CN107903957A - 抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法 - Google Patents

抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107903957A
CN107903957A CN201711193492.0A CN201711193492A CN107903957A CN 107903957 A CN107903957 A CN 107903957A CN 201711193492 A CN201711193492 A CN 201711193492A CN 107903957 A CN107903957 A CN 107903957A
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蒙呈星
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Abstract

本发明属于燃料技术领域,特别涉及一种抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:1)将菜籽油放入高压罐中,在56‑64MPa高压处理5‑8min;2)再将菜籽油放入反应罐中,加入甲醇和氢氧化钾混合均匀,在50‑60℃下反应80‑130min;3)冷却分层,取上层清洗液洗涤至pH值为7,再经蒸馏,得到生物原料油;4)再向生物燃料中加入抗氧化剂,再放入高压罐中,在4‑8kgf/cm2下处理10‑20min,即可得到产品。本发明方法能够有效提高以菜籽油为原料的抗氧化性,延长生物燃料的储存期。

Description

抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于燃料技术领域,特别涉及一种抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法。
背景技术
生物燃料(Biodiesel)是一种较为洁净的合成油,普遍用于拖拉机、卡车、船舶等。它是指以油料作物如大豆、油菜、棉、棕榈等,野生油料植物和工程微藻等水生植物油脂以及动物油脂、餐饮垃圾油等为原料油通过酯交换或热化学工艺制成的可代替石化柴油的再生性生物燃料。生物燃料是生物质能的一种,其在物理性质上与石化柴油接近,但化学组成不同。生物燃料是含氧量极高的复杂有机成分的混合物,这些混合物主要是一些分子量大的有机物,几乎包括所有种类的含氧有机物,如:酯、醚、醛、酮、酚、有机酸、醇等。
生物燃料的主要成分是长链脂肪酸甲酯,而在生物燃料的主要成分是长链脂肪酸甲酯,而在这些肪酸甲酯中,含碳碳双键的不饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量超过一半。生物燃料实际储存中,在氧、光、金属离子等存在下,这些不饱和脂肪酸甲酯极易发生氧化反应生成一次氧化产物—过氧化物。由于过氧化物的不稳定性,其分解生成二次氧化产物,如水、醇、醛、有机酸、聚合物及沉淀等。这些二次氧化产物将引起臭味及生物燃料分层等现象,并且进一步带来引擎腐蚀,过滤困难,油路阻塞和引擎功率不稳定等问题。由此可见,生物燃料氧化不仅会影响油品的质量,而且还会影响机动车辆各系统的运转,减少车辆的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,该方法能够有效提高以菜籽油为原料的抗氧化性,延长生物燃料的储存期。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
1)将菜籽油放入高压罐中,在56-64MPa高压处理5-8min;
2)再将菜籽油放入反应罐中,加入甲醇和氢氧化钾混合均匀,在50-60℃下反应80-130min;
3)冷却分层,取上层清洗液洗涤至pH值为7,再经蒸馏,得到生物原料油;
4)再向生物燃料中加入抗氧化剂,再放入高压罐中,在4-8kgf/cm2压力下处理10-20min,即可得到产品。
本发明所述步骤2)中,甲醇和菜籽油的质量比为0.8~1.1:1。
本发明所述步骤2)中,氢氧化钾用量是菜籽油质量的0.8~1.1%。
本发明所述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
优选地,本发明所述步骤1)中,高压处理时的温度为45-55℃。
优选地,本发明所述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂的加入量为每克菜籽油加入300-600微克抗氧化剂。
优选地,本发明所述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂的加入量为每克菜籽油加入450微克抗氧化剂。
优选地,本发明所述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为质量比为3-6:1的没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
优选地,本发明所述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为质量比为5:1的没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
相比现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
以菜籽油为原料制备得到的生物原料油,不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,使得菜籽油制备得到的原料油氧化速率加快,导致制备得到的原料油氧化稳定性差,达不到生物燃料氧化稳定性的国家标准,不能够直接替代柴油使用,而本发明通过一定的制备方法以及添加抗氧化剂之后,有效提高了以菜籽油为原料制备得到的原料油的抗氧化性,使得制备得到的生物燃料符合DB11/239-2016的标准,能够替代现有柴油使用。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
1)将菜籽油放入高压罐中,在56MPa和45℃下高压处理5min;
2)再将菜籽油放入反应罐中,加入菜籽油的质量0.9倍的甲醇和菜籽油质量的0.8%的氢氧化钾混合均匀,在50℃下反应80min;
3)冷却分层,取上层清洗液洗涤至pH值为7,再经蒸馏,得到生物原料油;
4)再向生物燃料中加入抗氧化剂,再放入高压罐中,在8kgf/cm2压力下处理10min,即可得到产品;
上述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为质量比为4:1的没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
上述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂的加入量为每克菜籽油加入300微克抗氧化剂。
实施例2
抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
1)将菜籽油放入高压罐中,在58MPa和55℃下高压处理6min;
2)再将菜籽油放入反应罐中,加入菜籽油的质量1.1倍的甲醇和菜籽油质量的0.9%的氢氧化钾混合均匀,在60℃下反应90min;
3)冷却分层,取上层清洗液洗涤至pH值为7,再经蒸馏,得到生物原料油;
4)再向生物燃料中加入抗氧化剂,再放入高压罐中,在7kgf/cm2压力下处理12min,即可得到产品;
上述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为质量比为6:1的没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
上述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂的加入量为每克菜籽油加入400微克抗氧化剂。
实施例3
抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
1)将菜籽油放入高压罐中,在60MPa和50℃下高压处理7min;
2)再将菜籽油放入反应罐中,加入菜籽油的质量1.0倍的甲醇和菜籽油质量的1.0%的氢氧化钾混合均匀,在55℃下反应100min;
3)冷却分层,取上层清洗液洗涤至pH值为7,再经蒸馏,得到生物原料油;
4)再向生物燃料中加入抗氧化剂,再放入高压罐中,在6kgf/cm2压力下处理15min,即可得到产品;
上述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为质量比为5:1的没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
上述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂的加入量为每克菜籽油加入450微克抗氧化剂。
实施例4
抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
1)将菜籽油放入高压罐中,在62MPa和50℃下高压处理8min;
2)再将菜籽油放入反应罐中,加入菜籽油的质量0.9倍的甲醇和菜籽油质量的1.1%的氢氧化钾混合均匀,在55℃下反应120min;
3)冷却分层,取上层清洗液洗涤至pH值为7,再经蒸馏,得到生物原料油;
4)再向生物燃料中加入抗氧化剂,再放入高压罐中,在5kgf/cm2压力下处理18min,即可得到产品;
上述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为质量比为4:1的没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
上述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂的加入量为每克菜籽油加入500微克抗氧化剂。
实施例5
抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
1)将菜籽油放入高压罐中,在64MPa和45℃下高压处理6min;
2)再将菜籽油放入反应罐中,加入菜籽油的质量0.8倍的甲醇和菜籽油质量的0.8%的氢氧化钾混合均匀,在50℃下反应130min;
3)冷却分层,取上层清洗液洗涤至pH值为7,再经蒸馏,得到生物原料油;
4)再向生物燃料中加入抗氧化剂,再放入高压罐中,在4kgf/cm2压力下处理20min,即可得到产品;
上述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为质量比为3:1的没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
上述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂的加入量为每克菜籽油加入600微克抗氧化剂。
以实施例3方法参数为基础,控制不同变量对生物燃料抗氧化性的影响如下:取不同变量制备得到的生物燃料样品3mL,放入氧化稳定性测定仪的测量单元中,加热至110℃,通入空气,开始计时测量生物燃料样品电导率随时间的变化。测定条件:加热装置系统温度范围50~220℃,修正温度偏差-9~9℃;温度测量范围0~250℃;温度最小分辨值0.1℃,加热通道与温度设定值的最大偏差±0.3℃,仪器关闭温度(260±11)℃,仪器在运行温度220℃时的外部允许温度最大值50℃,加热通道升温所需时间约45min(20℃升至120℃);电导率测量系统频率1kHz,电压1.7V,电导率测量范围0~400μS/cm,电导率最小分辨值0.1μS/cm,仪器电导率测量最大误差±1%±0.5μS/cm。气流系统气流流量调节范围7~25L/h,设定流量与实际流量的最大偏差±10%。具体结果见下表。
表1添加不同抗氧化剂组分生物燃料氧化稳定性情况
不同抗氧剂组分的质量比例 氧化诱导时间/h
没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚:5:0 3.6
没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚:2:1 5.8
没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚:3:1 23.1
没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚:4:1 24.5
没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚:5:1 28.6
没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚:6:1 28.1
没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚:7:1 5.4
没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚:0:1 4.8
注:诱导期的时间越长表明该生物燃料样品的氧化稳定性越好;生物燃料氧化稳定性国家标准诱导期为6h。
表2不同压力处理生物燃料氧化稳定性情况

Claims (6)

1.抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下制备步骤:
1)将菜籽油放入高压罐中,在56-64MPa高压处理5-8min;
2)再将菜籽油放入反应罐中,加入甲醇和氢氧化钾混合均匀,在50-60℃下反应80-130min;
3)冷却分层,取上层清洗液洗涤至pH值为7,再经蒸馏,得到生物原料油;
4)再向生物燃料中加入抗氧化剂,再放入高压罐中,在4-8kgf/cm2压力下处理10-20min,即可得到产品;
所述步骤2)中,甲醇和菜籽油的质量比为0.8~1.1:1;
所述步骤2)中,氢氧化钾用量是菜籽油质量的0.8~1.1%;
所述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
2.根据权利1所述的抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)中,高压处理时的温度为45-55℃。
3.根据权利1所述的抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂的加入量为每克菜籽油加入300-600微克抗氧化剂。
4.根据权利3所述的抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂的加入量为每克菜籽油加入450微克抗氧化剂。
5.根据权利1所述的抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为质量比为3-6:1的没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
6.根据权利5所述的抗氧化生物燃料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4)中,抗氧化剂为质量比为5:1的没食子酸丙酯和叔丁基对苯二酚的混合物。
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