end of the Laval nozzle, and the accelerating device is positioned at the outlet end side of the Laval nozzle.
Further, a first-order magnetic lens for focusing the charged particle beams is arranged at the outlet end of the laval nozzle, and the accelerating device is arranged on the outlet end side of the first-order magnetic lens.
The powder feeding device is connected to the top of the shell and used for feeding powder into the shell, the nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the shell and is vertically opposite to the outlet end of the powder feeding device, and the shell is provided with an air inlet for introducing high-pressure gas into the Laval nozzle and an air pumping port for pumping out the gas to form a near vacuum environment in the shell.
Furthermore, the nozzle is externally connected with a secondary magnetic lens for focusing the particle beams, and the deflection coil is arranged at the outlet end of the secondary magnetic lens.
Further, the heating device is arranged around the powder feeding pipe.
Further, the casing inner chamber is separated for last cavity, middle part cavity and lower cavity through the insulation board, the laval nozzle sets up in the middle part cavity and makes last cavity and lower cavity intercommunication, send the powder pipe through last cavity downwardly extending to laval nozzle entrance point, heating device sets up in last cavity, accelerating device sets up and is used for making laval nozzle spun particle beam with higher speed in lower cavity, the nozzle sets up and makes the particle beam after accelerating spout through the nozzle in lower cavity bottom.
Further, the air inlet is communicated with the upper cavity, and the pumping hole is communicated with the middle cavity or the lower cavity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the spraying powder is converted into the charged particle beam and accelerated by the accelerating electric field, the whole device can accelerate the particles to a preset speed through a smaller space, the size of the spray gun is reduced, the structural compactness of the spray gun is improved, higher spraying speed and energy can be obtained under the condition of lower spraying air pressure, and the focusing and accurate control of the spraying powder are realized, so that the spraying operation environment is improved, the spraying operation efficiency is improved, the acceleration process of the particle beam is more constant, the final speed of the particle beam is constant, the consistency of a coating sprayed on the surface of a substrate is better, and the spraying quality is improved; in addition, because the particle beams are charged, the adhesion performance of the particles is improved by applying opposite charges to the surface of the matrix, and the movement direction of the particle beams is changed by applying acting force to the particle beams through an electric field or a magnetic field, so that the jet direction of the charged particle beams is convenient to control;
according to the invention, the critical speed required by particle deposition is reduced by heating the particles, and when the temperature of the cold-sprayed particles is increased, the critical speed of deposition is reduced, the deposition efficiency is improved, the bonding strength is also increased, and a compact coating is favorably formed; but also can control the direction of the charged particle beam accurately by matching with the deflection coil so as to control the spraying direction, the structure is simple, the control on the particle beam is simple and accurate, and the magnetic lens is beneficial to the focusing of powder particles, thereby improving the dispersion phenomenon of sprayed powder and improving the spraying effect.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a spray gun;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spray gun;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a powder feeder;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a deflection yoke structure (horizontal deflection yoke);
Detailed Description
As shown in the drawing, the vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun in the present embodiment includes a powder feeding device 10, an electrostatic generating device 20 for electrically charging powder particles fed from the powder feeding device, an accelerating device 30 having an accelerating electric field for accelerating the charged particles and ejecting the accelerated particles through a nozzle, and the nozzle 40, which are sequentially arranged. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the powder feeding device has a cylindrical housing, a powder feeding port is formed in the top of the housing, a powder outlet is formed in the bottom of the housing opposite to the powder feeding port, the static electricity generating device is installed in an inner cavity of the powder feeding device, the static electricity generating device mainly generates static electricity, outputs a single polarity, such as positive or negative polarity, and can adjust output voltage, in this embodiment, the static electricity generating device includes a high-voltage discharge electrode arranged in the inner cavity of the powder feeding device and an insulator arranged below the electrode, a plurality of vertical holes are arranged on the insulator in an array manner, and the static electricity generating device has an existing structure and is not described in detail; the accelerating electric field is a uniform electric field which increases the speed of the charged particles after being shot into the accelerating device, the direction of the electric field is the same as the speed direction of the positively charged particles and is opposite to the speed direction of the negatively charged particles, and the accelerating device can be provided with a one-stage accelerating electric field or a multi-stage accelerating electric field, which is not described in detail; in the embodiment, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the accelerating electric field are vertically opposite, through holes for particle beams to pass through are formed in the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the through holes are positioned right below the powder outlet of the powder feeding device, and the corresponding nozzles are opposite to the through holes in the positive electrode and the negative electrode; powder particles are fed in through a powder feeding device in the structure, the powder particles form charged particles after passing through an electrostatic generating device, the charged particles are accelerated through an accelerating device to enable the particle beam speed to quickly reach the critical speed of the particles, particularly to supersonic speed or hypersonic speed, the supersonic particle beams are sprayed out through a nozzle to impact the surface of a matrix, and generate larger plastic deformation to be deposited on the surface of the matrix to form a coating, the spraying powder is converted into the charged particle beams through the structure and accelerated through an accelerating electric field, the particles can be accelerated to a preset speed through a smaller space in the whole device, the size of a spray gun is favorably reduced, the structural compactness of the spray gun is improved, the accelerating process of the particle beams is constant, the final speed of the particle beams is constant, the consistency of the coating sprayed on the surface of the matrix is better, and; in addition, because the particle beam is charged, the adhesion performance of the particles is improved by applying opposite charges to the surface of the matrix, and the movement direction of the particle beam is changed by applying acting force to the particle beam through an electric field or a magnetic field, so that the jet direction of the charged particle beam is convenient to control.
In this embodiment, a heating device 50 is further included at the outlet side of the powder feeder 10 for heating the particles. Heating device can set up in powder feeding device department, static electricity generating device, accelerating device or nozzle department, heating device's specific position of setting can be according to actual structure adjustment, heating device can be electric heating device or laser heating device, the preferred electric heating device in this embodiment, electric heating device installs in the position of powder feeding device 10 play powder mouth for the heating of particle, reduce the critical speed that particle deposition needs through the heating to the particle, when the particle temperature of cold spraying rises, realize that the critical speed of deposit reduces, deposition efficiency improves thereupon, bonding strength also increases, do benefit to and form compact coating.
In this embodiment, a deflection coil 60 is further included, and is disposed at the outlet end of the nozzle 40 for controlling the ejection direction of the charged particle beam. Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the deflection yoke is composed of a pair of horizontal coils and a pair of vertical coils, each pair of coils is composed of two windings having the same number of turns and identical shape. When certain currents are respectively supplied to the horizontal coil and the vertical coil, the two pairs of coils respectively generate certain magnetic fields. The horizontal coil generates a pillow-shaped field, the vertical coil generates a barrel-shaped field, the spraying direction of the charged particle beam is controlled through the matching of the horizontal coil and the vertical coil, so that the particle beam can realize horizontal scanning and vertical scanning on the surface of a base body, the direction of the charged particle beam can be accurately controlled, controllable scanning and spraying can be realized, the structure is simple, the control on the particle beam is simple and accurate, the control precision is high, and the scanning speed is high.
In this embodiment, a laval nozzle 81 is further included, the powder feeder 10 has a powder feeding pipe 11 at the bottom for guiding the flow of particles, the outlet end of the powder feeding pipe is located in the inlet end of the laval nozzle, and the accelerator 30 is located at the outlet end side of the laval nozzle. The Laval nozzle is matched with high-pressure airflow for use, wherein the high-pressure airflow can be synchronously sent into the nozzle through the powder sending device or can be independently fed into the nozzle, the Laval nozzle is made of an insulating material, the front half part of the Laval nozzle is contracted to a narrow throat from big to small in the middle, the narrow throat is outwards expanded from small to big, and the gas in the nozzle flows into the front half part of the nozzle under high pressure and escapes from the rear half part after passing through the narrow throat. The powder feeding pipe 11 is connected to the bottom of a shell of the powder feeding device to form a powder outlet, an outlet of the powder feeding pipe is narrowed to form a conical opening, an outlet end of the powder feeding pipe is located at a large-diameter section of the front half part of the Laval nozzle, the structure can enable the speed of airflow to change due to the change of the spray sectional area, and the particle beam is accelerated primarily.
In this embodiment, the outlet end of the laval nozzle is provided with a primary magnetic lens 82 for focusing the charged particle beam, and the accelerating device is provided on the outlet end side of the primary magnetic lens 82. The magnetic lens has an axisymmetric magnetic field which can be generated by a solenoid, an electromagnet or a permanent magnet, and can converge a uniform-speed charged particle beam, the charged particle beam sprayed by the Laval nozzle is converged by the primary magnetic lens and enters an accelerating electric field, so that the jet direction of the charged particle beam can be accurately and intensively controlled, and the spraying precision of the spray gun can be improved.
In this embodiment, the powder feeding device 10 further includes a housing 70, the powder feeding device 10 is connected to the top of the housing and used for feeding powder into the housing, the nozzle 40 is disposed at the bottom of the housing and vertically faces the outlet end of the powder feeding device, and the housing is provided with an air inlet 83 for introducing high-pressure air into the laval nozzle and an air pumping port 84 for pumping out air to form a near-vacuum environment in the housing. The nearly vacuum environment is the environment of the approximate vacuum that keeps certain vacuum, and wherein the casing adopts insulating material to make, and the casing is whole to be the cylinder structure, and the gas that the air inlet let in is accelerated through the supplementary particle beam of laval spray tube, and the exit side that the laval spray tube can be arranged in to the extraction opening is used for taking out through laval spray tube spun air current, and the setting of extraction opening also can provide nearly vacuum environment for accelerating device in addition, reduces external interference to the particle beam at electric field acceleration in-process.
In this embodiment, the nozzle 40 is externally connected with a secondary magnetic lens 85 for focusing a particle beam, and the deflection coil 60 is attached to an outlet end of the secondary magnetic lens. Referring to fig. 2, the nozzle is an opening formed at the bottom of the housing 70, and the outlet end of the nozzle is connected to a secondary magnetic lens 85, so that the particle beam accelerated by the electric field is converged again, and the particle beam is converged at one point precisely, thereby facilitating the direction control of the deflection coil.
In this embodiment, the heating device is disposed around the powder feeding pipe. Referring to fig. 2, the heating device is a spiral heating resistance wire, and two groups of spiral resistance wires with different diameters are arranged around the inside and the outside of the powder feeding pipe, so that the air temperature at the periphery of the powder feeding pipe can be uniformly heated, the temperature of particles can be uniformly increased, and the critical speed required by particle deposition can be reduced.
In this embodiment, the inner cavity of the housing 70 is separated into an upper cavity 71, a middle cavity 72 and a lower cavity 73 by an insulating plate, the laval nozzle 81 is disposed in the middle cavity and makes the upper cavity and the lower cavity communicate with each other, the powder delivery pipe 11 extends downwards to the inlet end of the laval nozzle through the upper cavity, the heating device is disposed in the upper cavity, the accelerating device 30 is disposed in the lower cavity and is used for accelerating the particle beam sprayed from the laval nozzle, and the nozzle is disposed at the bottom of the lower cavity and sprays the accelerated particle beam through the nozzle. The casing can be the cylindrical casing of integral type, it cuts off the inner space into a plurality of space to set up the insulation board in the casing, the casing adopts split type casing in this embodiment, the casing is formed by two split type cylindrical shell axial concatenations, wherein the shell that is located the below separates for middle part cavity and cavity down through the insulation board, the shell inner chamber that is located the top is the upper portion cavity, this structure separates a plurality of functional area through a plurality of cavities in with the casing, each functional area does benefit to the independent installation of corresponding part, and each regional function does not interfere with each other, the stability and the reliability of improvement spray gun.
In this embodiment, the air inlet 83 is communicated with the upper chamber, and the pumping port is communicated with the middle chamber or the lower chamber. The structure can heat the high-pressure gas introduced into the upper chamber through the heating device, improve the kinetic energy of the gas flow, and heat the powder particles by means of the gas, so that the effective heating of the powder particles is ensured and the overheating of the powder particles is also prevented; as shown in fig. 2, the gas introduced into the air inlet directly flows out through the laval nozzle and flows out through the air exhaust port, wherein the air exhaust flow of the air exhaust port should be greater than the air intake flow of the air inlet, wherein the air exhaust port is externally connected with a water ring vacuum pump, and the air inlet is externally connected with a compressor, so that a vacuum environment is formed in the casing.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A vacuum electric-scanning multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun is characterized in that: the powder feeding device comprises a powder feeding device, an electrostatic generating device, an accelerating device and a nozzle which are sequentially arranged, wherein the electrostatic generating device is used for charging powder particles sent out from the powder feeding device, and the accelerating device is provided with an accelerating electric field and is used for accelerating the charged particles and enabling the accelerated particles to be sprayed out through the nozzle.
2. The vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition lance of claim 1 wherein: the powder feeding device also comprises a heating device which is arranged at the outlet side of the powder feeding device and used for heating the particles.
3. The vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition lance of claim 1 wherein: the device also comprises a deflection coil which is arranged at the outlet end of the nozzle and used for controlling the jetting direction of the charged particle beam.
4. The vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition lance of claim 2 wherein: the powder feeding device is characterized by further comprising a Laval nozzle, a powder feeding pipe used for guiding particle flow is arranged at the bottom of the powder feeding device, the outlet end of the powder feeding pipe is located in the inlet end of the Laval nozzle, and the accelerating device is located on the outlet end side of the Laval nozzle.
5. The vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition lance of claim 4, wherein: the outlet end of the Laval nozzle is provided with a primary magnetic lens used for focusing charged particle beams, and the accelerating device is arranged on the outlet end side of the primary magnetic lens.
6. The vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition lance of claim 4, wherein: the powder feeding device is connected to the top of the shell and used for feeding powder into the shell, the nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the shell and is vertically opposite to the outlet end of the powder feeding device, and the shell is provided with an air inlet for introducing high-pressure gas into the Laval nozzle and an air pumping port for pumping the gas to form a near vacuum environment in the shell.
7. The vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition lance of claim 3, wherein: the nozzle is externally connected with a secondary magnetic lens which focuses particle beams, and the deflection coil is arranged at the outlet end of the secondary magnetic lens.
8. The vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition lance of claim 4, wherein: the heating device is arranged around the powder feeding pipe.
9. The vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition lance of claim 6, wherein: the utility model discloses a particle beam acceleration device, including shell, power transmission pipe, Laval nozzle, accelerating device, insulating board, power transmission pipe, heating device, accelerating device, the shell inner chamber is separated for last cavity, middle part cavity and lower cavity through the insulating board, the Laval nozzle sets up in the middle part cavity and makes and goes up cavity and lower cavity intercommunication, send the powder pipe to extend to Laval nozzle entrance point downwards through last cavity, heating device sets up in the last cavity, accelerating device sets up and is used for making Laval nozzle spun particle beam with higher speed in the lower cavity, the nozzle sets up in the lower cavity bottom and makes.
10. The vacuum electrically swept multi-field energized supersonic deposition lance of claim 9 wherein: the air inlet is communicated with the upper cavity, and the pumping port is communicated with the middle cavity or the lower cavity.
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| CN202011479991.8A CN112718283B (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Vacuum electric-sweeping multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun |
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| CN202011479991.8A CN112718283B (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Vacuum electric-sweeping multi-field energized supersonic deposition spray gun |
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| CN112718283A true CN112718283A (en) | 2021-04-30 |
| CN112718283B CN112718283B (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN116809972A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-09-29 | 无锡市栋升高科技材料有限公司 | Cold spraying additive manufacturing equipment based on vacuum environment |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116809972A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-09-29 | 无锡市栋升高科技材料有限公司 | Cold spraying additive manufacturing equipment based on vacuum environment |
| CN116809972B (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-12-01 | 无锡市栋升高科技材料有限公司 | Cold spraying additive manufacturing equipment based on vacuum environment |
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| CN112718283B (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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